2004 年上海华东师范大学自然地理学考研真题 一、名词解释∶（每题 4 分，共 40 分） 1、时差与国际日期变更线 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 2、地洼学说 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 3、季风 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 4、大气花房效应 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 5、海岸地貌 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 6、水量平衡方程 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 7、风化作用 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 8、新月形沙丘 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 9、土壤肥力 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 10、生态系统物质循环 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 二、简答题∶（每题 10 分，共 50 分） 1.举出陆地生态系统的三个主要类型并简述其主要特点。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 

2.影响土壤发育及其特点的主要因素有哪些? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 3.河流阶地类型及形成原因。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 4.阐述淤泥质海岸的形成条件及其发育过程 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 5.从地带性和非地带性差异讨论地域分异的规律性。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 三、综述题∶（每题 20 分，共 60 分） 1.简述海平面变化的主要原因，并简要解释地球气候增暖是通过什么机制，导致海平面上升 的。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 2.简要论述河流补给的主要形式，人类活动是如何影响这些河流补给过程的。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 3、简述人类活动对地球表层环境的作用和影响。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________