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S E C O N D E D I T I O N

W. RICHARD STEVENS Interprocess C o m m u n i c a t i o n s I Well-implemented interprocess communications (IPC) are key to the performance of virtually every non-trivial UNIX program. In UNIX Network Programming, Udnme 2, Seeond Edition, legendary UNIX expert W. Richard Stevens presents a comprehensive guide to every form of IPC. including message passing. synchronization. shared memory, and Remote Procedure Calls (RPG. Stevens heglns with a basic: introduction to IPC and the problems it is intended to solve Slep-by-step you'll learn how to maximize both System V IPC and the new Posix standards. which offer dramatic improvements in convenience and performance. You'll find extensive coverage of Pthreads. with many examples rrflecting multiple threads instead of multiple processes. Alongthe way. you'll master every current IPC technique and technology. including: - you'll ever nee& b Pipes and FlFOs Posix and System V Message Queues POSIX and System V Semaphores Poslx and System V Shared Me Sbiaris Doors and Sun RPC t -C performance Measurements of IPC Techn~ques of UNlX Network Programming, of five! You won't just learn about IPC "from the outside." You'll actually create implemkntatiom of Posix message queues. read-write locks, and semaphores, gaining an in-de@h understanding of these capabilities you simply can't get awwhere else. 1 The book contains extensive new source code--all caqfully optimized and available on the Web. You'll even find a complete guide to mesuring IPC performance with message passing bandwidth and laterfcy progrMns, and thread and process synchronization programs. The better you understand IPC. the better your UNIX software will run. This book contains all you need to know. I ABOUT THE AUTHOR W. RlCHAR D S T E V E N S is author of UNIX Network Programming. Firs widely recognized as the classic text in UNIX networking and UNIX Net Programming, Wume 1. Second Edition. He is also author of Advanced in the UNIX Environment and the TCP/IP IIIustrated Series. Stevens is an acknowledged UNIX and networking expert. sought-after instructor, and occamnal consultant. PRENTICE HALL Upper Saddle River. NJ 07458

Function prototype boolLt clnt-control (CLIENT *d, unsigned int request, char *ptr) ; CLIENT *clnt-create (const char *host, unsigned long prognum, unsigned long versnum, const char *protocol) ; void clnt-destroy(CL1ENT * c ! ) ; Page 418 420 int door-bind ( int f d ) ; 390 int door-call ( int fd, door-arg-t *argp) ; 361 int door-create (Door-serverqroc *proc, void *cookie, u-int attr) ; 363 int door-cred (door-cred-t *cred) ; 365 int door-info (int fd, door-in£ o-t *info) ; 365 int dooryeturn (char *dataptr, size-t datasize, door-desc-t *descptr. size-t ndesc) ; 365 int door-revoke (int fd) ; 390 Door-createqroc *door~server~create(Door~createqroc *prOc); 384 390 int door-unbind(void); void err-durn (const char * f i t , . . . ) ; void err-msg (const char * f i t , . . . ) ; void err-quit (const char * f i t , . . . ) ; void err-rot (const char * f i t , . . . ) ; void err-sys (const char * f i t , . . . ) ; int fcntl (int f d , int cmd, . . . / * struct flock *arg * / ) ; int fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf ) ; key-t ftok(const char *pathname, int i d ) ; int ftruncate (int f d , of f-t length) ; int q c l o s e (mqd-t mqdes) ; int qgetattr (mqd-t mqdes, struct mpattr *attr) ; int -notify (mqd-t mqdes, const struct sigevent *notification) ; mqd-t qopen(const char *name, int oflag, . . . / * mode-t mode, struct mq-attr *attr * / ) . int -unlink (const char *name) ; int msgctl(int msqid, int cmd, struct msqid-ds *buff); int msgget (key-t key, int oflag) ; FILE *popen (const char *command, const char *type) ; 77 52

Function prototype int pthread-cancel (pthread-t tid) ; void pthread-c leanupgop ( int execute) ; void pthread-cleanupgush(void (*function) (void * ) , void *a%) ; int pthreahcreate (pthread-t *tid, const pthread-attr-t *attr, void * (*fu?tc) (void * ) , void *a%) ; int pthread-detach (pthread-t tid) ; void pthread-exit (void *status) ; int pthread-join(pthread-t tid, void **status) ; pthread-t pthread-self(void); int pthread-condattr-destroy(pthread-condattr-t *attr); int pthread-condattr-getpshared(const pthread-condattr-t 'attr, int *valptr) ; int pthread-condattr-init(pthread-condattr-t *attr); int pthread-condattr-setpshared(pthread-condattr-t *attr, int value); int pthread-cond-broadcast(pthread-cond-t *cptr); int pthreahcond-destroy(pthread-cond-t *cptr); int pthread-cond-init(pthread-cond-t *cptr, const pthread-condattr-t *attr); int pthread-cond-signal(pthread-cond-t int pthread-cond-timedwait(pthread-cond-t *cptr, pthread-mutex-t *mptr, *cptr); const struct timespec *abstime) ; int pthread-cond-wait(pthread~cond-t *cptr, pthread-mutex-t *mptr); Page 187 187 187 502 504 504 503 503 172 173 172 173 171 172 172 167 171 167 int int int int int int int int int int int int int int int int int int int int pthread-mutaxattr-destroy(pthread-mutexattr-t *attr); pthread-mutaxattr-getpsharrd ( const pthread-mutexattr-t *attr, int "valptr) ; pthread-mutaxattr-init (pthread-mutexattr-t *attr) ; pthread-mutaxattr-setpshared(pthread-mutexattr-t *attr, int value); pthread-mutex-destroy(pthread-mutex-t *mptr); pthread-mutex-init(pthread-mutex-t *mptr, const pthread-mutexattr-t *attr); pthread~mutex~lock(pthread~mutex~t *mptr) ; *mptr); pthrea~mutex~trylock(pthread~mutex~t pthread~mutex~unlock(pthread~mutex~t *mptr); pthread~rwlockattr~destroy(pthread~rwlockattr~t pthread-rwlockattr-getpshared(const pthread-rwlockattr-t *attr, int *Va!ptr) ; pthread-rwlockattr-init(pthread-rwlockattr-t *attr); pthread-rwlockattr-setpshared (pthread-rwlockattr-t *attr, int value) ; pthread-rwlock_destroy(pthread-rwlock-t *noptr); pthread-rwlock-init (pthread-rwlock-t *noptr, *attr); const pthread-rwlockattr-t *attr); pthread~rwlock~rdlock(pthread~rwlock~t *noptr); pthread~rwlock~tryrdlock(pthread~rwlock~t pthrea~rwlock~unlock(pthread~rwlock~t pthread~rwlock~trywr1ock(pthread~rwlock~t *nu@'); * q t r ) ; pthread~rw1ock~wrlock(pthread~rwlo~k~t *noptr); *noptr);

UNIX Network Programming Volume 2 Second Edition lnterprocess Communications by W. Richard Stevens ISBN 0-23-082082-9 Prentice Hall PTR Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 www.phptr.com

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Stevens, W. Richard. UNIX network programming I by W. Richard Stevens. -- 2nd ed. v. : ill. : 25 cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Contents: v. 1. Networking APIs : sockets and XTI. ISBN 0-13-490012-X (v. 1) 1. UNIX (Computer file) 2. Computer networks. 3. Internet programming. QA76.76.063S755 1998 005.7' 12768--DC2 1 I. Title. 97-3 176 1 Editorial/production supervision: Patti Guerrieri Cover design director: Jerry Votta Cover designer: Scott Weiss Manufacturing manager: Alexis R. Heydl Marketing manager: Miles Williams Acquisitions editor: Mary Franz Editorial assistant: Noreen Regina 01999 by Prentice Hall PTR Prentice-Hall, Inc. A Simon & Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Prentice Hall books are widely used by corporations and government agencies for training, marketing, and resale. The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in bulk quantities. For more information, contact: Corporate Sales Department, Phone: 800-382-3419; Fax: 201-236-7141; E-mail: corpsales@prenhall.com; or write: Prentice Hall PTR, Corp. Sales Dept., One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All products or services mentioned in this book are the trademarks or service marks of their respective companies or organizations. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 0-1 3-081 081 -9 Prentice-Hall lntemational (UK) Limited, London Prentice-Hall of Australia Pty. Limited, Sydney Prentice-Hall Canada Inc., Toronto Prentice-Hall Hispanoamericana, S.A., Mexico Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi Prentice-Hall of Japan, Inc., Tokyo Simon & Schuster Asia Pte. Ltd., Singapore Editora Prentice-Hall do Brasil, Ltda., Rio de Janeiro

To the Usenet community; for many questions answered, and many FAQs provided.

Abbreviated Table of Contents Part 1. Introduction lntroduction Chapter 1. Posix IPC Chapter 2. Chapter 3. System V IPC Part 2. Message Passing Chapter 4. Pipes and FlFOs Chapter 5. Chapter 6. Posix Message Queues System V Message Queues Part 3. Synchronization Chapter 7. Mutexes and Condition Variables Chapter 8. Read-Write Locks Chapter 9. Record Locking Chapter 10. Chapter 11. Posix Semaphores System V Semaphores Part 4. Shared Memory Chapter 12. Chapter 13. Chapter 14. Shared Memory Introduction Posix Shared Memory System V Shared Memory Part 5. Remote Procedure Calls Chapter 15. Doors Chapter 16. Appendix A. Performance Measurements Appendix 6. A Threads Primer Appendix C. Miscellaneous Source Code Appendix D. Sun RPC Solutions to Selected Exercises 1 41 43 75 1 29 157 159 1 77 193 21 9 28 1 301 303 325 343 353 355 399

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Unix Network Programming - Volume 2 ( 2th Edition ).pdf

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