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Analog Circuit Design - Discrete & Integrated 1st Edition 2015.pdf

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Front Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication Page
CONTENTS (with direct page links)
Preface
A word of advice to the student
1. Diodes and the pn Junction
1.1 The Ideal Diode
1.2 Basic Diode Applications
1.3 Operational Amplifiers and Diode Applications
1.4 Semiconductors
1.5 The pn Junction in Equilibrium
1.6 Effect of External Bias on the SCL Parameters
1.7 The pn Diode Equation
1.8 The Reverse-Biased pn Junction
1.9 Forward-Biased Diode Characteristics
1.10 Dc Analysis of pn Diode Circuits
1.11 Ac Analysis of pn Diode Circuits
1.12 Breakdown-Region Operation
1.13 Dc Power Supplies
Appendix 1A: SPICE Models for Diodes
References
Problems
2. Bipolar Junction Transistors
2.1 Physical Structure of the BJT
2.2 Basic BJT Operation
2.3 The i-v Characteristics of BJTs
2.4 Operating Regions and BJT Models
2.5 The BJT as an Amplifier/Switch
2.6 Small-Signal Operation of the BJT
2.7 BJT Biasing for Amplifier Design
2.8 Basic Bipolar Voltage Amplifiers
2.9 Bipolar Voltage and Current Buffers
Appendix 2A: SPICE Models for BJTs
References
Problems
3. MOS Field-Effect Transistors
3.1 Physical Structure of the MOSFET
3.2 The Threshold Voltage V[sub(t)]
3.3 The n-Channel Characteristic
3.4 The i-v Characteristics of MOSFETs
3.5 MOSFETs in Resistive Dc Circuits
3.6 The MOSFET as an Amplifier/Switch
3.7 Small-Signal Operation of the MOSFET
3.8 Basic MOSFET Voltage Amplifiers
3.9 MOSFET Voltage and Current Buffers
3.10 The CMOS Inverter/Amplifier
Appendix 3A: SPICE Models for MOSFETs
References
Problems
4. Building Blocks for Analog Integrated Circuits
4.1 Design Considerations in Monolithic Circuits
4.2 BJT Characteristics and Models Revisited
4.3 MOSFET Characteristics and Models Revisited
4.4 Darlington, Cascode, and Cascade Configurations
4.5 Differential Pairs
4.6 Common-Mode Rejection Ratio in Differential Pairs
4.7 Input Offset Voltage/Current in Differential Pairs
4.8 Current Mirrors
4.9 Differential Pairs with Active Loads
4.10 Bipolar Output Stages
4.11 CMOS Output Stages
Appendix 4A: Editing SPICE Netlists
References
Problems
5. Analog Integrated Circuits
5.1 The μA741 Operational Amplifier
5.2 The Two-Stage CMOS Operational Amplifier
5.3 The Folded-Cascode CMOS Operational Amplifier
5.4 Voltage Comparators
5.5 Current and Voltage References
5.6 Current-Mode Integrated Circuits
5.7 Fully Differential Operational Amplifiers
5.8 Switched-Capacitor Circuits
Appendix 5A: SPICE Macro-Models
References
Problems
6. Frequency and Time Responses
6.1 High-Frequency BJT Model
6.2 High-Frequency MOSFET Model
6.3 Frequency Response of CE/CS Amplifiers
6.4 Frequency Response of Differential Amplifiers
6.5 Bipolar Voltage and Current Buffers
6.6 MOS Voltage and Current Buffers
6.7 Open-Circuit Time-Constant (OCTC) Analysis
6.8 Frequency Response of Cascode Amplifiers
6.9 Frequency and Transient Responses of Op Amps
6.10 Diode Switching Transients
6.11 BJT Switching Transients
6.12 Transient Response of CMOS Gates and Voltage Comparators
Appendix 6A: Transfer Functions and Bode Plots
References
Problems
7. Feedback, Stability, and Noise
7.1 Negative-Feedback Basics
7.2 Effect of Feedback on Distortion, Noise, and Bandwidth
7.3 Feedback Topologies and Closed-Loop I/O Resistances
7.4 Practical Configurations and the Effect of Loading
7.5 Return Ratio Analysis
7.6 Blackman's Impedance Formula and Injection Methods
7.7 Stability in Negative-Feedback Circuits
7.8 Dominant-Pole Compensation
7.9 Frequency Compensation of Monolithic Op Amps
7.10 Noise
References
Problems
INDEX
A-B
C
D
E-F
G
H-I
J
L
M
N
O
P
Q-R
S
T
U
V
W
Z
ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN DISCRETE AND INTEGRATED
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ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN DISCRETE AND INTEGRATED Sergio Franco San Francisco State University
ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN: DISCRETE AND INTEGRATED Published by McGraw-Hill Education, 2 Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121. Copyright © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education, including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOC/DOC 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 ISBN 978-0-07-802819-9 MHID 0-07-802819-1 Senior Vice President, Products & Markets: Kurt L. Strand Vice President, General Manager: Marty Lange Vice President, Content Production & Technology Services: Kimberly Meriwether David Global Publisher: Raghu Srinivasan Marketing Manager: Nick McFadden Director, Content Production: Terri Schiesl Lead Project Manager: Jane Mohr Buyer: Laura Fuller Cover Designer: Studio Montage, St. Louis, MO Cover Image: © Brand X/Superstock Compositor: MPS Limited Typeface: 10/12 Times Printer: R. R. Donnelley All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Franco, Sergio. Analog circuit design : discrete and integrated / Sergio Franco, professor of EECS at San Francisco State University. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-07-802819-9 (alk. paper) 1. Electronic circuit design. I. Title. TK7867.F687 2015 621.3815—dc23 2013035489 The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion of a website does not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw-Hill Education, and McGraw- Hill Education does not guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at these sites. www.mhhe.com
Dedication In Memory of My Parents Luigia Braidotti and Luigi Franco
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Contents Preface ix Chapter 1 Diodes and the pn Junction 1 1.1 The Ideal Diode 3 1.2 Basic Diode Applications 10 1.3 Operational Amplifi ers and Diode Applications 21 1.4 Semiconductors 25 1.5 The pn Junction in Equilibrium 34 1.6 Effect of External Bias on the SCL Parameters 39 1.7 The pn Diode Equation 43 1.8 The Reverse-Biased pn Junction 50 1.9 Forward-Biased Diode Characteristics 53 1.10 Dc Analysis of pn Diode Circuits 58 1.11 Ac Analysis of pn Diode Circuits 67 1.12 Breakdown-Region Operation 76 1.13 Dc Power Supplies 84 Appendix 1A: SPICE Models for Diodes 90 References 93 Problems 93 Chapter 2 Bipolar Junction Transistors 109 2.1 Physical Structure of the BJT 112 2.2 Basic BJT Operation 117 2.3 The i-v Characteristics of BJTs 130 2.4 Operating Regions and BJT Models 137 2.5 The BJT as an Amplifi er/Switch 150 2.6 Small-Signal Operation of the BJT 157 2.7 BJT Biasing for Amplifi er Design 169 2.8 Basic Bipolar Voltage Amplifi ers 177 2.9 Bipolar Voltage and Current Buffers 189 Appendix 2A: SPICE Models for BJTs 201 References 203 Problems 203 Chapter 3 MOS Field-Effect Transistors 221 3.1 Physical Structure of the MOSFET 224 3.2 The Threshold Voltage Vt 226 3.3 The n-Channel Characteristic 237 3.4 The i-v Characteristics of MOSFETs 247 3.5 MOSFETs in Resistive Dc Circuits 259 3.6 The MOSFET as an Amplifi er/Switch 273 3.7 Small-Signal Operation of the MOSFET 282 3.8 Basic MOSFET Voltage Amplifi ers 290 3.9 MOSFET Voltage and Current Buffers 300 3.10 The CMOS Inverter/Amplifi er 306 Appendix 3A: SPICE Models for MOSFETs 314 References 316 Problems 316 Chapter 4 Building Blocks for Analog Integrated Circuits 332 4.1 Design Considerations in Monolithic Circuits 334 4.2 BJT Characteristics and Models Revisited 342 4.3 MOSFET Characteristics and Models Revisited 357 4.4 Darlington, Cascode, and Cascade Confi gurations 371 4.5 Differential Pairs 386 vii
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