threadx用户手册.pdf

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Contents

Figures

About This Guide

Organization

Guide Conventions

ThreadX Data Types

Customer Support Center

Where to Send Comments

Introduction to ThreadX

ThreadX Unique Features

picokernel™ Architecture

ANSI C Source Code

Not A Black Box

A Potential Standard

Embedded Applications

Real-time Software

Multitasking

Tasks vs. Threads

ThreadX Benefits

Improved Responsiveness

Software Maintenance

Increased Throughput

Processor Isolation

Dividing the Application

Ease of Use

Improve Time-to-market

Protecting the Software Investment

Installation and Use of ThreadX

Host Considerations

Target Considerations

Product Distribution

ThreadX Installation

Using ThreadX

Small Example System

Troubleshooting

Configuration Options

ThreadX Version ID

Functional Components of ThreadX

Execution Overview

Initialization

Thread Execution

Interrupt Service Routines (ISR)

Application Timers

Memory Usage

Static Memory Usage

Dynamic Memory Usage

Initialization

System Reset

Development Tool Initialization

main

tx_kernel_enter

Application Definition Function

Interrupts

Thread Execution

Thread Execution States

Thread Priorities

Thread Scheduling

Round-Robin Scheduling

Time-Slicing

Preemption

Preemption- Threshold™

Priority Inheritance

Thread Creation

Thread Control Block TX_THREAD

Currently Executing Thread

Thread Stack Area

Memory Pitfalls

Reentrancy

Thread Priority Pitfalls

Priority Overhead

Debugging Pitfalls

Message Queues

Creating Message Queues

Message Size

Message Queue Capacity

Queue Memory Area

Thread Suspension

Queue Control Block TX_QUEUE

Message Destination Pitfall

Counting Semaphores

Mutual Exclusion

Event Notification

Creating Counting Semaphores

Thread Suspension

Semaphore Control Block TX_SEMAPHORE

Deadly Embrace

Priority Inversion

Mutexes

Mutex Mutual Exclusion

Creating Mutexes

Thread Suspension

Mutex Control Block TX_MUTEX

Deadly Embrace

Priority Inversion

Event Flags

Creating Event Flag Groups

Thread Suspension

Event Flag Group Control Block TX_EVENT_FLAGS_GROUP

Memory Block Pools

Creating Memory Block Pools

Memory Block Size

Pool Capacity

Pool’s Memory Area

Thread Suspension

Memory Block Pool Control Block TX_BLOCK_POOL

Overwriting Memory Blocks

Memory Byte Pools

Creating Memory Byte Pools

Pool Capacity

Pool’s Memory Area

Thread Suspension

Memory Byte Pool Control Block TX_BYTE_POOL

Un-deterministic Behavior

Overwriting Memory Blocks

Application Timers

Timer Intervals

Timer Accuracy

Timer Execution

Creating Application Timers

Application Timer Control Block TX_TIMER

Excessive Timers

Relative Time

Interrupts

Interrupt Control

ThreadX Managed Interrupts

ISR Template

High-Frequency Interrupts

Interrupt Latency

Description of ThreadX Services

tx_block_allocate

tx_block_pool_create

tx_block_pool_delete

tx_block_pool_info_get

tx_block_pool_prioritize

tx_block_release

tx_byte_allocate

tx_byte_pool_create

tx_byte_pool_delete

tx_byte_pool_info_get

tx_byte_pool_prioritize

tx_byte_release

tx_event_flags_create

tx_event_flags_delete

tx_event_flags_get

tx_event_flags_info_get

tx_event_flags_set

tx_interrupt_control

tx_mutex_create

tx_mutex_delete

tx_mutex_get

tx_mutex_info_get

tx_mutex_prioritize

tx_mutex_put

tx_queue_create

tx_queue_delete

tx_queue_flush

tx_queue_front_send

tx_queue_info_get

tx_queue_prioritize

tx_queue_receive

tx_queue_send

tx_semaphore_create

tx_semaphore_delete

tx_semaphore_get

tx_semaphore_info_get

tx_semaphore_prioritize

tx_semaphore_put

tx_thread_create

tx_thread_delete

tx_thread_identify

tx_thread_info_get

tx_thread_preemption_change

tx_thread_priority_change

tx_thread_relinquish

tx_thread_resume

tx_thread_sleep

tx_thread_suspend

tx_thread_terminate

tx_thread_time_slice_change

tx_thread_wait_abort

tx_time_get

tx_time_set

tx_timer_activate

tx_timer_change

tx_timer_create

tx_timer_deactivate

tx_timer_delete

tx_timer_info_get

I/O Drivers for ThreadX

I/O Driver Introduction

Driver Functions

Driver Initialization

Driver Control

Driver Access

Driver Input

Driver Output

Driver Interrupts

Driver Status

Driver Termination

Simple Driver Example

Simple Driver Initialization

Simple Driver Input

Simple Driver Output

Simple Driver Shortcomings

Advanced Driver Issues

I/O Buffering

Circular Byte Buffers

Circular Buffer Input

Circular Output Buffer

Buffer I/O Management

TX_IO_BUFFER

Buffered I/O Advantage

Buffered Driver Responsibilities

Interrupt Management

Thread Suspension

Demonstration System for ThreadX

Overview

Application Define

Initial Execution

Thread 0

Thread 1

Thread 2

Threads 3 and 4

Thread 5

Threads 6 and 7

Observing the Demonstration

Distribution file: demo.c

Internal Composition of ThreadX

ThreadX Design Goals

Simplicity

Scalability

High Performance

ThreadX ANSI C Library

System Include Files

System Entry

Application Definition

Software Components

ThreadX Components

Component Specification File

Component Initialization

Component Body Functions

Coding Conventions

ThreadX File Names

ThreadX Name Space

ThreadX Constants

ThreadX Struct and Typedef Names

ThreadX Member Names

ThreadX Global Data

ThreadX Local Data

ThreadX Function Names

Source Code Indentation

Comments

Initialization Component

TX_INI.H

TX_IHL.C

TX_IKE.C

TX_ILL.[S, ASM]

Thread Component

TX_THR.H

TX_TC.C

TX_TCR.[S,ASM]

TX_TCS.[S,ASM]

TX_TDEL.C

TX_TI.C

TX_TIC.[S,ASM]

TX_TIDE.C

TX_TIG.C

TX_TPC.[S,ASM]

TX_TPCH.C

TX_TPRCH.C

TX_TR.C

TX_TRA.C

TX_TREL.C

TX_TS.[S,ASM]

TX_TSA.C

TX_TSB.[S,ASM]

TX_TSE.C

TX_TSLE.C

TX_TSR.[S,ASM]

TX_TSUS.C

TX_TT.C

TX_TTO.C

TX_TTS.C

TX_TTSC.C

TX_TWA.C

TXE_TC.C

TXE_TDEL.C

TXE_TIG.C

TXE_TPCH.C

TXE_TRA.C

TXE_TREL.C

TXE_TRPC.C

TXE_TSA.C

TXE_TT.C

TXE_TTSC.C

TXE_TWA.C

Timer Component

TX_TIM.H

TX_TA.C

TX_TAA.C

TX_TD.C

TX_TDA.C

TX_TIMCH.C

TX_TIMCR.C

TX_TIMD.C

TX_TIMEG.C

TX_TIMES.C

TX_TIMI.C

TX_TIMIG.C

TX_TIMIN.[S,ASM]

TX_TTE.C

TXE_TAA.C

TXE_TDA.C

TXE_TIMD.C

TXE_TIMI.C

TXE_TMCH.C

TXE_TMCR.C

Queue Component

TX_QUE.H

TX_QC.C

TX_QCLE.C

TX_QD.C

TX_QF.C

TX_QFS.C

TX_QI.C

TX_QIG.C

TX_QP.C

TX_QR.C

TX_QS.C

TXE_QC.C

TXE_QD.C

TXE_QF.C

TXE_QFS.C

TXE_QIG.C

TXE_QP.C

TXE_QR.C

TXE_QS.C

Semaphore Component

TX_SEM.H

TX_SC.C

TX_SCLE.C

TX_SD.C

TX_SG.C

TX_SI.C

TX_SIG.C

TX_SP.C

TX_SPRI.C

TXE_SC.C

TXE_SD.C

TXE_SG.C

TXE_SIG.C

TXE_SP.C

TXE_SPRI.C

Mutex Component

TX_MUT.H

TX_MC.C

TX_MCLE.C

TX_MD.C

TX_MG.C

TX_MI.C

TX_MIG.C

TX_MP.C

TX_MPC.C

TX_MPRI.C

TXE_MC.C

TXE_MD.C

TXE_MG.C

TXE_MIG.C

TXE_MP.C

TXE_MPRI.C

Event Flag Component

TX_EVE.H

TX_EFC.C

TX_EFCLE.C

TX_EFD.C

TX_EFG.C

TX_EFI.C

TX_EFIG.C

TX_EFS.C

TXE_EFC.C

TXE_EFD.C

TXE_EFG.C

TXE_EFIG.C

TXE_EFS.C

Block Memory Component

TX_BLO.H

TX_BA.C

TX_BPC.C

TX_BPCLE.C

TX_BPD.C

TX_BPI.C

TX_BPIG.C

TX_BPP.C

TX_BR.C

TXE_BA.C

TXE_BPC.C

TXE_BPD.C

TXE_BPIG.C

TXE_BPP.C

TXE_BR.C

Byte Memory Component

TX_BYT.H

TX_BYTA.C

TX_BYTC.C

TX_BYTCL.C

TX_BYTD.C

TX_BYTI.C

TX_BYTIG.C

TX_BYTPP.C

TX_BYTR.C

TX_BYTS.C

TXE_BTYA.C

TXE_BYTC.C

TXE_BYTD.C

TXE_BYTG.C

TXE_BYTP.C

TXE_BYTR.C

ThreadX API Services

Entry Function

Byte Memory Services

Block Memory Services

Event Flag Services

Interrupt Control

Message Queue Services

Semaphore Services

Mutex Services

Thread Control Services

Time Services

Timer Services

ThreadX Constants

Alphabetic Listings

Listing by Value

ThreadX Data Types

ThreadX Source Files

ThreadX C Include Files

ThreadX C Source Files

ThreadX Port Specific Assembly Language Files

ASCII Character Codes in HEX

ASCII Character Codes

Index

® the high-performance embedded kernel USER GUIDE Express Logic, Inc. 858-613-6640 Toll Free 888-THREADX FAX 858-613-6646 http://www.expresslogic.com

©1997-2002 by Express Logic, Inc. All rights reserved. This document and the associated ThreadX software are the sole property of Express Logic, Inc. Each contains proprietary information of Express Logic, Inc. Reproduction or duplication by any means of any portion of this document without the prior written consent of Express Logic, Inc. is expressly forbidden. Express Logic, Inc. reserves the right to make changes to the specifications described herein at any time and without notice in order to improve design or reliability of ThreadX. The information in this document has been carefully checked for accuracy; however, Express Logic, Inc. makes no warranty pertaining to the correctness of this document. Trademarks ThreadX is a registered trademark of Express Logic, Inc., and picokernel, and preemption-threshold are trademarks of Express Logic, Inc. All other product and company names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Warranty Limitations Express Logic, Inc. makes no warranty of any kind that the ThreadX products will meet the USER’s requirements, or will operate in the manner specified by the USER, or that the operation of the ThreadX products will operate uninterrupted or error free, or that any defects that may exist in the ThreadX products will be corrected after the warranty period. Express Logic, Inc. makes no warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to the ThreadX products. No oral or written information or advice given by Express Logic, Inc., its dealers, distributors, agents, or employees shall create any other warranty or in any way increase the scope of this warranty, and licensee may not rely on any such information or advice. Part Number: 000-1001 Revision 4.0b Express Logic, Inc.

Contents Figures 7 About This Guide 9 1 Guide Conventions 10 1 ThreadX Data Types 11 1 Customer Support Center 12 1 Introduction to ThreadX 13 1 ThreadX Unique Features 14 1 Embedded Applications 15 1 ThreadX Benefits 17 2 Installation and Use of ThreadX 21 1 Host Considerations 22 1 Target Considerations 22 1 Product Distribution 23 1 ThreadX Installation 24 1 Using ThreadX 25 1 Small Example System 26 1 Troubleshooting 28 1 Configuration Options 28 1 ThreadX Version ID 29 User Guide

4 ThreadX 3 Functional Components of ThreadX 31 1 Execution Overview 34 1 Memory Usage 36 1 Initialization 38 1 Thread Execution 40 1 Message Queues 55 1 Counting Semaphores 58 1 Mutexes 62 1 Event Flags 65 1 Memory Block Pools 67 1 Memory Byte Pools 69 1 Application Timers 73 1 Relative Time 75 1 Interrupts 75 4 Description of ThreadX Services 79 5 I/O Drivers for ThreadX 213 1 I/O Driver Introduction 214 1 Driver Functions 214 1 Simple Driver Example 216 1 Advanced Driver Issues 221 6 Demonstration System for ThreadX 229 1 Overview 230 1 Application Define 230 1 Thread 0 232 1 Thread 1 232 1 Thread 2 232 User Guide

Contents 5 1 Threads 3 and 4 233 1 Thread 5 233 1 Threads 6 and 7 234 1 Observing the Demonstration 234 1 Distribution file: demo.c 235 7 Internal Composition of ThreadX 241 1 ThreadX Design Goals 246 1 Software Components 248 1 Coding Conventions 250 1 Initialization Component 256 1 Thread Component 257 1 Timer Component 265 1 Queue Component 270 1 Semaphore Component 273 1 Mutex Component 275 1 Event Flag Component 278 1 Block Memory Component 280 1 Byte Memory Component 283 A ThreadX API Services 287 B ThreadX Constants 293 1 Alphabetic Listings 294 1 Listing by Value 295 C ThreadX Data Types 297 Express Logic, Inc.

6 ThreadX D ThreadX Source Files 303 1 ThreadX C Include Files 304 1 ThreadX C Source Files 304 1 ThreadX Port Specific Assembly Language Files 310 E ASCII Character Codes 311 1 ASCII Character Codes in HEX 312 Index 313 User Guide

Figures FIGURE 1. FIGURE 2. FIGURE 3. FIGURE 4. FIGURE 5. FIGURE 6. FIGURE 7. FIGURE 8. FIGURE 9. Template for Application Development 27 Types of Program Execution 35 Memory Area Example 37 Initialization Process 41 Thread State Transition 43 Typical Thread Stack 49 Stack Preset to 0xEFEF 51 Example of Suspended Threads 61 Simple Driver Initialization 218 FIGURE 10. Simple Driver Input 219 FIGURE 11. Simple Driver Output 220 FIGURE 12. Logic for Circular Input Buffer 222 FIGURE 13. Logic for Circular Output Buffer 223 FIGURE 14. I/O Buffer 224 FIGURE 15. Input-Output Lists 226 FIGURE 16. ThreadX File Header Example 255 User Guide

8 ThreadX User Guide

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