Acknowledgments
Introduction
The Advent of the Multi-core Era
Communication Demands of Multi-Core Architectures
On-chip vs. Off-Chip Networks
Network Basics: A Quick Primer
Evolution to On-Chip Networks
On-Chip Network Building Blocks
Performance and Cost
Commercial On-Chip Network Chips
This Book
Interface with System Architecture
Shared Memory Networks in Chip Multiprocessors
Impact of Coherence Protocol on Network Performance
Coherence Protocol Requirements for the On-Chip Network
Protocol-Level Network Deadlock
Impact of Cache Hierarchy Implementation on Network Performance
Home Node and Memory Controller Design Issues
Miss and Transaction Status Holding Registers
Synthesized NoCs in MPSoCs
The Role of Application Characterization in NoC Design
Design Requirements for On-Chip Network
NoC Synthesis
NoC Network Interface Standards
Bibliographic Notes
Case Studies
Brief State-of-the-Art Survey
Topology
Metrics for Comparing Topologies
Direct Topologies: Rings, Meshes and Tori
Indirect Topologies: Butterflies, Clos Networks and Fat Trees
Irregular Topologies
Splitting and Merging
Topology Synthesis Algorithm Example
Layout and Implementation
Concentrators
Implication of Abstract Metrics on On-Chip Implementation
Bibliographic Notes
Case Studies
Brief State-of-the-Art Survey
Routing
Types of Routing Algorithms
Deadlock Avoidance
Deterministic Dimension-Ordered Routing
Oblivious Routing
Adaptive Routing
Adaptive Turn Model Routing
Implementation
Source Routing
Node Table-Based Routing
Combinational Circuits
Adaptive Routing
Routing on Irregular Topologies
Bibliographic Notes
Case Studies
Brief State-of-the-Art Survey
Flow Control
Messages, Packets, Flits and Phits
Message-Based Flow Control
Circuit Switching
Packet-Based Flow Control
Store and Forward
Cut-Through
Flit-Based Flow Control
Wormhole
Virtual Channels
Deadlock-Free Flow Control
Escape VCs
Buffer Backpressure
Implementation
Buffer Sizing for Turnaround Time
Reverse Signaling Wires
Flow Control Implementation in MPSoCs
Bibliographic Notes
Case Studies
Brief State-of-the-Art Survey
Router Microarchitecture
Virtual Channel Router Microarchitecture
Pipeline
Pipeline Implementation
Pipeline Optimizations
Buffer Organization
Switch Design
Crossbar Designs
Crossbar Speedup
Crossbar Slicing
Allocators and Arbiters
Round-Robin Arbiter
Matrix Arbiter
Separable Allocator
Wavefront Allocator
Allocator Organization
Implementation
Router Floorplanning
Buffer Implementation
Bibliographic Notes
Case Studies
Brief State-of-the-Art Survey
Conclusions
Gap Between State-of-the-Art and Ideal
Definition of Ideal Interconnect Fabric
Definition of State-of-the-Art
Network Power-Delay-Throughput Gap
Key Research Challenges
Low-Power On-Chip Networks
Beyond Conventional Interconnects
Resilient On-Chip Networks
NoC Infrastructures
On-Chip Network Benchmarks
On-Chip Networks Conferences
Bibliographic Notes
Bibliography
Biography