Android Recovery 模式
(muddogxp 原创,转载请注明)
http://blogold.chinaunix.net/u/14459/showart_1911144.html
Recovery简介
Android 利用 Recovery 模式,进行恢复出厂设置,OTA 升级,patch 升级及
firmware 升级。
升级一般通过运行升级包中的 META-INF/com/google/android/update-script
脚本来执行自定义升级,脚本中是一组 recovery 系统能识别的 UI 控制,文件
系统操作命令,例如 write_raw_image(写 FLASH 分区),copy_dir(复制目
录)。该包一般被下载至 SDCARD 和 CACHE 分区下。如果对该包内容感兴趣,可
以从 http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=442480 下载 JF 升
级包来看看。
升级中还涉及到包的数字签名,签名方式和普通 JAR 文件签名差不错。公钥会
被硬编译入 recovery,编译时生成在:
out/target/product/XX/obj/PACKAGING/ota_keys_inc_intermediates/keys.
inc
G1中的三种启动模式
MAGIC KEY:
• camera + power:bootloader 模式,ADP 里则可以使用 fastboot 模式
• home + power:recovery 模式
• 正常启动
Bootloader 正常启动,又有三种方式,按照 BCB(Bootloader Control
Block, 下节介绍)中的 command 分类:
• command == 'boot-recovery' → 启动 recovery.img。recovery 模式
• command == 'update-radio/hboot' → 更新 firmware(bootloader)
•
其他 启动 boot.img
→
Recovery涉及到的其他系统及文件
• CACHE 分区文件
Recovery 工具通过 NAND cache 分区上的三个文件和主系统打交道。主系
统(包括恢复出厂设置和 OTA 升级)可以写入 recovery 所需的命令,读
出 recovery 过程中的 LOG 和 intent。
• /cache/recovery/command: recovery 命令,由主系统写入。所有命
令如下:
• --send_intent=anystring - write the text out to recovery.intent
• --update_package=root:path - verify install an OTA package file
• --wipe_data - erase user data (and cache), then reboot
• --wipe_cache - wipe cache (but not user data), then reboot
• /cache/recovery/log:recovery 过程日志,由主系统读出
• /cache/recovery/intent:recovery 输出的 intent
• MISC 分区内容
Bootloader Control Block (BCB) 存放 recovery bootloader message。结构如
下:
struct bootloader_message {
char command[32];
char status[32]; // 未知用途
char recovery[1024];
};
• command 可以有以下两个值
“boot-recovery”:标示 recovery 正在进行,或指示 bootloader 应该进
入 recovery mode
“update-hboot/radio”:指示 bootloader 更新 firmware
• recovery 内容
“recovery\n
\n
”
其中 recovery command 为 CACHE:/recovery/command 命令
两种Recovery Case
• FACTORY RESET(恢复出厂设置)
“
”
用户选择 恢复出厂设置
1.
2. 设置系统将"--wipe_data"命令写入/cache/recovery/command
3. 系统重启,并进入 recover 模式(/sbin/recovery)
4. get_args() 将 "boot-recovery"和"--wipe_data"写入 BCB
5. erase_root() 格式化(擦除)DATA 分区
6. erase_root() 格式化(擦除)CACHE 分区
7. finish_recovery() 擦除 BCB
8. 重启系统
• OTA INSTALL(OTA 升级)
1. 升级系统下载 OTA 包到/cache/some-filename.zip
2. 升级系统写入 recovery 命令"--update_package=CACHE:some-filename.zip"
3. 重启,并进入 recovery 模式
4. get_args() 将"boot-recovery" 和 "--update_package=..." 写入 BCB
5. install_package() 作升级
6. finish_recovery() 擦除 BCB
7. ** 如果安装包失败 ** prompt_and_wait() 等待用户操作,选择 ALT+S 或
ALT+W 升级或恢复出厂设置
8. main() 调用 maybe_install_firmware_update()
1. 如果包里有 hboot/radio 的 firmware 则继续,否则返回
2. 将 "boot-recovery" 和 "--wipe_cache" 写入 BCB
3. 将 firmware image 写入 cache 分区
4. 将 "update-radio/hboot" 和 "--wipe_cache" 写入 BCB
5. 重启系统
6. bootloader 自身更新 firmware
7. bootloader 将 "boot-recovery" 写入 BCB
8. erase_root() 擦除 CACHE 分区
9. 清除 BCB
9. main() 调用 reboot() 重启系统
Recovery模式流程
/init → init.rc → /sbin/recovery →
main():recovery.c
• ui_init():ui.c [UI initialize]
• gr_init():minui/graphics.c [set tty0 to graphic mode,
open fb0]
• ev_init():minui/events.c [open /dev/input/event*]
• res_create_surface:minui/resource.c [create surfaces for
all bitmaps used later, include icons, bmps]
• create 2 threads: progress/input_thread [create progress
show and input event handler thread]
• get_args():recovery.c
• get_bootloader_message():bootloader.c [read mtdblock0(misc
partition) 2nd page for commandline]
• check if nand misc partition has boot message. If yes,
fill argc/argv.
• If no, get arguments from /cache/recovery/command, and
fill argc/argv.
• set_bootloader_message():bootloader.c [set bootloader
message back to mtdblock0]
• Parser argv[] filled above
• register_update_commands():commands.c [ register all commands
with name and hook function ]
• registerCommand():commands.c
• Register command with name, hook, type, cookie.
• Commands, e.g: assert, delete, copy_dir, symlink,
write_raw_image.
• registerFunction():commands.c
• Register function with name, hook, cookie.
• Function, e.g: get_mark, matches, getprop,
file_contains
• install_package():
• translate_root_path():roots.c [ "SYSTEM:lib" and turns it
into a string like "/system/lib", translate the
updater.zip path ]
• mzOpenZipArchive():zip.c [ open updater.zip file
(uncompass) ]
• handle_update_package():install.c
• verify_jar_signature():verifier.c [ verify signature
with keys.inc key; verify manifest and zip package
archive ]
• verifySignature() [ verify the signature file:
CERT.sf/rsa. ]
• digestEntry():verifier.c [ get SHA-1 digest
of CERT.sf file ]
• RSA_verify(public key:keys.inc,
signature:CERT.rsa, CERT.sf's
digest):libc/rsa.c [ Verify a 2048 bit RSA
PKCS1.5 signature against an expected SHA-1
hash. Use public key to decrypt the
CERT.rsa to get original SHA digest, then
compare to digest of CERT.sf ]
• verifyManifest() [ Get manifest SHA1-Digest from
CERT.sf. Then do digest to MANIFEST.MF. Compare
them ]
• verifyArchive() [ verify all the files in
update.zip with digest listed in MANIFEST.MF ]
• find_update_script():install.c [ find META-
INF/com/google/android/update-script updater script ]
• handle_update_script():install.c [ read cmds from
script file, and do parser, exec ]
• parseAmendScript():amend.c [ call yyparse() to
parse to command ]
• exeCommandList():install.c
• exeCommand():execute.c [ call command hook
function ]
• erase DATA/CACHE partition
• prompt_and_wait():recovery.c [ wait for user input: 1) reboot
2) update.zip 3) wipe data ]
• ui_key_xxx get ALT+x keys
• 1) do nothing
• 2) install_package('SDCARD:update.zip')
• 3) erase_root() → format_root_device() DATA/CACHE
• may_install_firmware_update():firmware.c
[ remember_firmware_update() is called by
write_hboot/radio_image command, it stores the bootloader image
to CACHE partition, and write update-hboot/radio command to
MISC partition for bootloader message to let bootloader update
itself after reboot ]
• set_bootloader_message()
• write_update_for_bootloader():bootloader.c [ write
firmware image into CACHE partition with update_header,
busyimage and failimage ]
• finish_recovery():recovery.c [ clear the recovery command and
prepare to boot a (hopefully working) system, copy our log file
to cache as well (for the system to read), and record any
intent we were asked to communicate back to the system. ]
• reboot()
Recovery 模式流程图
以下流程图绘制了系统从启动加载 bootloader 后的行为流程。