2022年3月公共英语三级考试真题及答案.doc

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2022 年 3 月公共英语三级考试真题及答案 SECTION 1 ListeningComprehension (25 minutes) 1～25 略 SECTIONⅡ Use of English (15 minutes) Directions： Read the following text．Choosethe best word or phrase for each numbered blank and markA，B，C，or D onANSWER SHEET 1． What might thehouse of the future be like? Gracecan tell．More formallyknown as the Microsoft Home，her high—tech devices，along with 26 indesign and construction， will change the 27 we think about our homes． You enter thehouse，and Grace’s 28 ，coming from hidden speakers，passes on your messages；Inthe kitchen，you set a bag of flour on theintelligently 29 stone counter．Gracesees what you’re 30，and projects a list of flour—based food on the counter． 31 you choose on，Gracerepeats instructions tor cooking．She 32 knows what’ S in the cupboard． The day whenyour house、viii be likea family member is not that faroff．This 33 0f seamless computing，in which technologyis everywhere yet nowhere(34 when wewant it)，is emphasizedin most future—home thinking． Microsoft， 35 ，isn’t the only one exploring 36 technology can make our homes more 37 andcomfortable．At theGeorgia Institute of Technology，scientists are 38 systems that will allowolder people to continue living 39．SoGrandma’s home can be intelligently wired to 40 her patterns of wake，sleep and movement；family members would be 4l of any changesvia computer． Does spying on Grandma sound 42 ? Director Beth Mynatt says“A good bit ofour 43 has been working on how to convey informationwithout 44 privacy．We also don’t want to create 45 anxiety．Maybe she just took a quiet day to read，and the system would have to recognizethat．〞 26． [A]promotions [B]applications [C]practices [D]advances 27． [A]way [B]manner [C]style [D]scope

28 [A]image [B]figure [C]voice [D]sound 29． [A]disposed [B]shaped [C]engineered [D]conditioned 30． [A]saying [B]feeling [C]searching [D]doing 32 [A]Before [B]Once [C]Since [D]Unless 32． [A]even [B]thus [C]yet [D]only 33 [A]hope [B]passion [C]faith [D]notion 34． [A]perhaps [B]except [C]provided [D]especially 35． [A]therefore [B]likewise [C]however [D]moreover 36． [A]how [B]whether

[C]what [D]why 37． [A]fashionable [B]complicated [C]efficient [D]attractive 38． [A]decorating [B]designing [C]delivering [D]debating 39． [A]independently [B]enthusiastically [C]colorfully [D]satisfactorily 40． [A]receive [B]recognize [C]represent [D]review 41． [A]warned [B]relieved [C]advised [D]informed 42． [A]interesting [B]boring [C]disturbing [D]appealing 43． [A]analysis [B]research [C]concern [D]focus 44． [A]sacrificing [B]affecting [C]preventing [D]losing 45． [A]unusual

[B]unfortunate [C]uncertain [D]unnecessary SECTIONⅢ Reading Comprehension(40 minutes) PartA Directions： Read the following three texts．Answerthe questions on each text by choosing A， B，C orD．Markyour answers on ANSWER SHEET 1． Text 1 WheneverCatherine Brown， a 37-year．old journalist， and her friends， professionals in their 30s and early 40s，meet at aLondon caf6，their favorite topic ofconversation is relationships：men’sreluctance to commit，wo men’s independence， andwhen to have children--or，increasingly，whether to have them at all．“With the years passing my chances of having a child godown，but I Won’t malty anyone just to have achild，〞saysBrown．To people like Brown，babiesare great_if the timing is right．Butthey’re certainly not essential． In much of the world，havingkids is no longer a given．“Neverbefore has childlessness been an understandable decision for women and men in so many societies，〞 says Frank Hakim at the LondonSchool of Economics．Youngpeople are extending their child— freeadulthood by postponing children until they are well into their 30s．or even40s and beyond． A growing share are ending up with nochildren at all．Lifetime childlessness in westernGer-many has hit 30 percent among university—educated women，and is rapidly rising among lower—class men．InBritain，thenumber of women remaining childless has doubled in 20 years． The latesttrend of childlessness does not follow historic patterns．For centuries it was not unusual for a quarter of European women toremain childless．Butin the past．childlessnesswas usually the product of poverty ordisaster．of missingmen in times of war．Today the decision to have—or not have——a child is theresult of a complex combination of factors，includingrelationships，career Opportunities，lifestyleand economics． In some caseschildlessness among women can be seen as a quiet form ofprotest．InJapan，supportfor working mothers hardly exists．Childcare is expensive， men don’t help out，andsome companies strongly discouragemothers from returning to work．“In Japan，it'scareer or child，〞says writer KaoriHaishi．It’s not justwomen who are deciding against children；according to a re- cent study，Japanese men are even less inclined to marry or want a child．Their motivations，though，may havemore to do with economic factors． 46．CatherineBrown and her friends feel that having children is not __________． [A]totallywise [B]ahuge problem

[C]arational choice [D]absolutelynecessary 47．It Can beinferred that，formany women，havingbabies nowadays is __________． [A]ahard commitment [B]helpfulto their career [C]essentialfor happiness [D]anunderstandable decision 48．In theold days。manywomen remained childless __________ [A]asa quiet form of protest [B]becauseof lack of support [C]becauseof unfortunate circumstances [D]becausethey lacked social responsibility 49．We learnthat childlessness at present __________． [A]affectsEurope more than it does Asia [B]producesmore benefits than in the past [C]ismore a woman’s decision than a man’s [D]ismore complex in its cause than that in the past 50．According to the text，when a Japanese man decides not to have children， he probably feels unable to __________． [A]helpwith housework [B]affordto have a child [C]bea responsible father [D]balancework and family Text 2 Faced with amission．criticaldecision，who would you turn to for advice? Someone you had great confidence in，surely．But several lines of research show thatour instincts about where to mm to for counsel are often not completely correct． My research looksat prejudices that affect how people use advice，including why theyoften blindly follow recommendations from people who—as far as they know— are as knowledgeable as they are．In studies I conducted with Don Moore of Carnegie MellonUniversity，for example，I found matpeople tend to overvalue advice when the problem they’readdressing is hard and to undervalue it when the problem iseasy． In our experiments．subjects were asked to guess the weight of people in various pictures，some of which werein focus and some of which were unclear．For each picture， subjects guessed twice：the first time without advice and the second time with input from another participant．When me pictures were in focus，wefound，subjects tended to discount theadvice；apparently，theywere confident in their ability to guesscorrectly．When the pictures were unclear，subjectsleaned heavily on me advice ofothers and seemed less secure about their initialopinion．Becausethey misjudged the value 0f the advice theyreceived--consistently overvaluing orundervaluing it depending on the difficulty of the problem—our subjectsdid not make the best guesses overall．Theywould have done better if they’dconsidered the advice equally，and to a moderate degree，on both hard andeasy

tasks. Another advice—related prejudice I've found compels people toovervalue advice that they pay for．n one study Iconducted，subjectsanswered different sets of questions about American history．Beforeanswering some of the questions．theycould get advice on the correct answer from another subject whom they knew was nomore expert than they were．In one version of the experiment，people could get advice for free， while in another version，they paid for it．When they paid forad’vice，peopletended to have firm belief in it，Isuspect，by a combination of sunk—costprejudice and the nearly instinctual belief that cost and quality are linked． 51．In theface of a mission—critical decision，peopletend to __________． [A]trusttheir own efforts [B]relyon research findings [C]getaffected by other’s opinion [D]seekhelp from the more knowledgable 52．Researchshows that when faced with difficult problems people often __________． [A]discountothers’advice [B]overlookothers’advice [C]disagreewith others‘advice [D]over—relyon others’advice 53．The firstexperiment tries to prove how objective conditions __________． [A]strengthenpeople’s initial opinion [B]strengthenpeople’s self-confidence [C]influencepeople’s response to advice [D]influencepeople’s guess of weight loss 54．It can beinferred that people are likely to __________． [A]undervaluefree advice [B]overvaluepeer’s advice [C]misinterpretspecialist’s advice [D]misjudgetheir instinctual belief 55．The twoexperiments mentioned in the text reveal __________． [A]howto follow others’advice [B]howto understand others’advice [C]whatcauses people to seek advice [D]whataffects people’s attitude to advice Text 3 Top National Health Service(NHS)nurses will be able to earn $40，000 a year without leavingfrontline patient care in a modification to salary structures． New “supernurse〞grades will be created to enable the best staff to increasetheir salaries without having to move into management desk jobs Currently the most senior NHS nurses can earn a maximum$28，000 a year unless they arewilling to withdraw from the frontline and become administrators．Hundredsof experienced and highly-qualified nurses are lost to patient care every yearbecause of this oddity· While only a few thousand of Britain’s 332，000 NHS nurses will qualify for the$40， 000·plussalary，fast．trackpromotion schemes and a simpler grading system will

increase the pay of many more．The government announced that a new simplifiedcareer structure would see just four gradesreplacing the existing six．Nurses will begin their careers as healthcare assistants before moving up to registered practitioner grade，followed by senior registered practitioner and ultimately consultant practitionerand a$40，000salary． “Nurses are rising to thechallenge of modernisation，〞said a government official “These proposals will help them improve their professional role further andprovide a better service to Patients·We do not think mat in order to be paid more，nurses should have to move intomanagement·Nurses working at the sharpend of patient care should have a career structure which n0 longer penalises them for wanting to stay there．〞 The NursingStrategy will include proposals to allowmore flexible training courses and Improve opportunities for qualified nurses who have left theprofession to return in part-time roles·The Royal College of Nursing welcomed the reforms．The top salary level falls into line with figures it hadpresented to ministers． 56 Hundreds of experienced nurses are lost to patientcare every year because they__________· [A]dislikethe nursing job [B]aredissatisfied with their pay [C]arereplaced by“super nurses〞 [D]lackfurther training for the profession 57．The newsystem will mostly benefit those who__________· [A]moveinto management [B]workon a part time basis [C]haveretired from the nursing job [D]have reached the top of the system 58．The newcareer structure is different from the existing one in its__________． [A]qualityof nurses’services [B]possibilityof a job transfer [C]opportunitiesfor promotion [D]simplicityof nurses’grades 59．TheNursing Strategy will be adopted in order to__________ ． [A]providemore consultation to practitioners [B]encourageexperienced nurses to work part time [C]enablethe most experienced nurses to be paid more [D]promotethe most experienced nurses to management 60．The RoyalCollege of Nursing __________． [A]proposedsimilar top salary for nurses [B]raisedthe management issue to ministers [C]suggesteda four-grade system for nurses [D]putforward the Nursing Strategy to ministers Part B Directions：

Read the textstaken from five people's comments on an article on the issueof global poverty．For questions61 to 65，match the name of each person(61to 65)to one of the statements(A toG)given below Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET 1． Ankita Agarwal： Your article made me ashamed．I'vealways thought of myself as not the typical self-absorbed teenager，butI guess l was wrong．While Isit in my large，warm and cozy house．wishingfor the shoes and clothes I see in teenmagazines，there are people in the world wishing for something as simple as clean water.Thank you for reminding me aboutpeople who would be more than happy with what I have． Janet Tejada： Whatabout the relationship between population，consumptionand resources?After all．poverty most simply defined，isnot having enough resources．Thesteady growth of the global population,overconsumption of resources by developed nations such as the U．S．，and increasing levels of C0nsumption among the growing middle classin many developing nations ensure that there is ever less of the planet’salready dwindling resources to go around． Tadaship Kawabe： Extreme poverty is so tragic．Sudden natural disasters like an earthquake mobilize alarge number of people and money for a short period of time，while the slow but massive wave of poverty and deathin Africa doesn't attract the world’sattention in the same way·When we try to help those affected by disasters and extreme poverty， however，weshouldn’t focus on the overwhelmingnumber of the dead but simply try to do something good for others· Jane Thomas： The poorshould be trained to organize，set priorities and develop skills and resources to put their owncommunity plans into action．What your article proposes is the conventionaltop-down way for doing things：outsidersdetermine the priorities and solutions，thenthrow money at them. To actuallyhelp，we must first develop our ownskills and understanding．We need to find out what the poor want and what the root causes of theproblems are．Wehave to listen to poor people． Sanjay Kathe： Concerned and sensible people’s endeavors to reduce poverty inunderdeveloped countries are deserving of high praise．Itis sad，however，thatonly a small part of the funds raised for the poor actually l each them．Thegenerous people who donate money to reduce poverty would be more successful ifthey spent time in the poor nations to check first—hand the use of their funds. Now match the name of each person(61 to65)to the appropriate statement. Note:there are two extra statements． Ankita Agarwal 62．JanetTejada

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2022年3月公共英语三级考试真题及答案.doc

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