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2011 年 9 月公共英语四级考试真题及答案 21 23 22 of participation. 27 . The first, surge and decline theory, comes from other media forms is largely 24 26 the "black-box" linking the Internet and political participation by 25 This research is an attempt Section I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) 听力 1-20 略 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) 英语常识根据下列材料，回答 1-20 问题。 In the past decade, new scientific developments in communications have changed the way many people gather information about politics. The most important of these new is the Internet. Recent research suggests the use of the Internet for political information increases the While a (n) relationship between Internet news and political participation has been found, a theoretical link as to why the Internet is to building on two theoretical out of political science and the second, media systems dependency theory, costs and benefits of political participation. The media can by providing sufficient information to make Previous research side of the equation. One of the media's greatest public need. from a multitude of sources, one would expect it to through lowering the cost of information. Besides lowering participation costs, the media can benefits of participation. Intense media can The Internet may encourage a unique participation benefit mobilization efforts. the "costs" decisions about voting. that the Internet benefits the public through the cost is information and the of an event such as an election excitement that increases the perceived "benefit" of participating. from communications. Both explanations focus on individual on media to provide them with the in-formation they the Internet is capable of providing information 37 increase the 36 political action 30 32 40 increased 28 33 34 39 29 35 , and 31 38 21、A．technologies B．materials C．concepts D．devices 22、 A．practicability B．feasibility C．probability D．stability 23、 A．critical

B．analytical C．empirical D．technical 24、 A．specific B．unique C．particular D．peculiar 25、 A．built B．losing C．missing D．connected 26、 A．unpack B．unroll C．untie D．unfold 27、 A．experiments B．comments C．approaches D．investigations 28、 A．orientates B．initiates C．correlates D．originates 29、 A．alter B．decrease C．induce D．cover 30、 A．informed B．accepted

C．understood D．diversified 31、 A．declares B．denies C．promises D．argues 32、 A．databanks B．resources C．sources D．costs 33、 A．base B．act C．rely D．live 34、 A．Because B．While C．If D．Although 35、 A．casually B．objectively C．readily D．skillfully 36、 A．advertise B．popularize C．manage D．encourage

37、 A．also B．yet C．only D．just 38、 A．interference B．statement C．coverage D．image 39、 A．generate B．promote C．install D．expose 40、 A．for B．via C．at D．from Section III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes) 阅读理解 A Text 1 Paul Johnson's A History Of The American People is what we have come to expect from this productive writer--clear, colorful narrative, vivid character sketches, marvelous research, sweeping, confident statements, and an insistent conservative viewpoint which tempts him into serious omissions.He will not conceal his opinions, he tells us.Good.Then we can judge his history free of pretences to objectivity--his or ours. Almost at start, we notice something interesting: Johnson passes quickly over a defining moment in American history--the Columbus story--important because it is the first lesson every American schoolchild learns.How you treat that story--what you choose to tell of it--signals your view of the longer American experience, reaching to our time. In school textbooks, Columbus has always been presented as a hero.Only recently has a new set of facts--always available but ignored--begun to get into public attention: that Columbus, on landing, and desperate for gold, encountered native Americans who were peaceful and generous ( by his own admission) and tortured them,

kidnapped them, enslaved them, murdered them.John-son, who goes into much detail about other matters (like Ronald Reagan's jokes) is silent on this.Among his numerous references there is none to Bartolome de las Casas, an eyewitness, who de-scribed in detail the horrifying evils committed by Columbus and his fellowmen against the Indians, which resulted in the native population of Hispaniola being wiped out--genocide is an appropriate term--by the year 1550. I suggest this is not an innocent omission.Johnson wants us to look positively on the history of the United States.Yes, he says, there were "severe wrongs" committed in "the dispossession of a native people" and in the institution of slavery.But has the U.S., he asks at the start of his book, "made up for its organic sins"? His whole book suggests that it has, and that in doing so it has be-come (he says at the end) "a human achievement without parallel...the first, best hope for the hu-man race". Since Johnson has decided that the U.S.is "the first, best hope for the human race", he has shaped its history accordingly.If we prefer to see that history as a complex and unfinished struggle of Americans for justice, against militarism, for economic, racial and sexual equality, we are badly served by a flattering admiration of those in power, pretending to be a history of "the people". 41、The first paragraph shows that the author's opinion of the book A History Of The American People is A．critical. B．objective. C．defensive. D．admiring. 42、The way people have been treating Columbus story indicates their view of A．the American school education. B．great heroes in American history. C．the development of American history. D．the American society at present. 43、The book makes no reference to Bartolome de las Casas probably because Paul Johnson A．is a writer fond of omissions. B．isn't tempted to make references. C．bears an inborn hatred for horrifying evils. D．doesn't want to see the image of the U.S.stained. 44、The word "genocide" ( Line 8, Paragraph 3) most probably means A．killing of people of a particular race. B．driving-out of native inhabitants.

C．extinction of a whole generation. D．assimilation of ethnic groups. 45、The author would agree with the statement that the U.S. A．has compensated the natives for their earlier sufferings. B．has never committed serious evils to the natives in history. C．has not undone the wrongs committed in history. D．has become the best hope for the human race. Text 2 In the 21 st century there's no doubt that frightening new infectious diseases will appear.Today new viruses are coming out of nature and "discovering" the human species.Just since 1994, at least 30 new viruses have appeared. Viruses are moving into the human species because there are more of us all the time.From a virus' point of view, we look like a free lunch that's getting bigger.In nature viral diseases tend to break out when populations increase rapidly and become densely packed.Then many deaths occur and the population drops.This is nature's population-control mechanism.There is no reason to think the human race is free from the laws of nature. Giving these laws an extra push will be the rise of megacities--huge densely packed cities in less developed nations.A United Nations study predicts that by the year 2015, there will be 26 ex-tremely big cities on the planet.By then, some megacities could have 30 million or more people.That is approximately the total population of California.Imagine all the people in California crowded together tightly into one vast city.Then remove most doctors and medical care, take away basic sanitation and hygiene, and you have a biological "time bomb".Now make eight or ten such "bombs" and plant them around the world. Also consider the biological weapons the world will be capable of producing in the future.The 20th century saw the creation of great and terrible weapons based on the principles of nuclear physics.The 21st century will see great and terrible weapons based on the knowledge of DNA and the genetic code.As biotechnology becomes more sophisticated and powerful, biologists will learn how to mix genes of different microbes to create unnatural strains that can be turned into deadly, effective weapons. Biological weapons are a disgrace to biology.Most biologists haven't wanted to talk or even think about them.The physicists lost their innocence when the first nuclear bomb went off in 1945.The biologists will lose their innocence when the first biological weapon spreads through the human species. Yet the 20th century survived despite the existence of the nuclear bomb.There was great economic and scientific progress and much human happiness.The same can be true in the next century.We may not completely win the 21st century microbe war, but I am confident that we won't lose it. 46、Infectious diseases are more likely to occur where

A．different human races are mixed in living. B．many people live in crowded communities. C．population drops due to nature's control mechanism. D．new viruses appear for the first time. 47、It can be seen from the text that the author views extremely large cities as a(n) A．possible control mechanism of the nature. B．terrible burden in terms of public sanitation and hygiene. C．potential biological threat to human health. D．inevitable outcome of the law of nature. 48、The author implies in the text that A．weapons now fall into quite different categories. B．biological war may break out any time. C．most scientists are against nuclear weapons. D．science is liable to be used to create great evils. 49、As to the solution of the problems in the future, the author appears to be A．somewhat doubtful. B．much skeptical. C．moderately optimistic. D．extremely desperate. 50、What does the text mainly discuss? A．Threats from the new microbes in the next century. B．How new viruses affect the human society. C．What megacities may bring to human species. D．The disastrous effect of nuclear and biological weapons. Text 3 Given the fact that each person is only one of approximately 90 million voters in this country, does it make sense to believe that one person's participation, one vote, will have any impact on a major election? Simply to raise the question "What if everyone felt the same way?" does not re-move the lingering impression that a single person is made to feel insignificant by the enormous number of people who do go to the polls, especially in a national election. Supporters of the ruling elite theory insist that even though voters are given a choice among candidates, their choice is restricted to a narrow range of similar-minded individuals approved by the ruling elite.Elections do not express what most people want or need, nor do they provide guidance for politicians (even

if they want it) on what policies to enact.In this view, elections are primarily just rituals that perform a symbolic function for society. Still, since most people continue to show faces at the polls at one time or another, what argu-ments can be made in favor of voting? One argument is that voting does have significance, if not in individual impact, then in group pressure.Because citizens collectively have the power to give or withhold votes, they directly control the term in office of elected officials.Even if the choice is between Tweedledee and Tweedledum, Tweedledee knows that one must be accountable and this is fixed by law, and that minimally he or she must strive to avoid displeasing the constituents to lose the job. But perhaps political effectiveness and impact in voting are not the only consideration anyway.People do not vote only to influence policy.Millions go to the effort to register and vote for a variety of other reasons as well.Some people may participate just to avoid feeling guilty about not voting.They may have been taught that is their patriotic duty to vote and that they have no right to complain about the outcome if they stay at home.Still others may vote to derive satisfaction from feeling that they are somehow participants, not just spectators, in an exciting electoral contest. Even if their one vote may not be crucial to the outcome, it nevertheless affirms their role in and support for the political process.Indeed, perhaps it is this final need that fuels the desire for full democratic participation among people in many nations of the world. 51、What is the true nature of elections according to the ruling elite theory? A．They are routine practices in a modern society. B．They are political gathering for a small number of people. C．They are deceptive schemes manipulated by the ruling party. D．They are chances for those who want to utter their wishes. 52、According to Paragraph 3, people go to the polls because they A．believe it's their responsibility to vote. B．believe their collective power makes a difference. C．want to show the strength and impact of each individual. D．don't want to risk losing their jobs. 53、"Tweedledee and Tweedledum" (Line 5, Paragraph 3 ) is used to refer to A．two voting individuals in an election. B．whatever parties in office. C．whichever candidates in an election. D．supporters in different constituencies. 54、What can be learnt from the last two paragraphs?

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2011年9月公共英语四级考试真题及答案.doc

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