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LEF-DEF Language Reference 5.7.pdf
Contents
Preface
What’s New
Typographic and Syntax Conventions
Character Information
LEF Syntax
About Library Exchange Format Files
General Rules
Name Escaping Semantics for LEF/DEF Files
Managing LEF Files
Order of LEF Statements
LEF Statement Definitions
Bus Bit Characters
Clearance Measure
Divider Character
Extensions
Layer (Cut)
Layer (Implant)
Layer (Masterslice or Overlap)
Layer (Routing)
Macro
Manufacturing Grid
Maximum Via Stack
Nondefault Rule
Property Definitions
Site
Units
Use Min Spacing
Version
Via
Via Rule
Via Rule Generate
ALIAS Statements
ALIAS Statements
ALIAS Definition
ALIAS Examples
ALIAS Expansion
Working with LEF
Incremental LEF
Error Checking
Message Facility
Error-Checking Facility
DEF Syntax
About Design Exchange Format Files
General Rules
Name Escaping Semantics for LEF/DEF Files
Order of DEF Statements
DEF Statement Definitions
Blockages
Bus Bit Characters
Components
Design
Die Area
Divider Character
Extensions
Fills
GCell Grid
Groups
History
Nets
Nondefault Rules
Pins
Pin Properties
Property Definitions
Regions
Rows
Scan Chains
Slots
Special Nets
Styles
Technology
Tracks
Units
Version
Vias
Examples
LEF
DEF
Scan Chain Synthesis Example
Optimizing LEF Technology for Place and Route
Overview
Guidelines for Routing Pitch
Guidelines for Wide Metal Spacing
Guidelines for Wire Extension at Vias
Guidelines for Default Vias
Guidelines for Stack Vias (MAR Vias) and Samenet Spacing
Example of an Optimized LEF Technology File
Calculating and Fixing Process Antenna Violations
Overview
What Are Process Antennas?
What Is the Process Antenna Effect (PAE)?
What Is the Antenna Ratio?
What Can Be Done to Improve the Antenna Ratio?
Using Process Antenna Keywords in the LEF and DEF Files
Calculating Antenna Ratios
Calculating the Antenna Area
Calculating a PAR
Calculating a CAR
Calculating Ratios for a Cut Layer
Checking for Antenna Violations
Area Ratio Check
Side Area Ratio Check
Cumulative Area Ratio Check
Cumulative Side Area Ratio Check
Cut Layer Process Antenna Model Examples
Routing Layer Process Antenna Model Examples
Example Using the Antenna Keywords
Using Antenna Diode Cells
Changing the Routing
Inserting Antenna Diode Cells
Using DiffUseOnly
Calculations for Hierarchical Designs
LEF and DEF Keywords for Hierarchical Designs
Design Example
Top-Down Hierarchical Design Example
Index
LEF/DEF Language Reference
Product Version 5.7
July 2012
© 2011-2012 Cadence Design Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
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Restricted Rights: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth
in FAR52.227-14 and DFAR252.227-7013 et seq. or its successor.
LEF/DEF 5.7 Language Reference
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
What’s New . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Typographic and Syntax Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Character Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1
LEF Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
About Library Exchange Format Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
General Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Name Escaping Semantics for LEF/DEF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Managing LEF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Order of LEF Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
LEF Statement Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Bus Bit Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Clearance Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Divider Character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Layer (Cut) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Layer (Implant) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Layer (Masterslice or Overlap) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Layer (Routing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Macro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Manufacturing Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
Maximum Via Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
Nondefault Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Property Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
Use Min Spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Via . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
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Via Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
Via Rule Generate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
2
ALIAS Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
ALIAS Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
ALIAS Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
ALIAS Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
ALIAS Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
3
Working with LEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Incremental LEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Error Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Message Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Error-Checking Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
4
DEF Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
About Design Exchange Format Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
General Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
Name Escaping Semantics for LEF/DEF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
Order of DEF Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
DEF Statement Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
Blockages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
Bus Bit Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Die Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Divider Character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
Fills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
GCell Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
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History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Nets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Nondefault Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
Pin Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
Property Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
Regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
Rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
Scan Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
Slots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
Special Nets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472
Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
Vias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474
A
Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
LEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
DEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
Scan Chain Synthesis Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
B
Optimizing LEF Technology for Place and Route . . . . . . . . . . . . 501
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501
Guidelines for Routing Pitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502
Guidelines for Wide Metal Spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
Guidelines for Wire Extension at Vias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505
Guidelines for Default Vias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507
Guidelines for Stack Vias (MAR Vias) and Samenet Spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509
Example of an Optimized LEF Technology File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513
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C
Calculating and Fixing Process Antenna Violations . . . . . . . . . 519
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520
What Are Process Antennas? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
What Is the Process Antenna Effect (PAE)? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522
What Is the Antenna Ratio? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523
What Can Be Done to Improve the Antenna Ratio? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523
Using Process Antenna Keywords in the LEF and DEF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524
Calculating Antenna Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
Calculating the Antenna Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
Calculating a PAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526
Calculating a CAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
Calculating Ratios for a Cut Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539
Checking for Antenna Violations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542
Area Ratio Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543
Side Area Ratio Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543
Cumulative Area Ratio Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544
Cumulative Side Area Ratio Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545
Cut Layer Process Antenna Model Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545
Routing Layer Process Antenna Model Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546
Example Using the Antenna Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552
Using Antenna Diode Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
Changing the Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554
Inserting Antenna Diode Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554
Using DiffUseOnly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554
Calculations for Hierarchical Designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
LEF and DEF Keywords for Hierarchical Designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556
Design Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556
Top-Down Hierarchical Design Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561
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Preface
This manual is a language reference for users of the Cadence® Library Exchange Format
(LEF) and Design Exchange Format (DEF) integrated circuit (IC) description languages.
LEF defines the elements of an IC process technology and associated library of cell models.
DEF defines the elements of an IC design relevant to physical layout, including the netlist and
design constraints. LEF and DEF inputs are in ASCII form.
This manual assumes that you are familiar with the development and design of integrated
circuits.
This preface provides the following information:
What’s New on page 7
Typographic and Syntax Conventions on page 7
Character Information on page 8
What’s New
For information on what is new or changed in LEF and DEF for version 5.7 see What’s New
in LEF/DEF.
Typographic and Syntax Conventions
This list describes the conventions used in this manual.
text
variable
objRegExpr
Words in monospace type indicate keywords that you must
enter literally. These keywords represent language tokens.
Words in italics indicate user-defined information for which
you must substitute a name or a value.
An object name with the identifier objRegExpr represents a
regular expression for the object name.
July 2012
7
Product Version 5.7
■
■
■
pt
|
[ ]
LEF/DEF 5.7 Language Reference
Preface
Represents a point in the design. This value corresponds to a
coordinate pair, such as x y. You must enclose a point within
parentheses, with space between the parentheses and the
coordinates. For example,
RECT ( 1000 2000 ) ( 1500 400 ).
Vertical bars separate possible choices for a single argument.
They take precedence over any other character.
Brackets denote optional arguments. When used with vertical
bars, they enclose a list of choices from which you can choose
one.
{ } ...
Braces followed by three dots indicate that you must specify the
argument at least once, but you can specify it multiple times.
{ }
...
,...
" "
Braces used with vertical bars enclose a list of choices from
which you must choose one.
Three dots indicate that you can repeat the previous argument.
If they are used with brackets, you can specify zero or more
arguments. If they are used with braces, you must specify at
least one argument, but you can specify more.
A comma and three dots together indicate that if you specify
more than one argument, you must separate those arguments
with commas.
Quotation marks enclose string values. Write quotation marks
within a string as \". Write a backslash within a string as \\.
Any characters not included in the list above are required by the language and must be
entered literally.
Character Information
LEF and DEF support the following characters:
!
$
< and >
. (period)
July 2012
8
Product Version 5.7
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