INTERNATIONAL  CENTRE  FOR  MECHANICAL  SCIENCES 
COURSES  AND  LECTURES  - No.  282 
e • . 
CONTINUUM  THEORY 
OF  THE  MECHANICS 
OF  FIBRE-REINFORCED  COMPOSITES 
EDITED BY 
A.J.M.  SPENCER 
THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM 
SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN GMBH 
This work is subjtd to copyright. 
All righ ts  are  reserved, 
whether the whole or part of the material is concemed 
specifically those of translation, reprinting,  re-use of illustrations, 
broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine 
or similar means, and storage in data banks. 
© 1984 by  Springer-Verlag Wien 
Originally published by Springer-Verlag  Wien-New York in 1984 
ISBN 978-3-211-81842-8 
ISBN 978-3-7091-4336-0 (eBook) 
DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-4336-0 
PREFACE 
This  booK  is  made  up  of  tne  notes  for  tne  lectures  6ze  .-"ive  au6zors 
gave  at  the  International  Centre  for  Mecizanica~  Sciences  in  Udilie  in  Jdy 
1981.  The  aim  of  the  Scizool  was  to  present  an  account  of rec
CONTENTS 
CONSTITUTIVE  THEORY  FOR  STRONGLY  ANISOTROPIC  SOLIDS 
A.  J,  M.  Spencer 
Introduction 
Linear  Elastic  Constitutive  Equations  for  Fibre-reinforced 
Material 
2.1  Linear  elasticity  - one  family  of  fibres 
2.2  Linear  elasticity  -
two  families  of  fibres 
1 
2 
3 
Finite  Elastic  Constitutive  Equations  for  Fibre-reinforced 
Material 
3.1  Kinematics  of  finite  deformations 
3.2  Finite  elasticity  for  one  family  of  fibres 
3.3  Finite  elasticity  for  two  families  of  fibres 
4 
Plasticity  Theory  for  Fibre-reinforced  Material 
4.1  Yield  functions  for  one  family  of  fibres 
4.2  Yield  functions  for  two  families  of  fibres 
4. 3  Flow  rules 
4.4  Hardening  rules 
4.5  Small  elastic-plastic  deformations 
References 
1 
3 
10 
16 
18 
20 
22 
26 
27 
28 
30 
Contents 
II 
FINITE  DEFORt·1ATION  AND  STRESS  IN  IDEAL  FIBRE-REINFORCED 
t~ATERIALS 
T.  G.  Rogers 
1 
Theory  of  Ideal  Fibre-reinforced  Materials  (IFRM) 
1.1 
Introduction 
1.2  Kinematics 
1.3  Stress  and  equilibrium 
1.4'  Stress  discontinuities  and  singular  stresses 
2 
Plane  Finite  Deformations 
2.1 
Introduction 
2.2  Kinematics 
2.3  Stress 
2.4  Hyperbolicity  and  singular  stress  layers 
3 
Solutions  of  Plane  Boundary  Value  Problems 
3.1  Force  resultants 
3.2  Examples  involving  initially  straight,  parallel  fibres 
3.3  Example- squashing  of  a  hollow  tube 
3.4  Non-uniqueness  and  energy  considerations 
4 
Finite  Axisymmetric  Deformations 
4.1 
Introduction 
4. 2  Kinematics 
4.3  Stress 
References 
II I 
PLANE  PROBLEt4S  FOR  FIBRE-REINFORCED  LINEARLY  ELASTIC  SOLIDS 
1 
Introduction 
III 
33 
36 
37 
40 
43 
47 
51 
53 
56 
62 
64 
66 
67 
69 
70 
73 
IV 
Contents 
2 
Plane  Strain  Problems  for  an  Ideal  Fibre-reinforced  Material 
2.1  Displacement  boundary-value  problems 
2.2  A  stress  boundary-value  problem 
2.3  The  general  stress  boundary-value  problem 
2.4  Three-point  bending  of  a  beam 
3 
4 
Holes  and  Cracks  in  Ideal  Fibre-reinforced  Materials 
Plane  Strain  and  Generalised  Plane  Stress  Problems  for 
Fibre-reinforced  Materials 
4.1  Plane  strain  for  compressible  materials 
4.2  Generalised  plane  stress 
4.3  Boundary-value  problems 
4.4  Edge  tractions  on  the  half-plane  y  >  0 
4.5  Edge  tractions  on  the  half-plane  x  >  0 
4.6 
Infinite  strip 
4. 7  Finite  regions 
References 
IV 
STRESS  CHANNELLING  A1~D  BOUNDARY  LAYERS 
ANISOTROPIC  SOLIDS 
A.  C.  Pipkin 
IN  STRONGLY 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
In traduction 
Plane  Deformations  of  Highly  Anisotropic  Materials 
Solution  in  Complex  Variables 
The  Inextensible  Theory 
Outer  and  Inner  Limits 
Boundary  Stress  Concentration  Layers 
Example:  Sheared  Sheet 
Interior  Stress  Concentration 
Interior  Stress  Concentrations.  General 
10 
Interior  Layer  through  Crack  Tip 
References 
76 
77 
77 
81 
90 
93 
100 
102 
102 
103 
lOS 
107 
117 
120 
123 
126 
128 
130 
132 
134 
137 
138 
140 
142 
145 
Contents 
V 
PROBLEMS  FOR  HELICALLY  WOUND  CYLINDERS 
T.  G.  Roger>s 
1 
Balanced  Angle-ply  Cylinders 
1.1 
Introduction 
l. 2  Kinematics  of  infinitesimal  deformations 
1.3  Stress  and  equilibrium 
1.4  Constitutive  equations 
2 
Problems  with  Axial  Symmetry 
2.1  A  simple  example  - uniform  inflation  and 
axial  extension 
2.2  Singular  stress  layers 
2.3  Example  - clamped  pressurised  cylinder 
2.4  General  axial  symmetry 
3 
Pure  Bending  of  Hollow  Cylinders 
3.1  Kinematics 
3.2  Boundary  conditions 
3.3  Special  case  tan¢ 
3.4  General  case  tan¢ 
12 
12 
4 
Large  Deformations  of  Thick-walled  Cylinders 
4.1 
Introduction 
4.2  Kinematics  and  stress 
4.3  Finite  inflation  and  extension 
References 
VI 
1 
2 
FRACTURE  MECHANICS  OF  FIBER-REINFORCED  MATERIALS 
A.  C.  Pipkin 
Introduction 
The  Inextensible  Theory. 
v 
147 
149 
151 
153 
156 
160 
164 
168 
169 
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180