USENIX Association
Proceedings of the
2009 USENIX Annual Technical Conference
June 14–19, 2009
San Diego, CA, USA
Conference Organizers
Program Co-Chairs
Geoffrey M. Voelker, University of California, San
Diego
Alec Wolman, Microsoft Research
Program Committee
Remzi Arpaci-Dusseau, University of Wisconsin,
Madison
Ranjita Bhagwan, Microsoft Research India
George Candea, EPFL
Ira Cohen, HP Labs, Israel
Landon Cox, Duke University
John Dunagan, Microsoft Research
Nick Feamster, Georgia Institute of Technology
Michael J. Freedman, Princeton University
Garth Goodson, NetApp
Robert Grimm, New York University
Dirk Grunwald, University of Colorado
Jaeyeon Jung, Intel Research
Sam King, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Geoff Kuenning, Harvey Mudd College
Ed Lazowska, University of Washington
Erich Nahum, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center
Niels Provos, Google, Inc.
Sean Rhea, Meraki, Inc.
Mahadev Satyanarayanan, Carnegie Mellon University
Prashant Shenoy, University of Massachusetts
Marvin Theimer, Amazon.com
Andrew Warfield, University of British Columbia and
Citrix Systems
Yinglian Xie, Microsoft Research Silicon Valley
Ken Yocum, University of California, San Diego
Poster Session Co-Chairs
George Candea, EPFL
Andrew Warfield, University of British Columbia and
Citrix Systems
Invited Talks Program Committee
Dan Klein, USENIX Association
Ellie Young, USENIX Association
The USENIX Association Staff
Atul Adya
Bhavish Aggarwal
Muneeb Ali
David Becker
Sapan Bhatia
Nilton Bila
Silas Boyd-Wickizer
Luis Ceze
Vitaly Chipounov
Anthony Cozzie
Tim Deegan
Fred Douglis
Jeremy Elson
External Reviewers
Cristian Estan
Steve Gribble
Chris Grier
Dan Halperin
Michael Hicks
Wenjun Hu
Hai Huang
Rahul Iyer
Horatiu Jula
Charles Krassic
Arvind Krishnamurthy
Geoffrey Lefebvre
James Lentini
Jie Liu
Susan Martonosi
Trevor Pering
Alkis Polyzotis
Vijayan Prabhakaran
Moheeb Rajab
Charlie Reis
Eric Rescorla
Yaoping Ruan
Stefan Saroiu
Jiri Schindler
Simon Schubert
Vyas Sekar
Hovav Shacham
Neil Spring
Kiran Srinivasan
Radu Stoica
John Strunk
Sai Susarla
Srinivasan Venkatachary
Michael Vrable
Yi Wang
John Zahorjan
Cristian Zamfir
Nickolai Zeldovich
Lintao Zhang
2009 USENIX Annual Technical Conference
June 14–19, 2009
San Diego, CA, USA
Message from the Program Co-Chairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Wednesday, June 17
Virtualization
Satori: Enlightened Page Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Grzegorz Miłoś, Derek G. Murray, and Steven Hand, University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory; Michael
A. Fetterman, NVIDIA Corporation
vNUMA: A Virtual Shared-Memory Multiprocessor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Matthew Chapman, The University of New South Wales and NICTA; Gernot Heiser, The University of New
South Wales, NICTA, and Open Kernel Labs
ShadowNet: A Platform for Rapid and Safe Network Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Xu Chen and Z. Morley Mao, University of Michigan; Jacobus Van der Merwe, AT&T Labs—Research
Networking
Design and Implementation of TCP Data Probes for Reliable and Metric-Rich Network Path Monitoring . . . . . . .43
Xiapu Luo, Edmond W.W. Chan, and Rocky K.C. Chang, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
StrobeLight: Lightweight Availability Mapping and Anomaly Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
James W. Mickens, John R. Douceur, and William J. Bolosky, Microsoft Research; Brian D. Noble, University of
Michigan
Hashing Round-down Prefixes for Rapid Packet Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
Fong Pong, Broadcom Corp.; Nian-Feng Tzeng, Center for Advanced Computer Studies, University of
Louisiana at Lafayette
File and Storage Systems
Tolerating File-System Mistakes with EnvyFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Lakshmi N. Bairavasundaram, NetApp;Inc.; Swaminathan Sundararaman, Andrea C. Arpaci-Dusseau, and
Remzi H. Arpaci-Dusseau, University of Wisconsin—Madison
Decentralized Deduplication in SAN Cluster File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Austin T. Clements, MIT CSAIL; Irfan Ahmad, Murali Vilayannur, and Jinyuan Li, VMware, Inc.
FlexFS: A Flexible Flash File System for MLC NAND Flash Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Sungjin Lee, Keonsoo Ha, Kangwon Zhang, and Jihong Kim, Seoul National University, Korea; Junghwan Kim,
Samsung Electronics, Korea
Layering in Provenance Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Kiran-Kumar Muniswamy-Reddy, Uri Braun, David A. Holland, Peter Macko, Diana Maclean, Daniel Margo,
Margo Seltzer, and Robin Smogor, Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
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2009 USENIX Annual Technical Conference
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Thursday, June 18
Distributed Systems
Object Storage on CRAQ: High-Throughput Chain Replication for Read-Mostly Workloads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Jeff Terrace and Michael J. Freedman, Princeton University
Census: Location-Aware Membership Management for Large-Scale Distributed Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
James Cowling, Dan R.K. Ports, Barbara Liskov, and Raluca Ada Popa, MIT CSAIL; Abhijeet Gaikwad, École
Centrale Paris
Veracity: Practical Secure Network Coordinates via Vote-based Agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Micah Sherr, Matt Blaze, and Boon Thau Loo, University of Pennsylvania
Kernel Development
Decaf: Moving Device Drivers to a Modern Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Matthew J. Renzelmann and Michael M. Swift, University of Wisconsin—Madison
Rump File Systems: Kernel Code Reborn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201
Antti Kantee, Helsinki University of Technology
CiAO: An Aspect-Oriented Operating-System Family for Resource-Constrained Embedded Systems . . . . . . . . . 215
Daniel Lohmann, Wanja Hofer, and Wolfgang Schröder-Preikschat, FAU Erlangen—Nuremberg; Jochen
Streicher and Olaf Spinczyk, TU Dortmund
Automated Management
Automatically Generating Predicates and Solutions for Configuration Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Ya-Yunn Su, NEC Laboratories America; Jason Flinn, University of Michigan
JustRunIt: Experiment-Based Management of Virtualized Data Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Wei Zheng and Ricardo Bianchini, Rutgers University; G. John Janakiraman, Jose Renato Santos, and Yoshio
Turner, HP Labs
vPath: Precise Discovery of Request Processing Paths from Black-Box Observations of Thread and Network
Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Byung Chul Tak, Pennsylvania State University; Chunqiang Tang and Chun Zhang, IBM T.J. Watson Research
Center; Sriram Govindan and Bhuvan Urgaonkar, Pennsylvania State University; Rong N. Chang, IBM T.J.
Watson Research Center
Short Papers
The Restoration of Early UNIX Artifacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273
Warren Toomey, Bond University
Block Management in Solid-State Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279
Abhishek Rajimwale, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Vijayan Prabhakaran and John D. Davis, Microsoft
Research, Silicon Valley
Linux Kernel Developer Responses to Static Analysis Bug Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285
Philip J. Guo and Dawson Engler, Stanford University
Hardware Execution Throttling for Multi-core Resource Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293
Xiao Zhang, Sandhya Dwarkadas, and Kai Shen, University of Rochester
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2009 USENIX Annual Technical Conference
USENIX Association
Friday, June 19
System Optimization
Reducing Seek Overhead with Application-Directed Prefetching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299
Steve VanDeBogart, Christopher Frost, and Eddie Kohler, UCLA
Fido: Fast Inter-Virtual-Machine Communication for Enterprise Appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Anton Burtsev, University of Utah; Kiran Srinivasan, Prashanth Radhakrishnan, Lakshmi N. Bairavasundaram,
Kaladhar Voruganti, and Garth R. Goodson, NetApp, Inc.
STOW: A Spatially and Temporally Optimized Write Caching Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .327
Binny S. Gill and Michael Ko, IBM Almaden Research Center; Biplob Debnath, University of Minnesota; Wendy
Belluomini, IBM Almaden Research Center
Web, Internet, Data Center
Black-Box Performance Control for High-Volume Non-Interactive Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Chunqiang Tang, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center; Sunjit Tara, IBM Software Group, Tivoli; Rong N. Chang
and Chun Zhang, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center
Server Workload Analysis for Power Minimization using Consolidation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
Akshat Verma, Gargi Dasgupta, Tapan Kumar Nayak, Pradipta De, and Ravi Kothari, IBM India Research Lab
RCB: A Simple and Practical Framework for Real-time Collaborative Browsing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369
Chuan Yue, Zi Chu, and Haining Wang, The College of William and Mary
Bugs and Software Updates
The Beauty and the Beast: Vulnerabilities in Red Hat’s Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .383
Stephan Neuhaus, Università degli Studi di Trento; Thomas Zimmermann, Microsoft Research
Immediate Multi-Threaded Dynamic Software Updates Using Stack Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Kristis Makris and Rida A. Bazzi, Arizona State University
Zephyr: Efficient Incremental Reprogramming of Sensor Nodes using Function Call Indirections and Difference
Computation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
Rajesh Krishna Panta, Saurabh Bagchi, and Samuel P. Midkiff, Purdue University
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2009 USENIX Annual Technical Conference
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Message from the Program Co-Chairs
Welcome to the 2009 USENIX Annual Technical Conference!
Once again USENIX Annual Tech continues its tradition of high-quality papers that both break new ground and
provide practical insight into modern computer systems. The program committee accepted 32 excellent papers—28
long and 4 short—selected from 191 submissions. The topics range from tolerating file system errors, tracking data
provenance, and reprogramming sensor networks to breathing new life into UNIX artifacts. The program also
features two engaging plenary talks . James Hamilton from Amazon opens the conference with a keynote on the
critical issue of power in large-scale datacenters, and Hugo Award–winning author David Brin closes the confer-
ence with a plenary on new tools for problem solving in the information age and their policy implications in the
near future .
We had an excellent program committee of 26 members drawn from both industry and academia. As with other
conferences receiving a large number of submissions, the PC reviewed the submitted papers in two rounds. In the
first round, every paper received at least three reviews. Based on these reviews, we assigned at least one additional
review for 10 short papers and two additional reviews for 80 long papers. During the process, we also relied upon
the specific expertise of 52 external reviewers. In total, the 191 submitted papers received 743 reviews. The pro-
gram committee then met on March 12, 2009, for a lively full-day discussion that resulted in the final conference
program. The PC shepherded all accepted papers, and the authors produced the polished final papers that constitute
these proceedings .
As program co-chairs, we stand on the shoulders of many who did a tremendous amount of hard work. First, and
most importantly, we thank all of the authors for their creative and compelling research—the conference and the
community around which it forms would not exist without it. We thank the program committee for their diligence
and commitment—each PC member reviewed nearly 30 papers, a dedicated undertaking. We thank our external re-
viewers for contributing much-needed reviews on short notice, Microsoft for hosting the PC meeting in Redmond,
and Eddie Kohler for his tireless efforts supporting the HotCRP conference management software. Finally, we
thank the USENIX staff—Ellie, Jane-Ellen, Devon, Casey, and many others—for all the tremendous behind-the-
scenes work that makes the conference both a success and a reality .
Finally, we would like to thank our industry sponsors for their support in making the 2009 USENIX Annual
Technical Conference possible and enjoyable. In particular we thank VMware, Google, Hewlett-Packard, Microsoft
Research, NetApp, and Berkeley Communications for their generous support.
We hope you enjoy the program and the conference!
Alec Wolman, Microsoft Research
Geoffrey M. Voelker, University of California, San Diego
2009 USENIX Annual Technical Conference Co-Chairs
USENIX Association
2009 USENIX Annual Technical Conference
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