2001 年上海华东师范大学史学理论及地理信息系统概论考
研真题
史学理论
一、名词解释(每题六分,共三十分)
章学诚
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《史通》
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《资治通鉴考异》
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乾嘉史学
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年鉴学派
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二、简述题(每题十分,共二十分)
1.在中国近代史学史上,有两种截然不同的史学观点∶一种观点认为,"对可靠材料的批评
考证,不偏不倚的理解,客观的叙述,所有这些结合起来,就可以再现全部历史的真相",
因此,主张"一分材料出一分货,十分材料出十货,没有材料便不出货。
材料之内使它发见(现)无遗,材料之外我们一点也不越过去说。"而另一种观点则认为,
凡研究古人之学说思想,"其对古人之学说,应具了解之同情,方可下笔。
盖古人著书立说,皆有所为而发。故其所处之环境,所受之背景,非完全明了,则其学说不
易评论",古人去今数千年,"其时代之真相,极难推知。
吾人今日可据之材料,仅为当时所遗存最小之一部。欲籍此残余断片,以窥测其全部结构,
必须备艺术家欣赏古代绘画雕刻之眼光与精神,然后古人立说之用意与对象,始可以真了解。
所谓真了解者,必神游冥想,与立说之古人,处于同一境界,而对于其持论所以不得不如是
之古心孤诣,表一种之同情,始能批评其学说之是非得失,而无隔阂肤廓之论。"请从历史
认识论的角度,分析两者的差异。
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2.标点如下一段文字,并对作者的观点略作评论。
能具史识者必知史德德者何谓著书者之心术也夫秽史者所以自秽谤书者所以自谤素行为人
所羞文辞何足取重魏收之矫诬沈约之隐恶读其书者先不信其人其患未至于甚也所患夫心术
者谓其有君子之心而所养未底于粹也夫有君子之心而所养未粹大贤以下所不能免也……以
此责人不亦难乎是亦不然也盖欲为良史者当慎辨于天人之际尽其天而不益以人也尽其天而
不益以人虽未能至苟允知之亦足以称著述者之心术矣
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三、问答题(每题二十五分,共五十分)
1.试分析社会进化论与中国传统历史变易观的异同。
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2.以史家和史学著作为例,分析建国前中国马克思主义史学在理论方面的主要建树。
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地理信息系统概论
一、名词解释(每题 6 分,共 30 分)
1、数据采集
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2、空间数据结构
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3、ARC/INFO
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4、栅格数据压缩编码
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5、屏幕跟踪矢量化
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二、问答题(共 70 分)
1、GIS 数据精度可以从哪几个方面进行评价?并解释。(15 分)
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2、叙述产生数字高程模型(DEM)的方法。(15 分)
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3、叙述栅格数据取值方法。(10 分)
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4、一个伐木公司获准在某一区域进行采伐,为防止水土流失,许可证规定不得在河流沿岸
1km 以内的区域砍伐树木,另外,为了使重型采伐设备可以进入林区,采伐地点只能在沿公
路 5km 以内的范围内。现有这个地区的河流矢量图和公路矢量图,问如何利用 GIS 作为工
具确定可以采伐的范围?并画出示意图。(15 分)
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5、叙述 GIS 开发的步骤及每一步骤的主要内容。(15 分)
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