FANUC 机器人系统
R-30iA 和 R-30iB 控制器
KAREL 参考手册
MARRC75KR07091E Rev D
适用于7.50及更高版本
© 2012 FANUC Robotics America Corporation
关于本手册
本手册可与标有R-30iA或R-J3iC的控制器一起使用。 如果您有一个标有R-J3iC的控制器,则
在本手册中您应将R-30iA读作R-J3iC。
版权和商标
此新出版物包含FANUC Robotics America Corporation的专有信息,仅供客户使用。未经
FANUC Robotics America Corporation明确书面许可,不得授权其他用途。
FANUC Robotics America Corporation
3900 W. Hamlin Road
罗切斯特山,MI 48309-3253
本手册中包含的说明和规格在本手册获得批准时生效。 FANUC Robotics America
Corporation,以下简称FANUC Robotics,保留随时终止型号或更改规格或设计的权利,恕
不另行通知,且不承担任何责任。
FANUC机器人手册介绍了FANUC Robotics产品和/或系统的安装,拆卸,连接,操作和编程
的说明,规格,图纸,原理图,材料清单,零件,连接和/或程序。这些系统包括机器人,扩
展轴,机器人控制器,应用软件,KAREL®编程语言,INSIGHT®视觉设备和特殊工具。
FANUC Robotics建议只允许接受过一个或多个经批准的FANUC机器人培训课程培训的人员
安装,操作,使用,执行程序,修理和/或维护FANUC Robotics的产品和/或系统。各自的组
成部分。批准的培训需要选择的课程与在客户现场安装的系统类型和应用程序相关。
警告
本设备会产生,使用并辐射射频能量,如果不按照说明手册进行安装和使用,
可能会对无线电通信造成干扰。 如法规暂时允许,尚未根据FCC规则第15部分
J部分对其符合A类计算设备的限制进行测试,该部分旨在提供针对此类干扰的
合理保护。 在住宅区中操作设备可能会造成干扰,在这种情况下,用户需要自
费采取任何可能需要的措施来纠正干扰。
i
About This Manual
MARRC75KR07091E Rev D
FANUC Robotics在其位于密歇根州罗切斯特山的总部定期开展系统和产品课程。 有关其他
信息,请联系
FANUC Robotics America Corporation
3900 W. Hamlin Road
罗切斯特山,MI 48309-3253
www.fanucrobotics.com
如需客户帮助,包括技术支持,服务,零件和零件维修以及市场推广请求,请致电1-800-47-
ROBOT(1-800-477-6268),全天24小时联系客户资源中心。 国际客户应致电
011-1-248-377-7159。
将您对本手册的意见和建议发送至:
product.documentation@fanucrobotics.com
未经事先书面同意,不得复制,复制,下载,翻译成其他语言,分发或以任何物理或电子格式
(包括互联网)发布或以任何方式传播的全部或部分信息。 FANUC Robotics
America,Inc。的简介
AccuStat®, ArcTool®, iRVision®, KAREL®, PaintTool®,PalletTool®, SOCKETS®, SpotTool®,
SpotWorks®, and TorchMate®are Registered Trademarks of FANUC Robotics.
FANUC Robotics保留所有专有权利,包括但不限于商标和商号权利,名称如下:
AccuAir™, AccuCal™, AccuChop™, AccuFlow™, AccuPath™, AccuSeal™, ARC Mate™, ARC
Mate Sr.™, ARC Mate System 1™, ARC Mate System 2™, ARC Mate System 3™, ARC Mate
System 4™, ARC Mate System 5™, ARCWorks Pro™, AssistTool™, AutoNormal™, AutoTCP™,
BellTool™, BODYWorks™, Cal Mate™, Cell Finder™, Center Finder™, Clean Wall™,
DualARM™, LR Tool™, MIG Eye™, MotionParts™, MultiARM™, NoBots™, Paint Stick™,
PaintPro™, PaintTool 100™, PAINTWorks™, PAINTWorks II™, PAINTWorks III™, PalletMate™,
PalletMate PC™, PalletTool PC™, PayloadID™, RecipTool™, RemovalTool™, Robo Chop™, Robo
Spray™, S-420i™, S-430i™, ShapeGen™, SoftFloat™, SOFT PARTS™, SpotTool+™, SR Mate™,
SR ShotTool™, SureWeld™, SYSTEM R-J2 Controller™, SYSTEM R-J3 Controller™, SYSTEM
R-J3iB Controller™, SYSTEM R-J3iC Controller™, SYSTEM R-30iA Controller™, SYSTEM
R-30iB Controller™, TCP Mate™, TorchMate™, TripleARM™, TurboMove™, visLOC™,
visPRO-3D™, visTRAC™, WebServer™, WebTP™, and YagTool™.
以下一项或多项美国专利可能与本手册中描述的FANUC机器人产品有关。
专利
ii
MARRC75KR07091E Rev D
About This Manual
FRA Patent List
4,630,567 4,639,878 4,707,647 4,708,175 4,708,580 4,942,539 4,984,745 5,238,029 5,239,739
5,272,805 5,293,107 5,293,911 5,331,264 5,367,944 5,373,221 5,421,218 5,434,489 5,644,898
5,670,202 5,696,687 5,737,218 5,823,389 5,853,027 5,887,800 5,941,679 5,959,425 5,987,726
6,059,092 6,064,168 6,070,109 6,086,294 6,122,062 6,147,323 6,204,620 6,243,621 6,253,799
6,285,920 6,313,595 6,325,302 6,345,818 6,356,807 6,360,143 6,378,190 6,385,508 6,425,177
6,477,913 6,490,369 6,518,980 6,540,104 6,541,757 6,560,513 6,569,258 6,612,449 6,703,079
6,705,361 6,726,773 6,768,078 6,845,295 6,945,483 7,149,606 7,149,606 7,211,978 7,266,422
7,399,363
FANUC LTD Patent List
4,571,694 4,626,756 4,700,118 4,706,001 4,728,872 4,732,526 4,742,207 4,835,362 4,894,596
4,899,095 4,920,248 4,931,617 4,934,504 4,956,594 4,967,125 4,969,109 4,970,370 4,970,448
4,979,127 5,004,968 5,006,035 5,008,834 5,063,281 5,066,847 5,066,902 5,093,552 5,107,716
5,111,019 5,130,515 5,136,223 5,151,608 5,170,109 5,189,351 5,267,483 5,274,360 5,292,066
5,300,868 5,304,906 5,313,563 5,319,443 5,325,467 5,327,057 5,329,469 5,333,242 5,337,148
5,371,452 5,375,480 5,418,441 5,432,316 5,440,213 5,442,155 5,444,612 5,449,875 5,451,850
5,461,478 5,463,297 5,467,003 5,471,312 5,479,078 5,485,389 5,485,552 5,486,679 5,489,758
5,493,192 5,504,766 5,511,007 5,520,062 5,528,013 5,532,924 5,548,194 5,552,687 5,558,196
5,561,742 5,570,187 5,570,190 5,572,103 5,581,167 5,582,750 5,587,635 5,600,759 5,608,299
5,608,618 5,624,588 5,630,955 5,637,969 5,639,204 5,641,415 5,650,078 5,658,121 5,668,628
5,687,295 5,691,615 5,698,121 5,708,342 5,715,375 5,719,479 5,727,132 5,742,138 5,742,144
5,748,854 5,749,058 5,760,560 5,773,950 5,783,922 5,799,135 5,812,408 5,841,257 5,845,053
5,872,894 5,887,122 5,911,892 5,912,540 5,920,678 5,937,143 5,980,082 5,983,744 5,987,591
5,988,850 6,023,044 6,032,086 6,040,554 6,059,169 6,088,628 6,097,169 6,114,824 6,124,693
6,140,788 6,141,863 6,157,155 6,160,324 6,163,124 6,177,650 6,180,898 6,181,096 6,188,194
6,208,105 6,212,444 6,219,583 6,226,181 6,236,011 6,236,896 6,250,174 6,278,902 6,279,413
6,285,921 6,298,283 6,321,139 6,324,443 6,328,523 6,330,493 6,340,875 6,356,671 6,377,869
6,382,012 6,384,371 6,396,030 6,414,711 6,424,883 6,431,018 6,434,448 6,445,979 6,459,958
6,463,358 6,484,067 6,486,629 6,507,165 6,654,666 6,665,588 6,680,461 6,696,810 6,728,417
6,763,284 6,772,493 6,845,296 6,853,881 6,888,089 6,898,486 6,917,837 6,928,337 6,965,091
6,970,802 7,038,165 7,069,808 7,084,900 7,092,791 7,133,747 7,143,100 7,149,602 7,131,848
7,161,321 7,171,041 7,174,234 7,173,213 7,177,722 7,177,439 7,181,294 7,181,313 7,280,687
7,283,661 7,291,806 7,299,713 7,315,650 7,324,873 7,328,083 7,330,777 7,333,879 7,355,725
7,359,817 7,373,220 7,376,488 7,386,367 7,464,623 7,447,615 7,445,260 7,474,939 7,486,816
7,495,192 7,501,778 7,502,504 7,508,155 7,512,459 7,525,273 7,526,121
VersaBell, ServoBell and SpeedDock Patents Pending.
约定
本手册包含对人员,设备,软件和数据安全至关重要的信息。 此信息由文本中的标题和框表
示。
iii
About This Manual
MARRC75KR07091E Rev D
警告
警告下出现的信息涉及人员保护。 它以盒装和粗体显示,以区别于其他文
本。
警告
小心下出现的信息涉及设备,软件和数据的保护。 它被装箱以将其与其他文本
区分开来。
注意NOTE旁边显示的信息涉及相关信息或有用提示。
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目录
关于本手册
..............................................................................................................................................
i
安全
.................................................................................................................................................
Chapter 1 KAREL LANGUAGE OVERVIEW ................................................................................
1.1 OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................................
1.2 KAREL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE .............................................................................
1.2.1 Overview .........................................................................................................................
1.2.2 Creating a Program ............................................................................................................
Translating a Program ........................................................................................................
1.2.3
Loading Program Logic and Data .........................................................................................
1.2.4
Executing a Program ..........................................................................................................
1.2.5
Execution History .............................................................................................................
1.2.6
Program Structure .............................................................................................................
1.2.7
SYSTEM SOFTWARE ......................................................................................................
1.3
Software Components ........................................................................................................
1.3.1
Supported Robots ..............................................................................................................
1.3.2
1.4 CONTROLLER ................................................................................................................
1.4.1 Memory ..........................................................................................................................
Input/Output System ........................................................................................................
1.4.2
1.4.3 User Interface Devices .....................................................................................................
............................................................................................
LANGUAGE ELEMENTS
Chapter 2
LANGUAGE COMPONENTS ............................................................................................
2.1
2.1.1 Character Set ....................................................................................................................
2.1.2 Operators .........................................................................................................................
2.1.3 Reserved Words ................................................................................................................
2.1.4 User-Defined Identifiers .....................................................................................................
Labels .............................................................................................................................
2.1.5
Predefined Identifiers .........................................................................................................
2.1.6
System Variables .............................................................................................................
2.1.7
2.1.8 Comments .....................................................................................................................
2.2 TRANSLATOR DIRECTIVES .......................................................................................
2.3 DATA TYPES ................................................................................................................
2.4 USER-DEFINED DATA TYPES AND STRUCTURES .........................................................
2.4.1 User-Defined Data Types ..................................................................................................
2.4.2 User-Defined Data Structures ............................................................................................
2.5 ARRAYS .......................................................................................................................
2.5.1 Multi-Dimensional Arrays ................................................................................................
2.5.2 Variable-Sized Arrays ......................................................................................................
................................................................................................
Chapter 3 USE OF OPERATORS
xxvii
1–1
1–2
1–2
1–2
1–4
1–4
1–4
1–5
1–5
1–5
1–7
1–7
1–7
1–8
1–8
1–10
1–10
2–1
2–2
2–2
2–5
2–6
2–7
2–8
2–8
2–10
2–10
2–11
2–13
2–14
2–14
2–16
2–18
2–19
2–20
3–1
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Contents
MARRC75KR07091E Rev D
EXPRESSIONS AND ASSIGNMENTS ................................................................................
3.1
3.1.1 Rule for Expressions and Assignments ..................................................................................
Evaluation of Expressions and Assignments ...........................................................................
3.1.2
3.1.3 Variables and Expressions ...................................................................................................
3.2 OPERATIONS .................................................................................................................
3.2.1 Arithmetic Operations ........................................................................................................
3.2.2 Relational Operations .........................................................................................................
3.2.3 Boolean Operations ...........................................................................................................
Special Operations .............................................................................................................
3.2.4
...............................................................................................
4.1 OVERVIEW .....................................................................................................................
PROGRAM CONTROL STRUCTURES ...............................................................................
4.2
4.2.1 Alternation Control Structures .............................................................................................
Looping Control Statements ................................................................................................
4.2.2
4.2.3 Unconditional Branch Statement ..........................................................................................
Execution Control Statements ..............................................................................................
4.2.4
4.2.5 Condition Handlers ............................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
5.1 ROUTINE EXECUTION ...................................................................................................
5.1.1 Declaring Routines ............................................................................................................
Invoking Routines .............................................................................................................
5.1.2
5.1.3 Returning from Routines ....................................................................................................
Scope of Variables .............................................................................................................
5.1.4
Parameters and Arguments ..................................................................................................
5.1.5
Stack Usage ...................................................................................................................
5.1.6
5.2 BUILT- IN ROUTINES ....................................................................................................
............................................................................................
6.1 CONDITION HANDLER OPERATIONS .............................................................................
6.1.1 Global Condition Handlers ..................................................................................................
6.2 CONDITIONS .................................................................................................................
Port_Id Conditions ............................................................................................................
6.2.1
6.2.2 Relational Conditions .........................................................................................................
System and Program Event Conditions ..................................................................................
6.2.3
6.3 ACTIONS .....................................................................................................................
6.3.1 Assignment Actions .........................................................................................................
6.3.2 Motion Related Actions ....................................................................................................
6.3.3 Routine Call Actions ........................................................................................................
6.3.4 Miscellaneous Actions .....................................................................................................
...........................................................................
7.1 OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................................
FILE VARIABLES ............................................................................................................
7.2
7.3 OPEN FILE STATEMENT .................................................................................................
Setting File and Port Attributes ............................................................................................
7.3.1
File String ......................................................................................................................
7.3.2
7.3.3 Usage String ...................................................................................................................
7.4 CLOSE FILE STATEMENT .............................................................................................
FILE INPUT/OUTPUT OPERATIONS
3–2
3–2
3–2
3–4
3–4
3–5
3–6
3–7
3–8
4–1
4–2
4–2
4–2
4–3
4–3
4–3
4–4
5–1
5–2
5–2
5–5
5–7
5–8
5–9
5–13
5–15
6–1
6–3
6–3
6–6
6–7
6–7
6–8
6–11
6–11
6–13
6–13
6–14
7–1
7–3
7–3
7–4
7–5
7–10
7–11
7–14
Chapter 6 CONDITION HANDLERS
Chapter 4 PROGRAM CONTROL
Chapter 5 ROUTINES
Chapter 7
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