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1991 考研英语真题及答案 Section I Structure and Vocabulary In each sentence, decide which of the four choices given will suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) 1. They lost their way in the forest, and ________ made matters worse was that night began to fall. [A] that [B] it [C] what [D] which 2. ________ my return, I learned that Professor Smith had been at the Museum and would not be back for several hours. [A] At [B] On [C] With [D] During 3. Anyone who has spent time with children is aware of the difference in the way boys and girls respond to ________ situations. [A] similar [B] alike [C] same [D] likely 4. There is not much time left; so I’ll tell you about it ________. [A] in detail [B] in brief [C] in short [D] in all 5. In this factory, suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully ________. [A] admitted [B] acknowledged

[C] absorbed [D] considered 6. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ________ a sudden loud noise. [A] being there [B] should there be [C] there was [D] there having been 7. By the year 2000, scientists probably ________ a cure for cancer. [A] will be discovering [B] are discovering [C] will have discovered [D] have discovered 8. Jim isn’t ________, but he did badly in the final exams last semester. [A] gloomy [B] dull [C] awkward [D] tedious 9. The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parents’ ________. [A] command [B] conviction [C] consent [D] compromise 10. He had ________ on the subject. [A] a rather strong opinion [B] rather strong opinion [C] rather the strong opinion [D] the rather strong opinion 11. When Jane fell off the bike, the other children ________. [A] were not able to help laughter [B] could not help but laughing

[C] could not help laughing [D] could not help to laugh 12. It is better to die on one’s feet than ________. [A] living on one’s knees [B] live on one’s knees [C] on one’s knees [D] to live on one’s knees 13. The most important ________ of his speech was that we should all work wholeheartedly for the people. [A] element [B] spot [C] sense [D] point 14. This watch is ________ to all the other watches on the market. [A] superior [B] advantageous [C] super [D] beneficial 15. In a typhoon, winds ________ a speed greater than 120 kilometers per hour. [A] assume [B] accomplish [C] attain [D] assemble 16. ________ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday. [A] In spite of [B] But for [C] Because of [D] As for 17. Mary ________ my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now. [A] has received [B] ought to have received [C] couldn’t have received

[D] shouldn’t have received 18. ________ to speak when the audience interrupted him. [A] Hardly had he begun [B] No sooner had he begun [C] Not until he began [D] Scarcely did he begin 19. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely ________ to the outside world. [A] being lost [B] having lost [C] losing [D] lost 20. The policemen went into action ________ they heard the alarm. [A] promptly [B] presently [C] quickly [D] directly 21. The lost car of the Lees was found ________ in the woods off the highway. [A] vanished [B] abandoned [C] scattered [D] rejected 22. Dress warmly, ________ you’ll catch cold. [A] on the contrary [B] or rather [C] or else [D] in no way 23. Our research has focused on a drug which is so ________ as to be able to change brain chemistry. [A] powerful [B] influential [C] monstrous

[D] vigorous 24. Bob was completely ________ by the robber’s disguise. [A] taken away [B] taken down [C] taken to [D] taken in 25. Difficulties and hardships have ________ the best qualities of the young geologist. [A] brought out [B] brought about [C] brought forth [D] brought up 26. Our modern civilization must not be thought of as ________ in a short period of time. [A] being created [B] to have been created [C] having been created [D] to be created 27. Even if they are on sale, these refrigerators are equal in price to, if not more expensive than, ________ at the other store. [A] anyone [B] the others [C] that [D] the ones 28. The bank manager asked his assistant if it was possible for him to ________ the investment plan within a week. [A] work out [B] put out [C] make out [D] set out 29. He knows little of mathematics, and ________ of chemistry. [A] even more [B] still less

[C] no less [D] still more 30. The students expected there ________ more reviewing classes before the final exam. [A] is [B] being [C] have been [D] to be Section II Reading Comprehension Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points) Text 1 A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability. Accountability isn’t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences. Of the many values that hold civilization together -- honesty, kindness, and so on -- accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law -- and, ultimately, no society. My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people’s behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment. Fortunately there are still communities -- smaller towns, usually -- where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: “In this family certain things are not tolerated -- they simply are not done!” Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him. The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking

reversal, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didn’t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn’t provide a stable home. I don’t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything. We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it. 31. What the wise man said suggests that ________. [A] it’s unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evil [B] it’s certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about it [C] it’s only natural for virtue to defeat evil [D] it’s desirable for good men to keep away from evil 32. According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime, ________. [A] society is to be held responsible [B] modern civilization is responsible for it [C] the criminal himself should bear the blame [D] the standards of living should be improved 33. Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have ________. [A] less self-discipline [B] better sense of discipline [C] more mutual respect [D] less effective government 34. The writer is sorry to have noticed that ________. [A] people in large cities tend to excuse criminals [B] people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standards [C] today’s society lacks sympathy for people in difficulty [D] people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities 35. The key point of the passage is that ________. [A] stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and families [B] more good examples should be set for people to follow [C] more restrictions should be imposed on people’s behavior [D] more people should accept the value of accountability

Text 2 The period of adolescence, i.e., the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on society’s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one’ s life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society. roles, rights, by legal of status privileges definitions In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increases his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a driver’ s license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after majority status has been attained. None of these legal provisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence. 36. The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because ________. [A] the definition of maturity has changed [B] the industrialized society is more developed

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