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Colorimetry. Understanding the CIE System.pdf

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    COLORIMETRY
    COLORIMETRY UNDERSTANDING THE CIE SYSTEM Edited by JA´ NOS SCHANDA University of Pannonia, Hungary WILEY-INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION
    Copyright ß 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permission. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com. Wiley Bicentennial Logo: Richard J. Pacifico Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Colorimetry : understanding the CIE system / edited by Ja´nos Schanda. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-470-04904-4 (cloth) 1. Colorimetry. I. Schanda, Ja´nos. QD113.C65 2007 5430.55–dc22 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2007026256
    CONTENTS Preface Contributors and Referees Part I Historic retrospection 1 Translation of CIE 1931 Resolutions on Colorimetry Translated by P. Bodrogi Decision 1 Decision 2 Appendix to Decision 2 Decision 3 Decision 3a Decision 4 Decision 5 2 Professor Wright’s Paper from the Golden Jubilee Book: The Historical and Experimental Background to the 1931 CIE System of Colorimetry W. D. Wright Color mixture and measurement in the Nineteenth Century American contributions to photometry and colorimetry, 1900–24 The run-up to the 1931 observer: 1924–30 The drama of 1931 Postscript to 1931 Note added in proof References xvii xxi 1 1 4 5 5 8 8 8 9 9 11 12 17 21 22 22
    vi CONTENTS Part II Colorimetric fundamentals 3 CIE Colorimetry Ja´nos Schanda Introduction CIE standard colorimetric observers The CIE 1931 standard colorimetric observer Determination of the rðlÞ; gðlÞ; bðlÞ color-matching functions Derivation of the CIE XYZ trichromatic system from the CIE RGB trichromatic system Tristimulus values and chromaticity coordinates CIE 1964 standard colorimetric observer k10 in the tristimulus values of self-luminous objects for the 10 observer k10 in the tristimulus values of non-self-luminous objects for the 10 observer Chromaticity coordinates for the 10 observer Notes on the use of the CIE 1964 standard colorimetric observer CIE illuminants and sources CIE standard illuminant A and Planckian radiators Daylight illuminants CIE standard illuminant D65 CIE illuminants CIE sources and simulators for colorimetry Source A Sources B and C Source D65 Standards and recommendations for measuring reflecting/transmitting materials Terms used in conjunction with transmission and reflection measurement Phenomena Quantities to describe reflection and transmission Measuring geometries The sample plane and influx geometry Directional geometries Quantities using different measuring geometries Nonstandard geometries Recommended geometry for transmission measurements Standards of reflectance Uniform chromaticity diagram and uniform color spaces Uniform chromaticity diagram, CIE 1976 UCS diagram CIE 1976 uniform color spaces 25 25 27 29 29 29 31 35 36 36 37 37 37 38 40 42 43 44 44 45 45 47 47 47 48 49 50 54 55 55 55 57 58 59 60
    CONTENTS CIE 1976 (Lab) color space, CIELAB color space CIE 1976 (Luv) color space, CIELUV color space Descriptors of chromaticity Dominant/complementary wavelength and purity Correlated color temperature Whiteness Metamerism Special metamerism index: change in illuminant Special metamerism index: change in observer Summary Appendix A Appendix B References 4 CIE Color Difference Metrics Klaus Witt Introduction MacAdam’s experiments on variable stimuli Adams’ and Nickerson’s contribution to color difference evaluation Constant stimuli experiments CIE 1976 color difference formulas Testing and improving CIELAB Collection of new datasets Development of CIEDE2000 Further developments References 5 Spectral Color Measurement Yoshi Ohno Introduction General practice in spectral color measurements Type of instruments Use of spectroradiometers for light source color measurement Irradiance mode Radiance mode Total flux mode Colorimetric calculation Use of spectrophotometers for object color measurements Geometries for reflectance color measurement Color calculation vii 61 64 65 65 67 68 70 71 72 74 74 75 76 79 79 80 82 83 84 88 91 91 97 98 101 101 102 102 103 104 105 106 107 107 108 109
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