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Understanding thethethethe PostPostPostPost Processor Understanding Processor Understanding Processor Understanding Processor PartPartPartPart I:I:I:I: BasicBasicBasicBasic Introduction Introduction Introduction Introduction When you run the Post Processor, you select a .ASC file that gives the format of the NC code for your machine. This article will give a brief overview of what is contained in these .ASC files and some illustrations of the most common types of modifications that users want to make to their .ASC files. A library of .ASC files is included under the post directory in all of the Esprit software packages. The typical location of the post library for each product is given below: Esprit/C \Esprit\Post Esprit/W \Program Files\DP Technology\EspritW\Post Esprit/X NT \EspritX10.00\Post Esprit/X Unix /dp/post/library Within the library the .ASC files are divided up by machining type, such as EDM and Mill. There is also a file called compiler.lst included in each Esprit product. When creating or modifying a .ASC file there is a limited dictionary of keywords that can be used. The compiler.lst file is a valuable reference and gives a list of all of the keywords. While reading this article, look through the post library and load some of the .ASC files and scan through them to see some of the items that are discussed here. Some good general posts to try for many of the topics discussed here are any of the Fanuc posts under

Mill, such as the FM-11M1.ASC. Take one of those posts and rename it. For instance, call it MyPost.ASC, and then it can be used to make some of the modifications discussed below. Examples Section Examples Section Examples Section Examples Section Scroll down to the bottom of the .ASC file. The last part of the .ASC file is called the Examples section. The example keywords all start with EX_. This is the heart of the post because it gives examples of what the NC code format is supposed to look like. Everything that is programmed in Esprit has a corresponding EX_ keyword in the post. Some of the examples are related to the graphics in Esprit, such as EX_LINEAR for a feed move along a segment and EX_CIRCLE for a feed move along an arc. Some examples are tied to specific settings on the operation page, such as EX_COMPENSATION for Cutter Comp NC, while some examples like EX_PARK and EX_SETORIGIN are for specific operations, and still others like EX_CYCLESTART and EX_CYCLEEND are used by several different operations. The examples EX_FIRSTTOOLCHANGE, EX_OTHERTOOLCHANGE, and EX_LASTTOOLCHANGE are for the tool changes that take place in between operations. Of course, such examples are only used by machines with tool changes, such as mill, lathe, and punch press, not by machines such as EDM and Laser. The examples EX_STARTCODE, EX_MAINSTART, EX_MAINEND, and EX_ENDCODE are used in all machining types near the beginning and end of the NC code output.

Then for some operations there are certain examples that will be tried first, and if those examples are not present other examples will be tried. If Cycle Type is set to PECK2 in a Mill Drill operation, then EX_PECK2START and EX_PECK2BODY are tried first. If they do not exist then EX_PECKSTART and EX_PECKBODY are used. If those are not there, then finally the motion is broken up into EX_RAPID and EX_LINEAR moves. The above are by no means a complete set of example keywords, but it does give a sampling of the wide variety of example keywords available and how they work in different ways based on what is programmed in Esprit. For a list of the EX_ example keywords, see the compiler.lst file and the Post Processor Manual. The structure used in the Examples section is EX_KEYWORD : NC CODE FORMAT. Some examples produce a single line of NC code. A typical arc move may look like this: EX_CIRCLE : N G17 CIRCLEDIRECTION* X Y I* J* F Other examples may generate several lines of NC code like this tool change example does: EX_OTHERTOOLCHANGE : N T M06 : TOOLCHANGECOMMENT The format of the NC code is given to the right of the colon. There are several different types of codes used to give the NC format. Three of the most important types seen in the Examples section are symboliccodes, symbolicswitches, and formatablecodes. Codes UsedUsedUsedUsed inininin thethethethe Examples Codes Symbolic Examples Symbolic Codes Examples Symbolic Codes Symbolic Examples

A symboliccode comes out in the NC file exactly as it is shown in the post .ASC file. Looking back to the previous samples, the G17 in EX_CIRCLE and the M06 in EX_OTHERTOOLCHANGE are symbolic codes. They will come out as G17 and M06 in the NC program. Here are some other samples that show frequent uses of symbolic codes: EX_RAPID : N G00 X Y Z EX_LINEAR : N G01 X Y Z F EX_TOOLCANCEL : N M05 M09 EX_MAINEND : N M02 The G00, G01, M05, M09, and M02 in the above samples are all symbolic codes. Suppose a G10 needed to be output somewhere. This G10 could not just be thrown into the Examples section, because in order to use a symbolic code in the Examples section it must first be defined in the Symbolic Codes section. Codes Symbolic Section Symbolic Codes Section Codes Section Symbolic Codes Symbolic Section Scroll up in the post .ASC file to the section above the examples. This section is called the Symbolic Codes section. The structure used in this section is KEYWORD:SYMBOL. For the samples given up until now, the following would be likely to appear in the Symbolic Codes section: MOTIONRAPID : G00 MOTIONLINEAR : G01

XYPLANE : G17 ENDPROGRAM : M02 SPINDLEOFF : M05 TOOLCHANGE : M06 COOLANTOFF : M09 So in order to add the G10, a keyword needs to be found that can be used to define it. Symbolic Adding Codes Adding Symbolic Codes Symbolic Codes Adding Symbolic Adding Codes In the compiler.lst file there are many miscellaneous keywords, such as MISCSYMBOLICCODE10. In the Symbolic Codes section of the .ASC file, this could be added: MISCSYMBOLICCODE10 : G10 Now that the G10 is defined, it can be put in the appropriate example in the Examples section. For instance, say the G10 is to be output when a Set Origin operation is performed. Look in the Examples section to see if there already is an EX_SETORIGIN defined. Maybe the .ASC file has the following: EX_SETORIGIN : O* : MEASUREMENTCODE COORDINATECODE : SETORIGINCOMMENT

If the G10 needed to come after the program number O, it could be modified like so: EX_SETORIGIN : O* : G10 : MEASUREMENTCODE COORDINATECODE : SETORIGINCOMMENT If the .ASC file did not contain an EX_SETORIGIN, then it could be added anywhere in the Examples section: EX_SETORIGIN : G10 Examples Strings totototo thethethethe Examples Strings Adding Section Adding Strings Examples Section Examples Section Adding Strings Adding Section Using a keyword to define a symbolic code is the preferred method for outputting such information, but there is a quick alternative. Any string of characters can be output in the NC code by enclosing the string inside of double quotes. Suppose a P1 was needed after the G10 in the previous sample. This by itself would do the trick: EX_SETORIGIN : G10 “P1” Instead of bothering to add the MISCSYMBOLICCODE10 for the G10, the whole thing could have been done as: EX_SETORIGIN : “G10 P1” Examples Switches UsedUsedUsedUsed inininin thethethethe Examples Switches Symbolic Section Symbolic Switches Examples Section Examples Section Symbolic Switches Symbolic Section

A symbolicswitchis a keyword which switches output to one symbolic code out of several possible symbolic codes based on certain conditions. Some of the symbolic switches seen so far in this article are CIRCLEDIRECTION, MEASUREMENTCODE, and COORDINATECODE. From CIRCLEDIRECTION in EX_CIRCLE, the NC code output will be a G02 or G03 depending on the direction of the arc move. From COORDINATECODE in EX_SETORIGIN the NC code output will be a G90 or G91 depending on whether the Coordinate Mode is ABSOLUTE or INCREMENTAL on the Set Origin operation. As with other symbolic codes, the symbolic codes output as part of a symbolic switch must be defined in the Symbolic Codes section. CIRCLEDIRECTION and COORDINATECODE typically would have the following: MOTIONCW : G02 MOTIONCCW : G03 ABSOLUTE : G90 INCREMENTAL : G91 Previously when the G10 was added, it did not matter what keyword was used, because the G10 was directly inserted in the Examples section. In the case of a symbolic switch, however, the keyword is very critical. CIRCLEDIRECTION specifically switches between the symbols assigned to the keywords MOTIONCW and MOTIONCCW. COORDINATECODE specifically switches between the symbols assigned to the

keywords ABSOLUTE and INCREMENTAL. From MEASUREMENTCODE in EX_SETORIGIN the NC code output will be a G70 or G71, or on some machines a G20 or G21, depending on whether Unit for Tape is set to INCH or METRIC on the Set Origin operation. MEASUREMENTCODE switches between the symbols assigned to the keywords INCH and METRIC. Depending on what the NC machine uses, then, one post .ASC file may contain: INCH : G20 METRIC : G21 Another post .ASC file may have what is shown below. INCH : G70 METRIC : G71 These three symbolic switches all switched between just two symbolic codes, but there are many other symbolic switches that switch between three or more symbolic codes. COMPENSATIONSIDE, often found in EX_COMPENSATION, will switch between COMPENSATIONOFF, COMPENSATIONLEFT, and COMPENSATIONRIGHT, which are typically G40, G41, and G42. SPINDLEDIRECTION, often found in the tool change examples, will switch between SPINDLEOFF, SPINDLECW, and SPINDLECCW, which are typically M03, M04, and M05.

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