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Wireless Networking Complete
Copyright Page
Contents
About This Book
About the Authors
Chapter 1 Supporting Wireless Technologies
1.1. The Frequency Spectrum
1.1.1 Public Media Broadcasting
1.1.2 Cellular Communication
1.1.3 Wireless Data Communication
1.1.4 Other Fixed or Mobile Wireless Communications
1.2. Wireless Communication Primer
1.2.1 Signal Propagation
1.2.2 Modulation
1.2.3 Multiplexing
1.3. Spread Spectrum
1.3.1 Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum
1.3.2 Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum
1.3.3 Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
1.4. Global System for Mobile and General Packet Radio Service
1.4.1 Global System for Mobile
1.4.2 General Packet Radio Service
1.5. Code-Division Multiple Access
1.5.1 Code-Division Multiple Access Concept
1.5.2 IS-95
1.5.3 Software Handoff
1.5.4 Road to 4G
1.6. GSM Versus CDMA
1.7. 3G Cellular Systems
1.7.1. UMTS/WCDMA Versus cdma2000
1.7.2. UMTS/WCDMA
1.7.3. cdma2000
1.7.4. 4G Cellular Systems
1.8. 2G Mobile Wireless Services
1.8.1 WAP and iMode
1.8.2 Short Message Service
1.9. Wireless Technologies Landscape
1.10. 802.11 Wireless LANs
1.10.1 Architecture and Protocols
1.10.2 Frame Format
1.10.3 Beacon Frame
1.10.4 Roaming in a Wireless LAN
1.10.5 IEEE 802.11 Family
1.10.6 Security in Wireless LANs
1.11. Bluetooth
1.11.1 Architecture and Protocols
1.11.2 Bluetooth Overview
1.11.3 Bluetooth Architecture
1.11.4 Radio and Baseband
1.11.5 L2CAP and Frame Format
1.11.6 RFCOMM
1.11.7 SDP
1.11.8 Bluetooth Evolution
1.12. Ultra-Wideband
1.12.1 UWB Standards
1.12.2 UWB Applications
1.13. Radio-Frequency Identification
1.13.1 RFID System
1.13.2 RFID Applications
1.14. Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks
1.14.1 Wireless Broadband: IEEE 802.16
1.14.2 WiMax
1.15. Satellite
1.15.1 Satellite Communication
1.15.2 Satellite Systems
1.16. Wireless Sensor Networks
1.16.1 WSN Applications
1.16.2 Wireless Sensor Node
1.16.3 Self-Organized Networks
1.16.4 ZigBee
1.17. Standardization in the Wireless World
1.17.1 Cellular Standard Groups
1.17.2 IEEE Standards
1.17.3 Standards War
1.18. Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 2 Wireless Networks
2.1 Bluetooth (802.15.1)
2.2 Wi-Fi (802.11)
2.2.1 Physical Properties
2.2.2 Collision Avoidance
2.2.3 Distribution System
2.2.4 Frame Format
2.3 WiMAX (802.16)
2.4 Cell Phone Technologies
Further Reading
Chapter 3 An Overview of Wireless Systems
3.1 Introduction
3.2 First- and Second-Generation Cellular Systems
3.3 Cellular Communications from 1G to 3G
3.4 Road Map for Higher Data Rate Capability in 3G
3.5 Wireless 4G Systems
3.6 Future Wireless Networks
3.7 Standardization Activities for Cellular Systems
3.8 Summary
Problems
References
Chapter 4 Wireless Application Protocol
4.1 Introduction
4.2 WAP and the World Wide Web (WWW)
4.3 Introduction to Wireless Application Protocol
4.4 The WAP Programming Model
4.4.1 The WWW Model
4.4.2 The WAP Model
4.5 WAP Architecture
4.5.1 Wireless Application Environment
4.5.2 Wireless Telephony Application
4.5.3 Wireless Session Protocol
4.5.4 Wireless Transaction Protocol
4.5.5 Wireless Transport Layer Security
4.5.6 Wireless Datagram Protocol
4.5.7 Optimal WAP Bearers
4.6 Traditional WAP Networking Environment
4.7 WAP Advantages and Disadvantages
4.8 Applications of WAP
4.9 imode
4.10 imode Versus WAP
4.11 Summary
Problems
References
Chapter 5 Wireless Local Area Networks
5.1 Introduction
5.2 WLAN Equipment
5.3 WLAN Topologies
5.4 WLAN Technologies
5.4.1 IR Technology
5.4.2 UHF Narrowband Technology
5.4.3 Spread Spectrum Technology
5.5 IEEE 802.11 WLAN
5.5.1. IEEE 802.11 Architecture
5.5.2. 802.11 Physical Layer (PHY)
5.5.3. IEEE 802.11 Data Link Layer
5.5.4. IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control
5.5.5. IEEE 802.11 MAC Sublayer
5.6 Joining an Existing Basic Service Set
5.7 Security of IEEE 802.11 Systems
5.8 Power Management
5.9 IEEE 802.11b—High-Rate DSSS
5.10 IEEE 802.11n
5.11 Other WLAN Standards
5.11.1 HIPERLAN Family of Standards
5.11.2 Multimedia Access Communication—High-Speed Wireless Access Network
5.12 Performance of a Bluetooth Piconet in the Presence of IEEE 802.11 WLANs
5.12.1 Packet Error Rate (PER) from N Neighboring Bluetooth Piconets
5.12.2 PER from M Neighboring IEEE 802.11 WLANs
5.12.3 Aggregated Throughput
5.13 Interference Between Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11
5.14 IEEE 802.16
5.15 World Interoperability for MicroAccess, Inc. (WiMAX)
5.15.1 WiMAX PHY
5.15.2 WiMAX Media Access Control (MAC)
5.15.3 Spectrum Allocation for WiMAX
5.16 Summary
Problems
References
Chapter 6 Fourth-Generation Systems and New Wireless Technologies
6.1. Introduction
6.2. 4G Vision
6.3. 4G Features and Challenges
6.4. Applications of 4G
6.5. 4G Technologies
6.5.1 Multicarrier Modulation
6.5.2 Smart Antenna Techniques
6.5.3 OFDM–MIMO Systems
6.5.4 Adaptive Modulation and Coding with Time-Slot Scheduler
6.5.5 Bell Labs Layered Space Time (BLAST) System
6.5.6 Software-Defined Radio
6.5.7 Cognitive Radio
6.6. Summary
Problems
References
Chapter 7 Mesh Networks: Optimal Routing and Scheduling
7.1 Overview
7.2 Network Topology and Link Activation Constraints
7.2.1 Link Activation Constraints
7.3 Link Scheduling and Schedulable Region
7.3.1 Stability of Queues
7.3.2 Link Flows and Link Stability Region
7.4 Routing and Scheduling a Given Flow Vector
7.5 Discussion
7.6 Maximum Weight Scheduling
7.6.1 Multicommodity Flow Criteria
7.6.2 Lyapunov Stability of a Network of Queues
7.6.3 The Algorithm and Its Analysis
7.6.4 Discussion
7.7 Routing and Scheduling for Elastic Traffic
7.7.1 Fair Allocation for Single Hop Flows
7.7.2 Fair Allocation for Multihop Flows
7.8 Discussion
7.9 Notes on the Literature
Problems
References
Chapter 8 Ad Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks
8.1 Overview
8.2 Communication Coverage
8.3 Discussion
8.4 Sensing Coverage
8.5 Discussion
8.6 Localization
8.6.1 Convex Position Estimation
8.7 Discussion
8.7.1 Routing
8.7.2 Attribute-Based Routing
8.8 Function Computation
8.9 Discussion
8.10 Scheduling
8.10.1 S-MAC
8.10.2 IEEE 802.15.4 (Zigbee)
8.11 Notes on the Literature
Problems
References
Chapter 9 Sensor Network Platforms and Tools
9.1 Sensor Node Hardware
9.1.1 Berkeley Motes
9.2 Sensor Network Programming Challenges
9.3 Node-Level Software Platforms
9.3.1 Operating System: TinyOS
9.3.2 Imperative Language: nesC
9.3.3 Dataflow-Style Language: TinyGALS
9.4 Node-Level Simulators
9.4.1 The ns-2 Simulator and Its Sensor Network Extensions
9.4.2 The Simulator TOSSIM
9.5 Programming Beyond Individual Nodes: State-Centric Programming
9.5.1 Collaboration Groups
9.5.2 PIECES: A State-Centric Design Framework
9.5.3 Multitarget Tracking Problem Revisited
9.6 Summary
References
Chapter 10 Mobile IP
10.1 The Requirements of Mobile IP
10.2 Extending the Protocols
10.3 Reverse Tunneling
10.4 Security Concerns
Further Reading
Chapter 11 Mobile IPv6
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Mobile IPv6 Overview
11.2.1 Types of Nodes
11.2.2 Basic Operation of Mobile IPv6
11.3 Header Extension
11.3.1 Alignment Requirements
11.3.2 Home Address Option
11.3.3 Type 2 Routing Header
11.3.4 Mobility Header
11.3.5 Mobility Options
11.3.6 Neighbor Discovery Messages
11.3.7 ICMPv6 Messages
11.4 Procedure of Mobile IPv6
11.4.1 Protocol Constants and Variables
11.4.2 Home Registration
11.4.3 Bi-Directional Tunneling
11.4.4 Intercepting Packets for a Mobile Node
11.4.5 Returning Home
11.5 Route Optimization
11.5.1 Return Routability
11.5.2 Sending Initial Messages
11.5.3 Responding to Initial Messages
11.5.4 Computing a Shared Secret
11.5.5 Verifying Message
11.5.6 Security Considerations
11.5.7 De-Register Binding for Correspondent Nodes
11.5.8 Backward Compatibility
11.6 Movement Detection
11.7 Dynamic Home Agent Address Discovery
11.8 Mobile Prefix Solicitation/Advertisement
11.9 Relationship with IPsec
References
Chapter 12 Security and Survivability of Wireless Systems
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Background
12.3 Current Security Approaches in Wireless Networks
12.4 Current Survivability Approaches in Wireless Networks
12.5 Framework for Wireless Network Survivability and Security
12.6 Interaction Between Survivability and Security in Wireless Networks
12.6.1 Extending the Framework to Include Interactions Between Security and Survivability
12.6.2 Case Study I: Idle Handoffs
12.6.3 Case Study II: Key Management in Heterogeneous Sensor Networks
12.7 Conclusion
References
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Z
Wireless Networking Complete
The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Networking Series Editor , David Clark, M.I.T. Wireless Networking Complete Pei Zheng, Feng Zhao, David Tipper, Jinmei Tatuya, Keiichi Shima, Yi Qian, Larry Peterson, Lionel Ni, D. Manjunath, Qing Li, Joy Kuri, Anurag Kumar, Prashant Krishnamurthy, Leonidas Guibas, Vijay Garg, Adrian Farrel, and Bruce Davie P2P Networking and Applications John Buford, Heather Yu, and Eng Lua The Illustrated Network Walter Goralski Broadband Cable Access Networks: The HFC Plant David Large and James Farmer Technical , Commercial and Regulatory Challenges of QoS: An Internet Service Model Perspective XiPeng Xiao MPLS : Next Steps Bruce S. Davie and Adrian Farrel Wireless Networking Anurag Kumar, D. Manjunath, and Joy Kuri Internet Multimedia Communications Using SIP Rogelio Martinez Perea Information Assurance: Dependability and Security in Networked Systems Yi Qian, James Joshi, David Tipper, and Prashant Krishnamurthy Network Analysis, Architecture, and Design, 3e James D. McCabe Wireless Communications & Networking: An Introduction Vijay K. Garg IPv6 Advanced Protocols Implementation Qing Li, Tatuya Jinmei, and Keiichi Shima Computer Networks: A Systems Approach, 4e Larry L. Peterson and Bruce S. Davie
Network Routing: Algorithms, Protocols, and Architectures Deepankar Medhi and Karthikeyan Ramaswami Deploying IP and MPLS QoS for Multiservice Networks: Theory and Practice John Evans and Clarence Filsfi ls Traffi c Engineering and QoS Optimization of Integrated Voice & Data Networks Gerald R. Ash IPv6 Core Protocols Implementation Qing Li, Tatuya Jinmei, and Keiichi Shima Smart Phone and Next-Generation Mobile Computing Pei Zheng and Lionel Ni GMPLS : Architecture and Applications Adrian Farrel and Igor Bryskin Content Networking: Architecture, Protocols, and Practice Markus Hofmann and Leland R. Beaumont Network Algorithmics: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Designing Fast Networked Devices George Varghese Network Recovery: Protection and Restoration of Optical, SONET-SDH, IP, and MPLS Jean Philippe Vasseur, Mario Pickavet, and Piet Demeester Routing , Flow, and Capacity Design in Communication and Computer Networks Micha ł Pi ó ro and Deepankar Medhi Wireless Sensor Networks: An Information Processing Approach Feng Zhao and Leonidas Guibas Communication Networking: An Analytical Approach Anurag Kumar, D. Manjunath, and Joy Kuri The Internet and Its Protocols: A Comparative Approach Adrian Farrel Modern Cable Television Technology: Video, Voice, and Data Communications, 2e Walter Ciciora, James Farmer, David Large, and Michael Adams Policy -Based Network Management: Solutions for the Next Generation John Strassner
MPLS Network Management: MIBs, Tools, and Techniques Thomas D. Nadeau Developing IP-Based Services: Solutions for Service Providers and Vendors Monique Morrow and Kateel Vijayananda Telecommunications Law in the Internet Age Sharon K. Black Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective, 2e Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N. Sivarajan Internet QoS: Architectures and Mechanisms Zheng Wang TCP /IP Sockets in Java: Practical Guide for Programmers Michael J. Donahoo and Kenneth L. Calvert TCP /IP Sockets in C: Practical Guide for Programmers Kenneth L. Calvert and Michael J. Donahoo Multicast Communication: Protocols, Programming, and Applications Ralph Wittmann and Martina Zitterbart High -Performance Communication Networks, 2e Jean Walrand and Pravin Varaiya Internetworking Multimedia Jon Crowcroft, Mark Handley, and Ian Wakeman Understanding Networked Applications: A First Course David G. Messerschmitt Integrated Management of Networked Systems: Concepts, Architectures, and Their Operational Application Heinz -Gerd Hegering, Sebastian Abeck, and Bernhard Neumair Virtual Private Networks: Making the Right Connection Dennis Fowler Understanding Networked Applications David G. Messerschmitt Wide Area Network Design: Concepts and Tools for Optimization Robert S. Cahn For further information on these books and for a list of forthcoming titles, please visit our Web site at http://www.mkp.com .
Wireless Networking Complete Pei Zheng Feng Zhao David Tipper Jinmei Tatuya Keiichi Shima Yi Qian Larry L. Peterson Lionel M. Ni D . Manjunath Qing Li Joy Kuri Anurag Kumar Prashant Krishnamurthy Leonidas Guibas Vijay K. Garg Adrian Farrel Bruce S. Davie AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Morgan Kaufmann Publishers is an imprint of Elsevier
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers is an imprint of Elsevier 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA Copyright © 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2010 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Exception : Chapter 10 is © 2004 by Adrian Farrel. All rights reserved. Material in the work originally appeared in Smart Phone & Next Generation Mobile Computing by Pei Zheng and Lionel Ni (Elsevier Inc. 2006), Computer Networks, Fourth Edition , by Larry Peterson and Bruce Davie (Elsevier Inc. 2007), Wireless Communication & Networking , by Vijay Garg (Elsevier Inc. 2007), Wireless Networks , by Anurag Kumar, D. Manjunath, Joy Kuri (Elsevier Inc. 2008), Wireless Sensor Networks , by Feng Zhao and Leonidas Guibas (Elsevier Inc. 2004), The Internet and Its Protocols , by Adrian Farrel (Farrel 2004), IPv6 Advanced Protocols , by Qing Li, Keiichi Shima, and Jinmei Tatuya (Elsevier Inc. 2007), and Information Assurance , edited by Yi Qian, David Tipper, James Joshi and Prashant Krishnamurthy (Elsevier Inc. 2008). Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks or registered trademarks. In all instances in which Morgan Kaufmann Publishers is aware of a claim, the product names appear in initial capital or all capital letters. All trademarks that appear or are otherwise referred to in this work belong to their respective owners. Neither Morgan Kaufmann Publishers nor the authors and other contributors of this work have any relationship or affi liation with such trademark owners nor do such trademark owners confi rm, endorse or approve the contents of this work. Readers, however, should contact the appropriate companies for more information regarding trademarks and any related registrations. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means — electronic, mechanical, photocopying, scanning, or otherwise — without prior written permission of the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: ( 44) 1865 843830, fax: ( 44) 1865 853333, E-mail: permissions@elsevier.com. You may also complete your request online via the Elsevier homepage ( http://www.elsevier.com ), by selecting “ Support & Contact ” then “ Copyright and Permission ” and then “ Obtaining Permissions. ” ⫹ ⫹ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN : 978-0-12-375077-8 For information on all Morgan Kaufmann publications, visit our Web site at www.mkp.com or www.elsevierdirect.com Printed in the United States of America 09 10 11 12 13 5 4 3 2 1
Contents About This Book .................................................................................................xv About the Authors ............................................................................................xvii Chapter 1 Supporting Wireless Technologies ..........................................................1 1.1 The Frequency Spectrum ..................................................................................1 1.1.1 Public Media Broadcasting ....................................................................4 1.1.2 Cellular Communication ........................................................................4 1.1.3 Wireless Data Communication .............................................................. 5 1.1.4 Other Fixed or Mobile Wireless Communications ................................ 6 1.2 Wireless Communication Primer ...................................................................... 6 1.2.1 Signal Propagation ................................................................................. 6 1.2.2 Modulation ............................................................................................. 9 1.2.3 Multiplexing ......................................................................................... 11 1.3 Spread Spectrum .............................................................................................12 1.3.1 Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum ...................................................... 13 1.3.2 Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum ................................................. 13 1.3.3 Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing ..................................... 14 1.4 Global System for Mobile and General Packet Radio Service ....................... 15 1.4.1 Global System for Mobile .................................................................... 15 1.4.2 General Packet Radio Service .............................................................. 20 1.5 Code-Division Multiple Access ...................................................................... 24 1.5.1 Code-Division Multiple Access Concept ............................................. 24 1.5.2 IS-95 ..................................................................................................... 25 1.5.3 Software Handoff ................................................................................. 26 1.5.4 Road to 4G ........................................................................................... 27 1.6 GSM Versus CDMA ........................................................................................ 28 1.7 3G Cellular Systems ........................................................................................ 29 1.7.1 UMTS/WCDMA Versus cdma2000 .................................................... 30 1.7.2 UMTS/WCDMA .................................................................................. 30 1.7.3 cdma2000 ............................................................................................. 31 1.7.4 4G Cellular Systems ............................................................................ 33 1.8 2G Mobile Wireless Services .......................................................................... 34 1.8.1 WAP and iMode ................................................................................... 34 1.8.2 Short Message Service ......................................................................... 35 vii
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