1:5万土地利用数据缩编.doc

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1 绪论

2 选择缩编方法和缩编工具及转换数据格式

3 1：5万土地利用现状缩编的原则

3.1 全局性原则

3.2 规范化原则

3.3 实用性原则

3.4 高效性原则

4 1：5万土地利用现状数据综合缩编技术指标

4.1 数学基础

4.2 定位要素

4.3 地貌

4.4 交通运输用地

4.5 水域及水利设施用地

4.6 城镇村及工矿用地

4.7 地类图斑

4.8 零星地类

4.9 行政界线

4.10 基本农田要素

4.11 注记

5 利用FME进行1：5万土地利用缩编流程及方法

5.1 数据接受与预处理

5.2 补充资料

5.3 参考资料

5.3 区域特征分析

5.4 缩编作业流程及技巧

5.5 利用FME编写的程序进行图斑缩编的过程

5.5.1 数据准备

5.5.2 重构图斑

5.5.3界边上图斑

5.5.4 统计原图版面积确定指标

5.5.4 小图斑缓冲夸大与聚合

5.5.5 原县界裁切

5.5.6 合并小图斑

5.5.6 边界化简

5.5.7 标记狭长图斑

5.5.8 提取中心线

5.5.10 中心线剖分合并

5.5.11 行政区裁切图斑

5.5.12合并边界化简与行政界裁切产生的小图斑

5.5.13 合并各行政区图斑

5.5.14 缩编后县界裁切

5.5.15 图斑对比修改

5.6 其他缩编操作

5.6.1 现状地物

5.6.2 零星地物

5.6.3 基本农田与注记

5.6.4 接边

5.7 入库

5.7.1 生成MDB

5.7.2 更新MDB属性及检查MDB

6 缩编关键技术

7 结束语

参考文献：

毕业设计（论文）题目：基于 FME 1:5 万土地利用数据综合缩编技巧探究 English Title: Based on the data of land use FME 1:50000 comprehensive downsizing skills explored 姓专学指导老师：刘名：封利根业：测绘工程号：07351305 波二零一一年五月

摘要本文阐述以第二次土地利用现状调查 1:1 万矢量数据为基础，基于 FME 软件，结合 Arcgis 软件进行 l:5 万县级土地利用现状图缩编，采用的方法是自动化与手工处理相结合，采用 FME 进行图斑融合、线要素提取、节点抽稀、线平滑、线构面、图斑全自动缩编等工作，使用 ArcGIS 软件作为编辑平台，并进行面积计算并形成二调成果缩编数据库。关键词：FME ；ARCGIS; 缩编；第二次土地利用调查；1：5 万；

ABSTRACT In the second article land use status investigation 1:1 vector data basis, million FME software, based on combining Arcgis software l: 5 million land use status chart at the county level, the method is maintaining automation and manual processing by combining FME, to figure spot fusion, linear element extraction, node smoke dilute, lines smooth, line dimensions, figure spot automatic downsizing, use Arcgis software platform, as editor and area computation and form two adjustable results downsizing database Keywords: FME；ARCGIS； Downsizing；The second land use investigation； 1:50000；

目录 1 绪论 ······················································································································1 2 选择缩编方法和缩编工具及转换数据格式 ··································································· 1 3 1：5 万土地利用现状缩编的原则 ················································································ 2 3.1 全局性原则 ······································································································· 2 3.2 规范化原则 ······································································································· 2 3.3 实用性原则 ······································································································· 3 3.4 高效性原则 ······································································································· 3 4 1：5 万土地利用现状数据综合缩编技术指标 ································································ 3 4.1 数学基础 ·········································································································· 3 4.2 定位要素 ·········································································································· 3 4.3 地貌 ················································································································ 3 4.4 交通运输用地 ····································································································4 4.5 水域及水利设施用地 ···························································································4 4.6 城镇村及工矿用地 ······························································································6 4.7 地类图斑 ·········································································································· 6 4.8 零星地类 ·········································································································· 7 4.9 行政界线 ·········································································································· 7 4.10 基本农田要素 ·································································································· 7 4.11 注记 ···············································································································8 5 利用 FME 进行 1：5 万土地利用缩编流程及方法 ························································· 8 5.1 数据接受与预处理 ······························································································8 5.2 补充资料 ·········································································································10 5.3 参考资料 ·········································································································10 5.3 区域特征分析 ·································································································· 11 5.4 缩编作业流程及技巧 ·························································································12 5.5 利用 FME 编写的程序进行图斑缩编的过程 ··························································· 13 5.5.1 数据准备 ···································································································13 5.5.2 重构图斑 ···································································································13 5.5.3 界边上图斑 ································································································ 14 5.5.4 统计原图版面积确定指标 ·············································································14 5.5.4 小图斑缓冲夸大与聚合 ················································································16 5.5.5 原县界裁切 ································································································17 5.5.6 合并小图斑 ································································································18 5.5.6 边界化简 ···································································································18 5.5.7 标记狭长图斑 ···························································································· 20 5.5.8 提取中心线 ································································································21 5.5.10 中心线剖分合并 ························································································28

5.5.11 行政区裁切图斑 ························································································32 5.5.12 合并边界化简与行政界裁切产生的小图斑 ······················································ 33 5.5.13 合并各行政区图斑 ·····················································································34 5.5.14 缩编后县界裁切 ························································································35 5.5.15 图斑对比修改 ···························································································35 5.6 其他缩编操作 ·································································································· 35 5.6.1 现状地物 ···································································································35 5.6.2 零星地物 ···································································································37 5.6.3 基本农田与注记 ························································································· 38 5.6.4 接边 ·········································································································39 5.7 入库 ···············································································································40 5.7.1 生成 MDB ································································································· 40 5.7.2 更新 MDB 属性及检查 MDB ·········································································41 6 缩编关键技术 ········································································································43 7 结束语 ················································································································· 44 参考文献： ··············································································································44

1 绪论土地利用现状图是用来表达一定区域内土地的利用类型分布、面积大小及土地利用结构的专题地图。1∶1 万土地利用现状图是目前我国要求各县级土地管理部门用来进行乡镇土地利用总体规划,实施耕地保护,划定基本农田,建立土地利用数据库,以及实施土地利用年度变更等工作所用的。土地利用数据综合缩编是以第二次全国土地调查经核查合格的县级数据库为基础，以计算机制图综合软件为工具，通过人机交互多尺度土地利用数据综合在全国范围内建立规范化的县级、地市级、省级和国家级系列比例尺土地利用数据库，编制省级和国家级土地利用挂图，作为第二次全国土地调查数据库的重要组成部分，为国家各层次的土地利用规划体系提供基础底图，为国家和区域的经济建设和社会发展事业提供土地资源本底资料，也为国家和各级政府宏观掌握全国和区域的土地利用的总体状况提供支撑。本文介绍将第二次土地调查的 1:1 万土地利用现状数据，基于 FME 软件，结合 Arcgis 软件编制 1:5 万的县级土地利用现状的作业方法和技巧。 2 选择缩编方法和缩编工具及转换数据格式由于编图比例尺的缩小，1:1 万土地利用现状图上的要素不可能全部在 1:5 万土地利用现状图上得到表现，因此需要采用数据选取和图形概括的方法，通过舍弃次要的地物目标，简化地物细节层次，减少地图信息量从而获得更加概括的地图数据，达到图面要素主次分明、要素之间关系正确的目的。在缩编过程中有两种基本的概括综合线条的方法，一种是完全把 1:1 万数据当作编绘底图，按照 1:5 万编图的技术要求重新进行屏幕数字化，勾绘地类要素；第二种方法是在 1:1 万数据的基础上移动、删除图斑界线结点，对多余界线进行删除，对结点过多界线进行去点。这两种方法各有优点,把它们结合起来使用更能事半功倍 1:5 万县级土地利用现状图数据一般要求提供 EOO 矢量数据和 GEOTIF 栅格 1

数据文件。FME 软件具有各种文件类型转换功能，包括 EOO 格式转换和 GEOTIF 格式转换，同时具有 objust 开发功能，可以编写批处理程序对数据进行处理，而且简单灵活，可以在作业工程中根据发现的技术难题随时编写或修改程序，使数据更加符合要求图形更加美观。因此选择 FME 软件利用 arcgis 平台作为缩编 1：5 万县级土地利用现状图的制图综合工作工具。 1：1 万土地利用现状图矢量数据有多种格式，如 MDB、EOO 等。为了便于处理，先用 Arcgis 软件将 1：1 万的 MDB 原始数据库导出成为 SHP 格式的各个单独的层文件。 3 1：5 万土地利用现状缩编的原则第二次全国土地调查核查成果数据缩编是一项技术要求高、涉及范围广、工作量大的系统工程。项目实施设计要满足科学、规范、高效的总体要求。主要遵循以下基本原则。 3.1 全局性原则第二次全国土地调查核查成果数据缩编包括县级、地市级、省级和国家级四个层次，较高层次以较低层次的成果为数据基础。各层次的土地利用数据库成果必须准确反映相应区域的土地利用特征。这就要求第二次全国土地调查核查成果数据缩编必须在全国一致的技术指标、综合规则的指导下进行，从而保证各层次成果的可汇总性、规范性和准确性。 3.2 规范化原则第二次全国土地调查核查成果数据缩编的数据组织规范、数据类型、编码、地图图式符号应符合《关于印发第二次全国土地调查成果数据缩编技术指标规范的通知》（国土调查办发【2010】9 号）、《土地利用现状分类》（GB/T 21010—2007）、《土地利用数据库标准》（TD/T 1016—2007）等相关标准规范的要求。 2

3.3 实用性原则基于制图综合缩编软件的土地利用数据综合技术流程经过了实践项目检验，具有较高的实用性和可靠性。第二次全国土地调查核查成果数据缩编还要充分考虑目前土地利用管理工作的现状和业务需求，满足不同层次、不同地区土地利用数据应用需求，为各层次土地利用挂图的编制奠定基础。 3.4 高效性原则充分利用计算机技术、GIS 技术和数据库技术，依托研发的土地利用数据库综合软件，利用计算机辅助土地利用数据缩编软件进行各级土地调查核查成果数据缩编，充分提高工作效率。 4 1：5 万土地利用现状数据综合缩编技术指标 4.1 数学基础 1:5 万比例尺土地利用数据库的坐标系采用 1980 年西安经纬度坐标系统，参考椭球为 IAG-75 参椭球体，高程系统采用 1985 国家高程基准。 4.2 定位要素土地利用图内图廓标注经纬度坐标，采用北方定向。 4.3 地貌地貌要素为可选要素。标注特征高程点。高程点按地貌特征进行选取，地貌形态比较破碎复杂的地区应多取，比较完整简单的地区可少取。高程点综合时优先选取测量控制点、水位点、图幅内最高点、凹地最低点、区域最高点、河流交汇处、道路交叉处及 3

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