Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications.pdf

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Object-oriented analysis and design with applications, 3rd Edition

Contents

Sidebars

Preface

Acknowledgments

About the Authors

Section I: Concepts

Chapter 1 Complexity

1.1 The Structure of Complex Systems

1.2 The Inherent Complexity of Software

1.3 The Five Attributes of a Complex System

1.4 Organized and Disorganized Complexity

1.5 Bringing Order to Chaos

1.6 On Designing Complex Systems

Chapter 2 The Object Model

2.1 The Evolution of the Object Model

2.2 Foundations of the Object Model

2.3 Elements of the Object Model

2.4 Applying the Object Model

Chapter 3 Classes and Objects

3.1 The Nature of an Object

3.2 Relationships among Objects

3.3 The Nature of a Class

3.4 Relationships among Classes

3.5 The Interplay of Classes and Objects

3.6 On Building Quality Classes and Objects

Chapter 4 Classification

4.1 The Importance of Proper Classification

4.2 Identifying Classes and Objects

4.3 Key Abstractions and Mechanisms

Section II: Method

Chapter 5 Notation

5.1 The Unified Modeling Language

5.2 Package Diagrams

5.3 Component Diagrams

5.4 Deployment Diagrams

5.5 Use Case Diagrams

5.6 Activity Diagrams

5.7 Class Diagrams

5.8 Sequence Diagrams

5.9 Interaction Overview Diagrams

5.10 Composite Structure Diagrams

5.11 State Machine Diagrams

5.12 Timing Diagrams

5.13 Object Diagrams

5.14 Communication Diagrams

Chapter 6 Process

6.1 First Principles

6.2 The Macro Process: The Software Development Lifecycle

6.3 The Micro Process: The Analysis and Design Process

Chapter 7 Pragmatics

7.1 Management and Planning

7.2 Staffing

7.3 Release Management

7.4 Reuse

7.5 Quality Assurance and Metrics

7.6 Documentation

7.7 Tools

7.8 Special Topics

7.9 The Benefits and Risks of Object-Oriented Development

Section III: Applications

Chapter 8 System Architecture: Satellite-Based Navigation

8.1 Inception

8.2 Elaboration

8.3 Construction

8.4 Post-Transition

Chapter 9 Control System: Traffic Management

9.1 Inception

9.2 Elaboration

9.3 Construction

9.4 Post-Transition

Chapter 10 Artificial Intelligence: Cryptanalysis

10.1 Inception

10.2 Elaboration

10.3 Construction

10.4 Post-Transition

Chapter 11 Data Acquisition: Weather Monitoring Station

11.1 Inception

11.2 Elaboration

11.3 Construction

11.4 Post-Transition

Chapter 12 Web Application: Vacation Tracking System

12.1 Inception

12.2 Elaboration

12.3 Construction

12.4 Transition and Post-Transition

Appendix A: Object-Oriented Programming Languages

A.1 Language Evolution

A.2 Smalltalk

A.3 C++

A.4 Java

Appendix B: Further Reading

Notes

Glossary

Classified Bibliography

Index

Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications Third Edition

The Addison-Wesley Object Technology Series Grady Booch, Ivar Jacobson, and James Rumbaugh, Series Editors For more information, check out the series web site at www.awprofessional.com/otseries. Ahmed/Umrysh, Developing Enterprise Java Applications with J2EE™ and UML Arlow/Neustadt, Enterprise Patterns and MDA: Building Better Software with Archetype Patterns and UML Arlow/Neustadt, UML 2 and the Uniﬁed Process, Second Edition Armour/Miller, Advanced Use Case Modeling: Software Systems Bellin/Simone, The CRC Card Book Bergström/Råberg, Adopting the Rational Uniﬁed Process: Success with the RUP Binder, Testing Object-Oriented Systems: Models, Patterns, and Tools Bittner/Spence, Use Case Modeling Booch, Object Solutions: Managing the Object-Oriented Project Booch, Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications, 2E Booch/Bryan, Software Engineering with ADA, 3E Booch/Rumbaugh/Jacobson, The Uniﬁed Modeling Language User Guide, Second Edition Box et al., Effective COM: 50 Ways to Improve Your COM and MTS- based Applications Buckley/Pulsipher, The Art of ClearCase® Deployment Carlson, Modeling XML Applications with UML: Practical e-Business Applications Clarke/Baniassad, Aspect-Oriented Analysis and Design Collins, Designing Object-Oriented User Interfaces Conallen, Building Web Applications with UML, 2E Denney, Succeeding with Use Cases D’Souza/Wills, Objects, Components, and Frameworks with UML: The Catalysis(SM) Approach Douglass, Doing Hard Time: Developing Real-Time Systems with UML, Objects, Frameworks, and Patterns Douglass, Real-Time Design Patterns: Robust Scalable Architecture for Real-Time Systems Douglass, Real Time UML, 3E: Advances in The UML for Real-Time Systems Eeles et al., Building J2EE™Applications with the Rational Uniﬁed Process Fowler, Analysis Patterns: Reusable Object Models Fowler, UML Distilled, 3E: A Brief Guide to the Standard Object Modeling Language Fowler et al., Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code Gomaa, Designing Concurrent, Distributed, and Real-Time Applications with UML Gomaa, Designing Software Product Lines with UML Heinckiens, Building Scalable Database Applications: Object-Oriented Design, Architectures, and Implementations Hofmeister/Nord/Dilip, Applied Software Architecture Jacobson/Booch/Rumbaugh, The Uniﬁed Software Development Process Jacobson/Ng, Aspect-Oriented Software Development with Use Cases Jordan, C++ Object Databases: Programming with the ODMG Standard Kleppe/Warmer/Bast, MDA Explained: The Model Driven Architecture™: Practice and Promise Kroll/Kruchten, The Rational Uniﬁed Process Made Easy: A Practitioner’s Guide to the RUP Kruchten, The Rational Uniﬁed Process, 3E: An Introduction LaLonde, Discovering Smalltalk Lau, The Art of Objects: Object-Oriented Design and Architecture Lefﬁngwell/Widrig, Managing Software Requirements, 2E: A Use Case Approach Manassis, Practical Software Engineering: Analysis and Design for the .NET Platform Marshall, Enterprise Modeling with UML: Designing Successful Software through Business Analysis McGregor/Sykes, A Practical Guide to Testing Object-Oriented Software Mellor/Balcer, Executable UML: A Foundation for Model-Driven Architecture Mellor et al., MDA Distilled: Principles of Model-Driven Architecture Naiburg/Maksimchuk, UML for Database Design Oestereich, Developing Software with UML, 2E: Object-Oriented Analysis and Design in Practice Page-Jones, Fundamentals of Object-Oriented Design in UML Pohl, Object-Oriented Programming Using C++, 2E Pollice et al. Software Development for Small Teams: A RUP-Centric Approach Quatrani, Visual Modeling with Rational Rose 2002 and UML Rector/Sells, ATL Internals Reed, Developing Applications with Visual Basic and UML Rosenberg/Scott, Applying Use Case Driven Object Modeling with UML: An Annotated e-Commerce Example Rosenberg/Scott, Use Case Driven Object Modeling with UML: A Practical Approach Royce, Software Project Management: A Uniﬁed Framework Rumbaugh/Jacobson/Booch, The Uniﬁed Modeling Language Reference Manual Schneider/Winters, Applying Use Cases, 2E: A Practical Guide Smith, IBM Smalltalk Smith/Williams, Performance Solutions: A Practical Guide to Creating Responsive, Scalable Software Tkach/Fang/So, Visual Modeling Technique Tkach/Puttick, Object Technology in Application Development, Second Edition Unhelkar, Process Quality Assurance for UML-Based Projects Warmer/Kleppe, The Object Constraint Language, 2E: Getting Your Models Ready for MDA White, Software Conﬁguration Management Strategies and Rational ClearCase®: A Practical Introduction The Component Software Series Clemens Szyperski, Series Editor For more information, check out the series web site at www.awprofessional.com/csseries. Cheesman/Daniels, UML Components: A Simple Process for Specifying Component-Based Software Szyperski, Component Software, 2E: Beyond Object-Oriented Programming

Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications Third Edition Grady Booch Robert A. Maksimchuk Michael W. Engle Bobbi J. Young, Ph.D. Jim Conallen Kelli A. Houston Upper Saddle River, NJ • Boston • Indianapolis • San Francisco New York • Toronto • Montreal • London • Munich • Paris • Madrid Capetown • Sydney • Tokyo • Singapore • Mexico City

Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The publisher offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales, which may include electronic versions and/or custom covers and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, and branding interests. For more information, please contact: U.S. Corporate and Government Sales (800) 382-3419 corpsales@pearsontechgroup.com For sales outside the United States please contact: International Sales international@pearsoned.com Visit us on the Web: www.awprofessional.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Object-oriented analysis and design with applications / Grady Booch...[et al.]. — 3rd ed. p. cm. Rev. ed. of: Object-oriented analysis and design with applications / Grady Booch, 2nd ed. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-201-89551-X (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Object-oriented programming (Computer science) I. Booch, Grady. II. Booch, Grady. Object-oriented analysis and design with applications. QA76.64.B66 2007 005.1'17—dc22 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 2007002589 All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to: Pearson Education, Inc. Rights and Contracts Department 75 Arlington Street, Suite 300 Boston, MA 02116 Fax: (617) 848-7047 ISBN 0-201-89551-X Text printed in the United States on recycled paper at Courier in Westford, Massachusetts. First printing, April 2007

To Jan my friend, my lover, my wife —Grady

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Contents Sidebars xi Preface xiii Acknowledgments xix About the Authors xxi Section I Concepts 1 Chapter 1 Complexity 3 1.1 The Structure of Complex Systems 4 1.2 The Inherent Complexity of Software 1.3 The Five Attributes of a Complex System 12 1.4 Organized and Disorganized Complexity 14 1.5 Bringing Order to Chaos 18 1.6 On Designing Complex Systems 24 7 Chapter 2 The Object Model 29 2.1 The Evolution of the Object Model 29 2.2 Foundations of the Object Model 2.3 Elements of the Object Model 2.4 Applying the Object Model 37 43 71 vii

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