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WaveWatch3手册.pdf
Introduction
About this manual
Licensing terms
Copyrights and trademarks
The WAVEWATCH III® Development Group (WW3DG)
Acknowledgments
Governing equations
Introduction
Propagation
Source terms
General concepts
Snl: Discrete Interaction Approximation (DIA)
Snl: Full Boltzmann Integral (WRT)
Snl: Generalized Multiple DIA (GMD)
Snl: Two-Scale Approximation (TSA)
Snl: Nonlinear Filter
Sin + Sds: WAM cycle 3
Sin + Sds: Tolman and Chalikov 1996
Sin + Sds: WAM cycle 4 (ECWAM)
Sin + Sds: Ardhuin et al. 2010
Sin + Sds: Zieger et al. 2015
Sln: Cavaleri and Malanotte-Rizzoli 1981
Sbot: JONSWAP bottom friction
Sbot: SHOWEX bottom friction
Smud: Dissipation by viscous mud (D&L)
Smud: Dissipation by viscous mud (Ng)
Sdb: Battjes and Janssen 1978
Str: Triad nonlinear interactions (LTA)
Sbs: Bottom scattering
Source terms for wave-ice interactions
Sice: Damping by sea ice (simple)
Sice: Damping by sea ice (generalization of Liu et al.)
Sice: Damping by sea ice (Shen et al.)
Sice: Frequency-dependent damping by sea ice
Sis: Diffusive scattering by sea ice (simple)
Sis: Floe-size dependent scattering and dissipation
Sref: Energy reflection at shorelines and icebergs
Second-order spectrum and free infragravity waves
Sxx: User defined
Air-sea processes
General concepts
Sea-state dependent : Reichl et al. 2014
Sea-state dependent : Donelan et al. 2012
Output parameters
Numerical approaches
Spectral discretization
Splitting of the wave action equation
Depth variations in time
Spatial propagation
General concepts
Traditional regular grids
First-order scheme
Second-order scheme (UNO)
Third-order scheme (UQ)
Curvilinear grids
Triangular unstructured grids
Spherical Multiple-Cell (SMC) grid
The Garden Sprinkler Effect
No GSE alleviation
Booij and Holthuijsen 1987
Spatial averaging
Unresolved obstacles
Continuously moving grids
General concepts
Rotated grids
Intra-spectral propagation
General concepts
First-order scheme
Second-order scheme (UNO)
Third-order scheme (UQ)
Non-ice source term integration
Ice source terms integration
Simple ice blocking (IC0)
Winds and currents
Use of tidal analysis
Wave crest and height space-time extremes
Spectral partitioning
Spatial and temporal tracking of wave systems
Nesting
Traditional one-way nesting
Two-way nesting
Wave Model Structure and Data Flow
Program design
The wave model routines
The data assimilation interface
Auxiliary programs
General concepts
The grid preprocessor
The initial conditions program
The boundary conditions program
The NetCDF boundary conditions program
The input field preprocessor
The NetCDF input field preprocessor
The tide prediction program
The generic shell
Automated grid splitting for ww3_multi (ww3_gspl)
The multi-grid shell
Grid Integration
Gridded output post-processor
Gridded NetCDF output post-processor
Gridded output post-processor for GrADS
Gridded GRIB output post-processor
Point output post-processor
Point output NetCDF post-processor
Point output post-processor for GrADS
Track output post-processor
Spatial and temporal tracking of wave systems
Installing, Compiling and Running the wave model
Introduction
Installing files
1
Compiling and linking
Selecting model options
Mandatory switches
Optional switches
Default model settings
Modifying the source code
Running test cases
link.gen Generic linker script. Actual script is link.
System documentation
Introduction
The preprocessor
Program files
Wave model modules
Multi-grid modules
Data assimilation module
Auxiliary programs
Optimization
Internal data storage
Grids
Distributed memory concepts.
Multiple grids
Variables in modules
Parameter settings in modules
Data structures
References
Managing multiple model versions
Setting model time steps
Individual grids
Mosaics of grids
Setting up nested runs
Using ww3_shel
Using ww3_bound and/or unstructured grids
Using ww3_multi
Setting up for distributed machines (MPI)
Model setup
Common errors
MPI point-to-point communication errors
Mosaic approach with non-regular grids
Introduction
SCRIP-WW3
SCRIP Operation
Optimization and common problems
Limitations
Ocean-Waves-Atmosphere coupling with OASIS
Introduction
Interfacing with OASIS3-MCT
Compiling with OASIS3-MCT
Launch a coupling simulation
Limitations
U. S. Department of Commerce
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Weather Service
National Centers for Environmental Prediction
5830 University Research Court
College Park, MD 20740
Technical Note
User manual and system documentation of
WAVEWATCH III R version 5.16 †
The WAVEWATCH III R Development Group ‡
(WW3DG)
Environmental Modeling Center
Marine Modeling and Analysis Branch
October 2016
To refer to this manual, please use the following citation:
The WAVEWATCH III R Development Group (WW3DG), 2016: User man-
ual and system documentation of WAVEWATCH III R version 5.16. Tech.
Note 329, NOAA/NWS/NCEP/MMAB, College Park, MD, USA, 326 pp.
+ Appendices.
† MMAB Contribution No. 329.
‡See Section 1.4 for WW3DG group description.
‡Code manager email: jessica.meixner@noaa.gov
This page is intentionally left blank.
Contents
1
Introduction
1.1 About this manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2
Licensing terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3 Copyrights and trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4 The WAVEWATCH III R Development Group (WW3DG) . .
1.5 Acknowledgments
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
1
1
3
5
5
9
2 Governing equations
11
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.1
2.2 Propagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Source terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3
2.3.1 General concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3.2
Snl: Discrete Interaction Approximation (DIA) . . . . 16
Snl: Full Boltzmann Integral (WRT) . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.3.3
Snl: Generalized Multiple DIA (GMD) . . . . . . . . . 22
2.3.4
2.3.5
Snl: Two-Scale Approximation (TSA)
. . . . . . . . . 25
Snl: Nonlinear Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.3.6
Sin + Sds: WAM cycle 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.3.7
2.3.8
Sin + Sds: Tolman and Chalikov 1996 . . . . . . . . . 32
Sin + Sds: WAM cycle 4 (ECWAM)
2.3.9
. . . . . . . . . . 39
2.3.10 Sin + Sds: Ardhuin et al. 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.3.11 Sin + Sds: Zieger et al. 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
2.3.12 Sln: Cavaleri and Malanotte-Rizzoli 1981 . . . . . . . 55
2.3.13 Sbot: JONSWAP bottom friction . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
2.3.14 Sbot: SHOWEX bottom friction . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
2.3.15 Smud: Dissipation by viscous mud (D&L)
. . . . . . . 59
2.3.16 Smud: Dissipation by viscous mud (Ng)
. . . . . . . . 60
2.3.17 Sdb: Battjes and Janssen 1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
2.3.18 Str: Triad nonlinear interactions (LTA)
. . . . . . . . 63
2.3.19 Sbs: Bottom scattering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Source terms for wave-ice interactions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Sice: Damping by sea ice (simple) . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
2.4.1
2.4.2
Sice: Damping by sea ice (generalization of Liu et al.)
69
Sice: Damping by sea ice (Shen et al.) . . . . . . . . . 70
2.4.3
Sice: Frequency-dependent damping by sea ice . . . . . 73
2.4.4
2.4.5
Sis: Diffusive scattering by sea ice (simple)
. . . . . . 75
2.4
ii
2.4.6
2.4.7
2.4.8
2.4.9
Sis: Floe-size dependent scattering and dissipation . . 76
Sref : Energy reflection at shorelines and icebergs . . . 80
Second-order spectrum and free infragravity waves . . 83
Sxx: User defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
2.5 Air-sea processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
2.5.1 General concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
2.5.2
Sea-state dependent τ : Reichl et al. 2014 . . . . . . . 88
Sea-state dependent τ : Donelan et al. 2012 . . . . . . 90
2.5.3
2.6 Output parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
3 Numerical approaches
3.4.3
3.4.4
3.4.5
3.4.6
100
Spectral discretization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
3.1
3.2
Splitting of the wave action equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
3.3 Depth variations in time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
3.4
Spatial propagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
3.4.1 General concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Traditional regular grids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
3.4.2
First-order scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Second-order scheme (UNO) . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Third-order scheme (UQ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Curvilinear grids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Triangular unstructured grids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Spherical Multiple-Cell (SMC) grid . . . . . . . . . . . 115
The Garden Sprinkler Effect
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
No GSE alleviation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Booij and Holthuijsen 1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Spatial averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
3.4.7 Unresolved obstacles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
3.4.8
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
3.4.9
Rotated grids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Intra-spectral propagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
3.5.1 General concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
First-order scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
3.5.2
3.5.3
Second-order scheme (UNO)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Third-order scheme (UQ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
3.5.4
3.6 Non-ice source term integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
3.7
Ice source terms integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Continuously moving grids
General concepts
3.5
iii
Simple ice blocking (IC0)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
3.8
3.9 Winds and currents
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
3.10 Use of tidal analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
3.11 Wave crest and height space-time extremes
. . . . . . . . . . 142
3.12 Spectral partitioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
3.13 Spatial and temporal tracking of wave systems
. . . . . . . . 147
3.14 Nesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
3.14.1 Traditional one-way nesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
3.14.2 Two-way nesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
4 Wave Model Structure and Data Flow
155
4.1 Program design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
4.2 The wave model routines
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
4.3 The data assimilation interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
4.4 Auxiliary programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
4.4.1 General concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
4.4.2 The grid preprocessor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
4.4.3 The initial conditions program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
4.4.4 The boundary conditions program . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
4.4.5 The NetCDF boundary conditions program . . . . . . 184
4.4.6 The input field preprocessor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
4.4.7 The NetCDF input field preprocessor
. . . . . . . . . 188
4.4.8 The tide prediction program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
4.4.9 The generic shell
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
4.4.10 Automated grid splitting for ww3 multi (ww3 gspl) . . 201
4.4.11 The multi-grid shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
4.4.12 Grid Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
4.4.13 Gridded output post-processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
4.4.14 Gridded NetCDF output post-processor
. . . . . . . . 220
4.4.15 Gridded output post-processor for GrADS . . . . . . . 222
4.4.16 Gridded GRIB output post-processor . . . . . . . . . . 224
4.4.17 Point output post-processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
4.4.18 Point output NetCDF post-processor . . . . . . . . . . 231
4.4.19 Point output post-processor for GrADS . . . . . . . . . 234
4.4.20 Track output post-processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
4.4.21 Spatial and temporal tracking of wave systems . . . . . 237
iv
5
6
242
Installing, Compiling and Running the wave model
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
5.1
5.2
Installing files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
5.3 Compiling and linking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Selecting model options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
5.4
5.4.1 Mandatory switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
5.4.2 Optional switches
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
5.4.3 Default model settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
5.5 Modifying the source code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
5.6 Running test cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
272
System documentation
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
6.1
6.2 The preprocessor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
6.3 Program files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
6.3.1 Wave model modules
6.3.2 Multi-grid modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
6.3.3 Data assimilation module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
6.3.4 Auxiliary programs
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
6.4 Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
Internal data storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
6.5
6.5.1 Grids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
6.5.2 Distributed memory concepts.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
6.5.3 Multiple grids
6.6 Variables in modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
6.6.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
6.6.2 Data structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Parameter settings in modules
References
APPENDICES
A Managing multiple model versions
310
A.1
v
B Setting model time steps
B.1
Individual grids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.3
B.1
B.2 Mosaics of grids
C Setting up nested runs
C.1
C.1 Using ww3 shel
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.1
C.2 Using ww3 bound and/or unstructured grids . . . . . . . . . . C.3
C.3 Using ww3 multi
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.4
D Setting up for distributed machines (MPI)
D.1
D.1 Model setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.1
D.2 Common errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.4
D.3 MPI point-to-point communication errors . . . . . . . . . . . D.5
E Mosaic approach with non-regular grids
E.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E.1
E.1
SCRIP-WW3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E.1
E.2
SCRIP Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E.2
E.3
E.4 Optimization and common problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E.3
E.5 Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E.5
F Ocean-Waves-Atmosphere coupling with OASIS
F.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F.1
F.1
F.2
Interfacing with OASIS3-MCT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F.2
F.3 Compiling with OASIS3-MCT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F.2
F.4 Launch a coupling simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F.3
F.5 Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F.3
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