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[June_Jamrich_Parsons,_Dan_Oja]Computer_Concepts.pdf
Front Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents at a Glance
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface
ORIENTATION
Section A: Getting Started
Computer Equipment
How to Turn Your Computer On and Off
Windows Basics
Mac OS X Basics
Mouse Basics
Keyboard Basics
Working with Windows Software
Working with Mac Software
Help
QuickCheck A
Section B: Documents, Browsers, and E-mail
Creating Documents
Internet and Web Basics
How to Use a Web Browser and Search Engine
Working with E-mail
QuickCheck B
Section C: Security and Privacy
Securing Your Computer and Data
Avoiding Viruses
Preventing Intrusions
Blocking Spyware and Pop-up Ads
Protecting E-commerce Transactions
Avoiding E-mail Scams
Protecting Your Privacy
Safe Social Networking
Onlline Privacy and Safety Guidelines
QuickCheck C
Section D: BookOnCD
BookOnCD Basics
Multimedia and Computer-Scored Activities
New Perspectives Labs
Tracking Your Scores
QuickCheck D
Section E: NP2011 Web Site
Web Site Resources
Web Site Access
Web Site Tour
Student Edition Labs
QuickCheck E
Chapter 1 COMPUTER AND DIGITAL BASICS
Section A: All Things Digital
The Digital Revolution
Convergence
Digital Society
QuickCheck A
Section B: Digital Devices
Computer Basics
Personal Computers, Servers, Mainframes, and Supercomputers
PDAs, Smart Phones, and Portable Media Players
Microcontrollers
QuickCheck B
Section C: Digital Data Representation
Data Representation Basics
Representing Numbers, Text, and Pictures
Quantifying Bits and Bytes
Circuits and Chips
QuickCheck C
Section D: Digital Processing
Programs and Instruction Sets
Processor Logic
QuickCheck D
Section E: Password Security
Authentication Protocols
Password Hacks
Secure Passwords
QuickCheck E
Issue: Are You Being Tracked?
Computers in Context: Marketing
New Perspectives Labs
Review Activities
Key Terms
Interactive Summary
Interactive Situation Questions
Interactive Practice Tests
Learning Objectives Checkpoints
Projects
On the Web
Chapter 2 COMPUTER HARDWARE
Section A: Personal Computer Basics
Personal Computer Systems
Desktop and Portable Computers
Home, Game, and Small Business Systems
Buying Computer System Components
QuickCheck A
Section B: Microprocessors and Memory
Microprocessor Basics
Today’s Microprocessors
Random Access Memory
Read-Only Memory
EEPROM
QuickCheck B
Section C: Storage Devices
Storage Basics
Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology
CD, DVD, and Blu-ray Technology
Solid State Storage
Storage Wrapup
QuickCheck C
Section D: Input and Output Devices
Basic Input Devices
Display Devices
Printers
Installing Peripheral Devices
QuickCheck D
Section E: Hardware Security
Anti-Theft Devices
Surge Protection and Battery Backup
Basic Maintenance
Troubleshooting and Repair
QuickCheck E
Issue: Where Does All the E-garbage Go?
Computers in Context: Military
New Perspectives Labs
Review Activities
Key Terms
Interactive Summary
Interactive Situation Questions
Interactive Practice Tests
Learning Objectives Checkpoints
Projects
On the Web
Chapter 3 COMPUTER SOFTWARE
Section A: Software Basics
Software Categories
Application Software
Utility Software
Device Drivers
QuickCheck A
Section B: Popular Applications
Document Production Software
Spreadsheet Software
Number Crunching” Software
Database Software
Graphics Software
Music Software
Video Editing and DVD Authoring Software
Educational and Reference Software
Entertainment Software
Business Software
QuickCheck B
Section C: Buying Software
Consumer Basics
Software Copyrights and Licenses
QuickCheck C
Section D: Installing Software and Upgrades
Installation Basics
Installing Local Applications
Installing Portable Software and Web Apps
Software Updates
Uninstalling Software
QuickCheck D
Section E: Security Software
Security Software Basics
Security Suites
Antivirus Modules
QuickCheck E
Issue: How Serious Is Software Piracy?
Computers in Context: Journalism
New Perspectives Labs
Review Activities
Key Terms
Interactive Summary
Software Key Terms
Interactive Situation Questions
Interactive Practice Tests
Learning Objectives Checkpoints
Projects
On the Web
Chapter 4 OPERATING SYSTEMS AND FILE MANAGEMENT
Section A: Operating System Basics
Operating System Activities
User Interfaces
The Boot Process
QuickCheck A
Section B: Today’s Operating Systems
Microsoft Windows
Mac OS
UNIX and Linux
DOS
Handheld Operating Systems
QuickCheck B
Section C: File Basics
File Names and Extensions
File Directories and Folders
File Formats
QuickCheck C
Section D: File Management
Application-based File Management
File Management Utilities
File Management Metaphors
Windows Explorer
File Management Tips
Physical File Storage
QuickCheck D
Section E: Backup Security
Backup Basics
File Copies and Synchronization
System Synchronization
File and System Backup
Bare-Metal Restore and Virtual Machines
QuickCheck E
Issue: Cyberterrorists or Pranksters?
Computers in Context: Law Enforcement
New Perspectives Labs
Review Activities
Key Terms
Interactive Summary
Interactive Situation Questions
Interactive Practice Tests
Learning Objectives Checkpoints
Projects
On the Web
Chapter 5 LANS AND WLANS
Section A: Network Building Blocks
Network Classifications
LAN Standards
Network Devices
Clients, Servers, and Peers
Physical Topology
Network Links
Communications Protocols
QuickCheck A
Section B: Wired Networks
Wired Network Basics
HomePNA and Powerline Networks
Ethernet
Ethernet Equipment
Ethernet Setup
QuickCheck B
Section C: Wireless Networks
Wireless Basics
Bluetooth
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi Equipment
Wi-Fi Setup
QuickCheck C
Section D: Using LANs
LAN Advantages and Challenges
Sharing Files
Sharing Printers
LAN Parties
Troubleshooting
QuickCheck D
Section E: Security Through Encryption
Wi-Fi Security
Encryption
QuickCheck E
Issue: Who’s Stealing My Signals?
Computers in Context: Education
New Perspectives Labs
Review Activities
Key Terms
Interactive Summary
Interactive Situation Questions
Interactive Practice Tests
Learning Objectives Checkpoints
Projects
On the Web
Chapter 6 THE INTERNET
Section A: Internet Technology
Background
Internet Infrastructure
Internet Protocols, Addresses, and Domains
Connection Speed
QuickCheck A
Section B: Fixed Internet Access
Dial-up Connections
DSL, ISDN, and Dedicated Lines
Cable Internet Service
Satellite Internet Service
Fixed Wireless Service
Fixed Internet Connection Roundup
QuickCheck B
Section C: Portable and Mobile Internet Access
Internet to Go
Wi-Fi Hotspots
Portable and Mobile WiMAX
Portable Satellite Service
Cellular Data Services
QuickCheck C
Section D: Internet Services
Real-Time Messaging
Voice Over IP
Grid Computing
FTP
File Sharing
QuickCheck D
Section E: Internet Security
Intrusion Attempts
Securing Ports
Routers and NAT
Virtual Private Networks
QuickCheck E
Issue: What’s Happening to Free Speech?
Computers in Context: Banking
New Perspectives Labs
Review Activities
Key Terms
Interactive Summary
Interactive Situation Questions
Interactive Practice Tests
Learning Objectives Checkpoints
Projects
On the Web
Chapter 7 THE WEB AND E-MAIL
Section A: Web Technology
Web Basics
HTML
HTTP
Web Browsers
Cookies
Web Page Authoring
HTML Scripts
QuickCheck A
Section B: Search Engines
Search Engine Basics
Formulating Searches
Citing Web-based Source Material
QuickCheck B
Section C: E-commerce
E-commerce Basics
Online Shopping
Online Auctions
Online Payment
QuickCheck C
Section D: E-mail
E-mail Overview
Netiquette
E-mail Technology
QuickCheck D
Section E: Web and E-mail Security
Cookie Exploits
Spam
Phishing
Fake Sites
QuickCheck E
Issue: Who’s Reading Your E-mail?
Computers in Context: Fashion Industry
New Perspectives Labs
Review Activities
Key Terms
Interactive Summary
Interactive Situation Questions
Interactive Practice Tests
Learning Objectives Checkpoints
Projects
On the Web
Chapter 8 DIGITAL MEDIA
Section A: Digital Sound
Digital Audio Basics
Portable Audio Players
MIDI Music
Speech Recognition and Synthesis
QuickCheck A
Section B: Bitmap Graphics
Bitmap Basics
Scanners and Cameras
Image Resolution
Color Depth and Palettes
Image Compression
Bitmap Graphics Formats
QuickCheck B
Section C: Vector and 3-D Graphics
Vector Graphics Basics
Vector-to-Bitmap Conversion
Vector Graphics on the Web
3-D Graphics
QuickCheck C
Section D: Digital Video
Digital Video Basics
Producing Video Footage
Video Transfer
Video Editing
Video Output
Desktop, PDA, and Web Video
DVD-Video
QuickCheck D
Section E: Digital Rights Management
DRM Basics
Signal Scrambling and Digital Watermarks
CD Copy Protection
DVD and Blue-ray DRM
DRM for Digital Downloads
QuickCheck E
Issue: What Happened to Fair Use?
Computers in Context: Film
New Perspectives Labs
Review Activities
Key Terms
Interactive Summary
Interactive Situation Questions
Interactive Practice Tests
Learning Objectives Checkpoints
Projects
On the Web
Chapter 9 THE COMPUTER INDUSTRY: HISTORY, CAREERS, AND ETHIES
Section A: Computer History
Manual Calculators
Mechanical Calculators
Computer Prototypes
Generations of Computers
Personal Computers
QuickCheck A
Section B: The Computer and IT Industries
Industry Overview
Economic Factors
Product Development
Market Share
Marketing Channels
Industry Regulation
QuickCheck B
Section C: Careers for Computer Professionals
Jobs and Salaries
Education and Certification
Job Hunting Basics
Resumes and Web Portfolios
Job Listings
QuickCheck C
Section D: Professional Ethics
Ethics Basics
IT Ethics
Ethical Decision Making
Whistleblowing
QuickCheck D
Section E: Work Area Safety and Ergonomics
Radiation Risks
Repetitive Stress Injuries
Eye Strain
Back Pain
Sedentary Lifestyle
QuickCheck E
Issue: Why Are So Many Tech Jobs Heading Offshore?
Computers in Context: Travel
New Perspectives Labs
Review Activities
Key Terms
Interactive Summary
Interactive Situation Questions
Interactive Practice Tests
Learning Objectives Checkpoints
Projects
On the Web
Chapter 10 INFORMATION SYSTEM ANALAYSIS AND DESIGN
Section A: Information Systems
Information Systems in Organizations
Transaction Processing Systems
Management Information Systems
Decision Support Systems
Expert Systems and Neural Networks
QuickCheck A
Section B: Systems Analysis
System Development Life Cycle
Planning Phase
Analysis Phase
Documentation Tools
QuickCheck B
Section C: System Design
Design Phase
Evaluation and Selection
Application Specifications
QuickCheck C
Section D: Implementation and Maintenance
Implementation Phase
Development and Testing
Documentation and Training
Conversion and Cutover
Maintenance Phase
QuickCheck D
Section E: Corporate Data Security
Information System Data Vulnerabilities
Information System Data Security
Corporate Identity Theft
QuickCheck E
Issue: What’s Wrong with Online Voting?
Computers in Context: Architecture and Construction
New Perspectives Labs
Review Activities
Key Terms
Interactive Summary
Interactive Situation Questions
Interactive Practice Tests
Learning Objectives Checkpoints
Projects
On the Web
Chapter 11 DATABASES
Section A: File and Database Concepts
Database Basics
Database Models
QuickCheck A
Section B: Data Management Tools
Data Management Software
Database Management Systems
Databases and the Web
XML
QuickCheck B
Section C: Database Design
Defining Fields
Normalization
Organizing Records
Designing the Interface
Designing Report Templates
Loading Data
QuickCheck C
Section D: SQL
SQL Basics
Adding Records
Searching for Information
Updating Fields
Joining Tables
QuickCheck D
Section E: Database Security
Database Vulnerabilities
Database Security Measures
Database Security Regulations
What Individuals Can Do
QuickCheck E
Issue: Do You Want a National ID Card?
Computers in Context: Medicine
New Perspectives Labs
Review Activities
Key Terms
Interactive Summary
Interactive Situation Questions
Interactive Practice Tests
Learning Objectives Checkpoints
Projects
On the Web
Chapter 12 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
Section A: Programming Basics
Computer Programming and Software Engineering
Programming Languages and Paradigms
Program Planning
Program Coding
Program Testing and Documentation
Programming Tools
QuickCheck A
Section B: Procedural Programming
Algorithms
Expressing an Algorithm
Sequence, Selection, and Repetition Controls
Procedural Languages and Applications
QuickCheck B
Section C: Object-Oriented Programming
Objects and Classes
Inheritance
Methods and Messages
Object-Oriented Program Structure
Object-Oriented Languages and Applications
QuickCheck C
Section D: Declarative Programming
The Declarative Paradigm
Prolog Facts
Prolog Rules
Input Capabilities
Declarative Languages and Applications
QuickCheck D
Section E: Secure Programming
Black Hat Exploits
Secure Software Development
Mitigation
QuickCheck E
Issue: Who’s Minding the Asylum?
Computers in Context: Agriculture
New Perspectives Labs
Review Activities
Key Terms
Interactive Summary
Interactive Situation Questions
Interactive Practice Tests
Learning Objectives Checkpoints
Projects
On the Web
QuickCheck Answers
Credits
Glossary
Index
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New Perspectives on Computer Concepts,
2011, Comprehensive
June Jamrich Parsons, Dan Oja
Executive Editor: Marie Lee
Senior Product Manager: Kathy Finnegan
Product Managers: Katherine C. Russillo,
Leigh Hefferon
Associate Acquisitions Editor: Brandi Shailer
Developmental Editor: Fran Marino
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Printed in the United States of America
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 14 13 12 11 10
TABLE OF CONTENTS
i i i
CONTENTS AT A GLANCE
ORIENTATION
CHAPTER 3
Upgrades
162 Section E: Security Software
170 Issue: How Serious Is Software Piracy?
Issue: Are You Being Tracked?
CHAPTER 2
CHAPTER 1
Computers and Digital Basics
Section A: All Things Digital
O-2 Orientation
O-4 Section A: Getting Started
O-14 Section B: Documents, Browsers, and E-mail
O-22 Section C: Security and Privacy
O-32 Section D: BookOnCD
O-40 Section E: NP2011 Web Site
2
4
14 Section B: Digital Devices
22 Section C: Digital Data Representation
29 Section D: Digital Processing
34 Section E: Password Security
42
44 Computers in Context: Marketing
46 New Perspectives Labs
47 Review Activities
53 On the Web
54 Computer Hardware
56
67
76 Section C: Storage Devices
88 Section D: Input and Output Devices
98
106 Issue: Where Does All the e-Garbage Go?
108 Computers in Context: Military
110 New Perspectives Labs
111 Review Activities
117 On the Web
118 Computer Software
120 Section A: Software Basics
125 Section B: Popular Applications
143 Section C: Buying Software
152 Section D: Installing Software and
Section A: Personal Computer Basics
Section B: Microprocessors and Memory
Section E: Hardware Security
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 4
172 Computers in Context: Journalism
174 New Perspectives Labs
175 Review Activities
181 On the Web
182 Operating Systems and File Management
184 Section A: Operating System Basics
194 Section B: Today’s Operating Systems
204 Section C: File Basics
212 Section D: File Management
222 Section E: Backup Security
232 Issue: Cyberterrorists or Pranksters?
234 Computers in Context: Law Enforcement
236 New Perspectives Labs
237 Review Activities
243 On the Web
244 LANs and WLANs
246 Section A: Network Building Blocks
256 Section B: Wired Networks
265 Section C: Wireless Networks
274 Section D: Using LANs
282 Section E: Security Through Encryption
288 Issue: Who’s Stealing My Signals?
290 Computers in Context: Education
292 New Perspectives Labs
293 Review Activities
299 On the Web
CHAPTER 6
300 The Internet
302 Section A: Internet Technology
312 Section B: Fixed Internet Access
322 Section C: Portable and Mobile Internet Access
330 Section D: Internet Services
340 Section E: Internet Security
346 Issue: What’s Happening to Free Speech?
348 Computers in Context: Banking
350 New Perspectives Labs
351 Review Activities
357 On the Web
i v
CONTENTS AT A GLANCE
CHAPTER 7
358 The Web and E-mail
360 Section A: Web Technology
374 Section B: Search Engines
384 Section C: E-commerce
392 Section D: E-mail
400 Section E: Web and E-mail Security
408 Issue: Who’s Reading Your E-mail?
410 Computers in Context: Fashion Industry
412 New Perspectives Labs
413 Review Activities
419 On the Web
CHAPTER 8
420 Digital Media
422 Section A: Digital Sound
430 Section B: Bitmap Graphics
444 Section C: Vector and 3-D Graphics
452 Section D: Digital Video
464 Section E: Digital Rights Management
472 Issue: What Happened to Fair Use?
474 Computers in Context: Film
476 New Perspectives Labs
477 Review Activities
483 On the Web
484 The Computer Industry: History, Careers,
486 Section A: Computer History
497 Section B: The Computer and IT Industries
510 Section C: Careers for Computer
523 Section D: Professional Ethics
534 Section E: Work Area Safety and
542 Issue: Why Are So Many Tech Jobs
544 Computers in Context: Travel
546 New Perspectives Labs
547 Review Activities
553 On the Web
Heading Offshore?
CHAPTER 9
Professionals
and Ethics
Ergonomics
Construction
Maintenance
CHAPTER 11
CHAPTER 10
554 Information Systems Analysis and Design
556 Section A: Information Systems
566 Section B: Systems Analysis
576 Section C: System Design
583 Section D: Implementation and
590 Section E: Corporate Data Security
596 Issue: What’s Wrong with Online Voting?
598 Computers in Context: Architecture and
600 New Perspectives Labs
601 Review Activities
607 On the Web
608 Databases
610 Section A: File and Database Concepts
622 Section B: Data Management Tools
633 Section C: Database Design
645 Section D: SQL
653 Section E: Database Security
660 Issue: Do You Want a National ID Card?
662 Computers in Context: Medicine
664 New Perspectives Labs
665 Review Activities
671 On the Web
672 Computer Programming
674 Section A: Programming Basics
689 Section B: Procedural Programming
702 Section C: Object-Oriented Programming
713 Section D: Declarative Programming
723 Section E: Secure Programming
730 Issue: Who’s Minding the Asylum?
732 Computers in Context: Agriculture
734 New Perspectives Labs
735 Review Activities
741 On the Web
742 QUICKCHECK ANSWERS
746 CREDITS
748 GLOSSARY
778 INDEX
CHAPTER 12
v
SECTION A, CHAPTER 12
O-30 Safe Social Networking
O-31 Onlline Privacy and Safety Guidelines
O-31 QuickCheck C
O-32 Section D: BookOnCD
O-32 BookOnCD Basics
O-35 Multimedia and Computer-Scored Activities
O-36 New Perspectives Labs
O-37 Tracking Your Scores
O-39 QuickCheck D
O-40 Section E: NP2011 Web Site
O-40 Web Site Resources
O-41 Web Site Access
O-42 Web Site Tour
O-43 Student Edition Labs
O-43 QuickCheck E
TABLE OF CONTENTS
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ORIENTATION
O-4 Section A: Getting Started
O-4 Computer Equipment
O-5 How to Turn Your Computer On and Off
O-6 Windows Basics
O-7 Mac OS X Basics
O-8 Mouse Basics
O-9 Keyboard Basics
O-10 Working with Windows Software
O-12 Working with Mac Software
O-13 Help
O-13 QuickCheck A
O-14
Section B: Documents, Browsers, and
E-mail
O-14 Creating Documents
O-16
O-16
Internet and Web Basics
How to Use a Web Browser and Search
Engine
O-19 Working with E-mail
O-21 QuickCheck B
O-22 Section C: Security and Privacy
O-22 Securing Your Computer and Data
O-23 Avoiding Viruses
O-24 Preventing Intrusions
O-25 Blocking Spyware and Pop-up Ads
O-26 Protecting E-commerce Transactions
O-27 Avoiding E-mail Scams
O-29 Protecting Your Privacy
v i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1
COMPUTERS AND DIGITAL
BASICS
The Digital Revolution
4 Section A: All Things Digital
4
8 Convergence
10 Digital Society
13
QuickCheck A
and Supercomputers
14 Section B: Digital Devices
14 Computer Basics
16 Personal Computers, Servers, Mainframes,
19 PDAs, Smart Phones, and Portable Media
20 Microcontrollers
21
Players
QuickCheck B
22 Section C: Digital Data Representation
22 Data Representation Basics
23 Representing Numbers, Text, and Pictures
26 Quantifying Bits and Bytes
27 Circuits and Chips
28
QuickCheck C
29 Section D: Digital Processing
29 Programs and Instruction Sets
31 Processor Logic
33
QuickCheck D
34 Section E: Password Security
34 Authentication Protocols
36 Password Hacks
38 Secure Passwords
41
QuickCheck E
42
Issue: Are You Being Tracked?
44 Computers in Context: Marketing
46 New Perspectives Labs
Interactive Summary
Interactive Situation Questions
Interactive Practice Tests
47 Review Activities
47 Key Terms
48
50
50
51 Learning Objectives Checkpoints
52 Projects
and Concept Map
53 On the Web
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