2003 年上海华东师范大学中国古代史考研真题
一.名词解释(共 48 分,每题 8 分)∶
龙山文化
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
胡服骑射
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
萧规曹随
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
授时历
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
利玛窦
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
军机处
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
二.简述题(共 60 分,每题 15 分)∶
1、试析周公的"制礼作乐"。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
2、简述王莽的"托古改制"。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
3、举例说明唐朝与东邻朝鲜、日本的关系。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
4、简述明代一条鞭法的意义与作用。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
三.材料分析题(共 42 分,第 1 题 17 分,第 2 题 25 分)
1、魏正始、晋永熙以来,皆大臣当国。……至宋、齐、梁、陈诸君,则无论贤否,皆威福
自己,不肯假权于大臣。而其时高门大族,门户已成,令、仆、三司,可安流平进,不屑竭
智尽心,以邀恩宠,且风流相尚,罕以物务关怀,人主遂不能藉以集事,于是不得不用寒人。
人寒则希荣切而宣力勤,便于驱策,不觉倚之为心膂。……大臣不能体国,致人主委任下僚,
人主不信大臣,而转以群小为心膂,此皆江左之流弊也。(赵翼《廿二史割记》卷 8)
你同意赵翼的上述观点吗?说出你的理由。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
2、朋党之兴,始于君子,终不胜于小人,害乃及于宗社生民,不亡而不息,宋之有此也,
盛于熙宁,交争于元祐、绍圣,而祸烈于徽宗之世。揆其始也,则(仁宗)景祐诸公开之·…
韩、富、范、马诸公,虽以天下为己任,而不能自超于此术之上。于是石介、苏舜卿之流,
矫起于庶僚,而王素、唐介、蔡襄、余靖一唱百和,惟力是视,抑此伸彼,惟胜是求。天子
无一定之衡,大臣无一定之术,将信将疑,或起或仆,旋加诸膝,旋坠诸渊,以成波流无定
之宇。熙丰之后,纷呶之习,已早见于此,而君犹自信,曰"吾能广听大臣",且自矜曰"吾
能有容"。士竞习于浮言,揣摩当世之务,希合风尚之归,以颠倒于其笔舌……·天子不
慎于听言,而无恒鉴;大臣不自秉国成,而奖浮薄。一彼一此,以气势为荣枯,斯其所以为
宋之季世而已。(王夫之《宋论》卷 4)
结合王夫之所论,评析北宋的"朋党之兴"。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________