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国际系统工程学会-系统工程手册（V4.0）.pdf
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
INCOSE Notices
History of Changes
Preface
List of Figures
List of Tables
Chapter 1 Systems Engineering Handbook Scope
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Application
1.3 Contents
1.4 Format
1.5 Definitions of Frequently Used Terms
Chapter 2 Systems Engineering Overview
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Definitions and Concepts of a System
2.2.1 General System Concepts
2.2.2 Scientific Terminology Related to System Concepts
2.2.3 General Systems Methodologies
2.3 The Hierarchy within a System
2.4 Definition of Systems of Systems
2.5 Enabling Systems
2.6 Definition of Systems Engineering
2.7 Origins and Evolution of Systems Engineering
2.8 Use and Value of Systems Engineering
2.8.1 SE Effectiveness
2.8.2 SE ROI
2.9 Systems Science and Systems Thinking
2.9.1 Systems Science
2.9.2 Systems Thinking
2.9.3 Considerations for Systems Engineers
2.10 Systems Engineering Leadership
2.11 Systems Engineering Professional Development
2.11.1 SE Professional Ethics
2.11.2 Professional Certification
Chapter 3 Generic Life Cycle Stages
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Life Cycle Characteristics
3.2.1 Three Aspects of the Life Cycle
3.2.2 Decision Gates
3.3 Life Cycle Stages
3.3.1 Concept Stage
3.3.2 Development Stage
3.3.3 Production Stage
3.3.4 Utilization Stage
3.3.5 Support Stage
3.3.6 Retirement Stage
3.4 Life Cycle Approaches
3.4.1 Iteration and Recursion
3.4.2 Sequential Methods
3.4.3 Incremental and Iterative Methods
3.5 What Is Best for Your Organization, Project, or Team?
3.6 Introduction to Case Studies
3.6.1 Case 1: Radiation Therapy—The Therac-25
3.6.2 Case 2: Joining Two Countries—The Øresund Bridge
3.6.3 Case 3: Prototype System—The Superhigh-Speed Train in China
3.6.4 Case 4: Cybersecurity Considerations in Systems Engineering—The Stuxnet Attack on a Cyber-Physical System
3.6.5 Case 5: Design for Maintainability—Incubators
Chapter 4 Technical Processes
4.1 Business or Mission Analysis Process
4.1.1 Overview
4.1.2 Elaboration
4.2 Stakeholder Needs and Requirements Definition Process
4.2.1 Overview
4.2.2 Elaboration
4.3 System Requirements Definition Process
4.3.1 Overview
4.3.2 Elaboration
4.4 Architecture Definition Process
4.4.1 Overview
4.4.2 Elaboration
4.5 Design Definition Process
4.5.1 Overview
4.5.2 Elaboration
4.6 System Analysis Process
4.6.1 Overview
4.6.2 Elaboration
4.7 Implementation Process
4.7.1 Overview
4.7.2 Elaboration
4.8 Integration Process
4.8.1 Overview
4.8.2 Elaboration
4.9 Verification Process
4.9.1 Overview
4.9.2 Elaboration
4.10 Transition Process
4.10.1 Overview
4.11 Validation Process
4.11.1 Overview
4.11.2 Elaboration
4.12 Operation Process
4.12.1 Overview
4.12.2 Elaboration
4.13 Maintenance Process
4.13.1 Overview
4.13.2 Elaboration
4.14 Disposal Process
4.14.1 Overview
Chapter 5 Technical Management Processes
5.1 Project Planning Process
5.1.1 Overview
5.1.2 Elaboration
5.2 Project Assessment and Control Process
5.2.1 Overview
5.3 Decision Management Process
5.3.1 Overview
5.3.2 Elaboration
5.4 Risk Management Process
5.4.1 Overview
5.4.2 Elaboration
5.5 Configuration Management Process
5.5.1 Overview
5.5.2 Elaboration
5.6 Information Management Process
5.6.1 Overview
5.6.2 Elaboration
5.7 Measurement Process
5.7.1 Overview
5.7.2 Elaboration
5.8 Quality Assurance Process
5.8.1 Overview
5.8.2 Elaboration
Chapter 6 Agreement Processes
6.1 Acquisition Process
6.1.1 Overview
6.2 Supply Process
6.2.1 Overview
Chapter 7 Organizational Project-Enabling Processes
7.1 Life Cycle Model Management Process
7.1.1 Overview
7.1.2 Elaboration
7.2 Infrastructure Management Process
7.2.1 Overview
7.2.2 Elaboration
7.3 Portfolio Management Process
7.3.1 Overview
7.3.2 Elaboration
7.4 Human Resource Management Process
7.4.1 Overview
7.4.2 Elaboration
7.5 Quality Management Process
7.5.1 Overview
7.5.2 Elaboration
7.6 Knowledge Management Process
7.6.1 Overview
7.6.2 Elaboration
Chapter 8 Tailoring process and Application of Systems Engineering
8.1 Tailoring Process
8.1.1 Overview
8.1.2 Elaboration
8.2 Tailoring for Specific Product Sector or Domain Application
8.2.1 Automotive Systems
8.2.2 Biomedical and Healthcare Systems
8.2.3 Defense and Aerospace Systems
8.2.4 Infrastructure Systems
8.2.5 Space Systems
8.2.6 (Ground) Transportation Systems
8.3 Application of Systems Engineering for Product Line Management
8.3.1 Product Line Scoping
8.4 Application of Systems Engineering for Services
8.4.1 Fundamentals of Service
8.4.2 Properties of Services
8.4.3 Scope of Service SE
8.4.4 Value of Service SE
8.5 Application of Systems Engineering for Enterprises
8.5.1 Enterprise
8.5.2 Creating Value
8.5.3 Capabilities in the Enterprise
8.5.4 Enterprise Transformation
8.6 Application of Systems Engineering for Very Small and Micro Enterprises
Chapter 9 Cross-Cutting Systems Engineering Methods
9.1 Modeling and Simulation
9.1.1 Models versus Simulations
9.1.2 Purpose of Modeling
9.1.3 Model Scope
9.1.4 Types of Models and Simulations
9.1.5 Developing Models and Simulations
9.1.6 Model and Simulation Integration
9.1.7 Model Management
9.1.8 Modeling Standards
9.1.9 Modeling Languages
9.1.10 Modeling and Simulation Tools
9.1.11 Indicators of Model Quality
9.1.12 Model and Simulation-Based Metrics
9.2 Model-Based Systems Engineering
9.2.1 MBSE Overview
9.3 Functions-Based Systems Engineering Method
9.3.1 Introduction
9.3.2 FBSE Tools
9.3.3 FBSE Measures
9.4 Object-Oriented Systems Engineering Method
9.4.1 Introduction
9.4.2 Method Overview
9.4.3 Applying OOSEM
9.5 Prototyping
9.6 Interface Management
9.6.1 Interface Analysis Methods
9.7 Integrated Product and Process Development
9.7.1 IPDT Overview
9.7.2 IPDT Process
9.7.3 Potential IPDT Pitfalls
9.8 Lean Systems Engineering
9.8.1 Value
9.8.2 Waste in Product Development
9.8.3 Lean Principles
9.9 Agile Systems Engineering
9.9.1 Agile SE Framework
9.9.2 Agile Metric Framework
9.9.3 Agile Architectural Framework
9.9.4 Agile Architectural Design Principles
Chapter 10 Specialty Engineering Activities
10.1 Affordability/Cost-Effectiveness/ Life Cycle Cost Analysis
10.1.1 Affordability Concepts
10.1.2 Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
10.1.3 LCC Analysis
10.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility
10.3 Environmental Engineering/Impact Analysis
10.4 Interoperability Analysis
10.5 Logistics Engineering
10.5.1 Support Elements
10.5.2 Supportability Analysis
10.6 Manufacturing and Producibility Analysis
10.7 Mass Properties Engineering
10.8 Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability
10.8.1 Reliability
10.8.2 Availability
10.8.3 Maintainability
10.8.4 Relationship with Other Engineering Disciplines
10.9 Resilience Engineering
10.9.1 Introduction
10.9.2 Description
10.10 System Safety Engineering
10.10.1 The Role of SE in System Safety
10.10.2 Identify and Integrate System Safety Requirements
10.10.3 Identify, Analyze, and Categorize Hazards
10.10.4 Verify and Validate System Safety Requirements
10.10.5 Assess Safety Risk
10.10.6 Summary
10.11 System Security Engineering
10.11.1 Systems Engineer and System Security Engineer Roles and Responsibilities
10.11.2 System Security Engineering Activities for Requirements
10.11.3 System Security Engineering for Architecture Definition and Design Definition
10.11.4 System Security Engineering Activities for Verification and Validation
10.11.5 System Security Engineering Activities for Maintenance and Disposal
10.11.6 System Security Engineering Activities for Risk Management
10.11.7 System Security Engineering Activities for Configuration and Information Management
10.11.8 System Security Engineering Activities for Acquisition and Supply
10.12 Training Needs Analysis
10.13 Usability Analysis/Human Systems Integration
10.13.1 HSI Is Integral to the SE Process
10.13.2 Technical and Management HSI Processes
10.14 Value Engineering
10.14.1 Systems Engineering Applicability
10.14.2 VE Job Plan
10.14.3 FAST Diagram
10.14.4 VE Certification
10.14.5 Conclusion
Appendix A: References
Appendix B: Acronyms
Appendix C: Terms and Definitions
Appendix D: N2 Diagram of Systems Engineering Processes
Appendix E: Input/Output Descriptions
Appendix F: Acknowledgments
SEH V4 Contributions
Appendix G: Comment Form
Index
EULA
SyStemS engineering
Handbook
SyStemS engineering
Handbook
a gUide For SyStem LiFe CyCLe
ProCeSSeS and aCtiVitieS
FoUrtH edition
inCoSe-tP-2003-002-04
2015
Prepared by:
international Council on Systems engineering (inCoSe)
7670 opportunity rd, Suite 220
San diego, Ca, USa 92111‐2222
Compiled and edited by:
daVid d. WaLden, eSeP
garry J. roedLer, eSeP
keVin J. ForSberg, eSeP
r. doUgLaS HameLin
tHomaS m. SHorteLL, CSeP
Copyright © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey
Published simultaneously in Canada
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data:
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-118-99940-0 (cloth)
Systems engineering handbook : a guide for system life cycle processes and activities / prepared by International Council on Systems
Engineering (INCOSE) ; compiled and edited by, David D. Walden, ESEP, Garry J. Roedler, ESEP, Kevin J. Forsberg, ESEP,
R. Douglas Hamelin, Thomas M. Shortell, CSEP. – 4th edition.
1. Systems engineering–Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Product life cycle–Handbooks, manuals, etc.
II. Roedler, Garry J., editor.
VI. International Council on Systems Engineering.
TA168.S8724 2015
620.001′1–dc23
I. Walden, David D., editor.
III. Forsberg, Kevin, editor.
IV. Hamelin, R. Douglas, editor. V. Shortell, Thomas M., editor.
2014039630
ISBN: 9781118999400
Set in 10/12pt Times LT Std by SPi Publisher Services, pondicherry, India
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1 2015
conTenTs
Incose notices
History of changes
Preface
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 systems engineering Handbook scope
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Application
1.3 Contents
1.4 Format
1.5 Definitions of Frequently Used Terms
2 systems engineering overview
Introduction
2.1
2.2 Definitions and Concepts of a System
2.3 The Hierarchy within a System
2.4 Definition of Systems of Systems
2.5 Enabling Systems
2.6 Definition of Systems Engineering
2.7 Origins and Evolution of
Systems Engineering
2.8 Use and Value of Systems Engineering
2.9 Systems Science and Systems Thinking
2.10 Systems Engineering Leadership
2.11 Systems Engineering Professional
Development
vii
viii
ix
x
xii
1
1
1
1
3
4
5
5
5
7
8
10
11
12
13
17
21
22
3 Generic Life cycle stages
Introduction
3.1
3.2 Life Cycle Characteristics
3.3 Life Cycle Stages
3.4 Life Cycle Approaches
3.5 What Is Best for Your Organization,
Project, or Team?
Introduction to Case Studies
3.6
4 Technical Processes
4.1 Business or Mission Analysis
Process
4.2 Stakeholder Needs and Requirements
Definition Process
4.3 System Requirements Definition
Process
4.4 Architecture Definition
Process
4.5 Design Definition Process
4.6 System Analysis Process
Implementation Process
4.7
4.8
Integration Process
4.9 Verification Process
4.10 Transition Process
4.11 Validation Process
4.12 Operation Process
4.13 Maintenance Process
4.14 Disposal Process
25
25
26
27
32
36
39
47
49
52
57
64
70
74
77
79
83
88
89
95
97
101
v
vi
CONTENTS
5 Technical Management Processes
5.1 Project Planning Process
5.2 Project Assessment and Control
Process
5.3 Decision Management Process
5.4 Risk Management Process
5.5 Configuration Management Process
5.6 Information Management Process
5.7 Measurement Process
5.8 Quality Assurance Process
6 Agreement Processes
6.1 Acquisition Process
6.2 Supply Process
104
104
108
110
114
122
128
130
135
139
140
142
7 organizational Project‐enabling Processes 145
7.1 Life Cycle Model Management Process
7.2 Infrastructure Management Process
7.3 Portfolio Management Process
7.4 Human Resource Management Process
7.5 Quality Management Process
7.6 Knowledge Management Process
8 Tailoring process and Application
of systems engineering
8.1 Tailoring Process
8.2 Tailoring for Specific Product Sector
or Domain Application
8.3 Application of Systems Engineering
for Product Line Management
8.4 Application of Systems Engineering
for Services
8.5 Application of Systems Engineering
for Enterprises
8.6 Application of Systems Engineering
for Very Small and Micro Enterprises
9 cross‐cutting systems engineering
Methods
9.1 Modeling and Simulation
9.2 Model‐Based Systems Engineering
9.3 Functions‐Based Systems Engineering
Method
145
149
151
154
156
158
162
163
165
170
171
175
179
180
180
189
190
9.4 Object‐Oriented Systems
9.5
9.6
9.7
Engineering Method
Prototyping
Interface Management
Integrated Product and Process
Development
9.8
Lean Systems Engineering
9.9 Agile Systems Engineering
10 specialty engineering Activities
10.1 Affordability/Cost‐Effectiveness/
Life Cycle Cost Analysis
10.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility
10.3 Environmental Engineering/Impact
Analysis
Interoperability Analysis
10.4
10.5 Logistics Engineering
10.6 Manufacturing and Producibility
Analysis
10.7 Mass Properties Engineering
10.8 Reliability, Availability,
and Maintainability
10.9 Resilience Engineering
10.10 System Safety Engineering
10.11 System Security Engineering
10.12 Training Needs Analysis
10.13 Usability Analysis/Human Systems
Integration
10.14 Value Engineering
Appendix A: References
Appendix B: Acronyms
Appendix c: Terms and Definitions
Appendix D: n2 Diagram of systems
engineering Processes
Appendix e: Input/output Descriptions
Appendix F: Acknowledgements
Appendix G: comment Form
Index
193
197
197
199
203
207
211
211
219
220
221
222
225
225
226
229
231
234
237
237
241
246
257
261
267
269
284
286
287
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