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NI labview IMAQ工具包使用手册，全英文版.pdf
IMAQ Vision for LabVIEW User Manual
Support
Worldwide Technical Support and Product Information
National Instruments Corporate Headquarters
Worldwide Offices
Important Information
Warranty
Copyright
Trademarks
Patents
WARNING REGARDING USE OF NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS
Contents
About This Manual
Conventions
Related Documentation
IMAQ Vision
NI Vision Assistant
NI Vision Builder for Automated Inspection
Other Documentation
Chapter 1 Introduction to IMAQ Vision
About IMAQ Vision
IMAQ Vision Control Palette
IMAQ Vision Function Palettes
Vision Utilities
Image Processing
Machine Vision
Creating IMAQ Vision Applications
Figure 1-1. General Steps to Designing a Vision Application
Figure 1-2. Inspection Steps for Building a Vision Application
Chapter 2 Getting Measurement-Ready Images
Set Up Your Imaging System
Calibrate Your Imaging System
Create an Image
Input and Output Combinations
Image Analysis
Image Masks
Image Filling
Image Processing
Arithmetic and Logical Operations
Acquire or Read an Image
Display an Image
External Window Display
Image Display Control
Figure 2-1. LabVIEW Image Display Control
Figure 2-2. An Image Wired into the Image Display Control Terminal
Attach Calibration Information
Analyze an Image
Improve an Image
Lookup Tables
Filters
Convolution Filter
Nth Order Filter
Grayscale Morphology
FFT
Advanced Operations
Chapter 3 Grayscale and Color Measurements
Figure 3-1. Steps for Taking Grayscale and Color Measurements
Define Regions of Interest
Table 3-1. Tools Palette Functions
Define Regions Interactively
Defining an ROI in the Image Display Control
Defining an ROI in an External Window
Defining an ROI Using an ROI Constructor
Figure 3-2. ROI Constructor
Tools Palette Transformation
Figure 3-3. Tools Palette Tools and Information
Define Regions Programmatically
Define Regions with Masks
Measure Grayscale Statistics
Measure Color Statistics
Figure 3-4. Primary Components of a Color Image
Compare Colors
Learn Color Information
Specifying the Color Information to Learn
Figure 3-5. Template Color Information
Figure 3-6. Using the Entire Image to Learn Color Distribution
Figure 3-7. Using a Single Region to Learn Color Distribution
Figure 3-8. Using Multiple Regions to Learn Color Distribution
Choosing a Color Representation Sensitivity
Ignoring Learned Colors
Chapter 4 Particle Analysis
Figure 4-1. Steps for Performing Particle Analysis
Create a Binary Image
Improve the Binary Image
Remove Unwanted Particles
Separate Touching Particles
Improve Particle Shapes
Make Particle Measurements
Chapter 5 Machine Vision
Figure 5-1. Steps for Performing Machine Vision
Locate Objects to Inspect
Use Edge Detection to Build a Coordinate Transformation
Figure 5-2. Coordinate Systems of a Reference Image and Inspection Image
Figure 5-3. Locating Coordinate System Axes with Two Search Areas
Use Pattern Matching to Build a Coordinate Transformation
Choose a Method to Build the Coordinate Transformation
Figure 5-4. Building a Coordinate Transformation
Set Search Areas
Defining Regions Interactively
Defining Regions Programmatically
Find Measurement Points
Finding Features Using Edge Detection
Finding Lines or Circles
Figure 5-5. Finding a Straight Feature
Figure 5-6. Finding a Circular Feature
Finding Edge Points Along One Search Contour
Finding Edge Points Along Multiple Search Contours
Find Points Using Pattern Matching
Defining and Creating Good Template Images
Figure 5-7. Symmetry
Figure 5-8. Feature Detail
Figure 5-9. Positional Information
Figure 5-10. Background Information
Training the Pattern Matching Algorithm
Defining a Search Area
Figure 5-11. Selecting a Search Area for Grayscale Pattern Matching
Setting Matching Parameters and Tolerances
Testing the Search Algorithm on Test Images
Using a Ranking Method to Verify Results
Find Points Using Color Pattern Matching
Defining and Creating Good Color Template Images
Training the Color Pattern Matching Algorithm
Defining a Search Area
Figure 5-12. Selecting a Search Area for Color Pattern Matching
Setting Matching Parameters and Tolerances
Testing the Search Algorithm on Test Images
Find Points Using Color Location
Convert Pixel Coordinates to Real-World Coordinates
Make Measurements
Distance Measurements
Analytic Geometry Measurements
Instrument Reader Measurements
Display Results
Chapter 6 Calibration
Perspective and Nonlinear Distortion Calibration
Define a Calibration Template
Figure 6-1. Defining a Calibration Grid
Define a Reference Coordinate System
Figure 6-2. Axis Direction in the Image Plane
Figure 6-3. A Calibration Grid and an Image of the Grid
Figure 6-4. Defining a Coordinate System
Learn Calibration Information
Specifying Scaling Factors
Choosing a Learning Algorithm
Choosing a Region of Interest
Figure 6-5. Types of Image Distortion
Figure 6-6. Calibration ROIs
Using the Learning Score
Learning the Error Map
Learning the Correction Table
Setting the Scaling Method
Calibration Invalidation
Simple Calibration
Figure 6-7. Defining a Simple Calibration
Save Calibration Information
Attach Calibration Information
Appendix A Vision for LabVIEW Real-Time
Appendix B Technical Support and Professional Services
Glossary
Numbers/Symbols
A
B
C
D-E
F-G
H
I
J-L
M-N
O
P
Q-R
S
T-V
Index
A-C
D-G
H-I
K-L
M-N
O-S
T-W
IMAQ TM
IMAQ Vision for LabVIEWTM
User Manual
IMAQ Vision for LabVIEW User Manual
June 2003 Edition
Part Number 322917B-01
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© 2000–2003 National Instruments Corporation. All rights reserved.
Important Information
Warranty
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Trademarks
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trademarks of National Instruments Corporation.
Product and company names mentioned herein are trademarks or trade names of their respective companies.
Patents
For patents covering National Instruments products, refer to the appropriate location: Help»Patents in your software, the patents.txt file
on your CD, or ni.com/patents.
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AND DEVELOPMENT SOFTWARE USED TO DEVELOP AN APPLICATION, INSTALLATION ERRORS, SOFTWARE AND
HARDWARE COMPATIBILITY PROBLEMS, MALFUNCTIONS OR FAILURES OF ELECTRONIC MONITORING OR CONTROL
DEVICES, TRANSIENT FAILURES OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS (HARDWARE AND/OR SOFTWARE), UNANTICIPATED USES OR
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PROCESS AND SAFETY LEVEL OF SUCH SYSTEM OR APPLICATION.
Contents
About This Manual
Conventions ...................................................................................................................ix
Related Documentation..................................................................................................x
IMAQ Vision...................................................................................................x
NI Vision Assistant..........................................................................................x
NI Vision Builder for Automated Inspection ..................................................x
Other Documentation ......................................................................................xi
Chapter 1
Introduction to IMAQ Vision
About IMAQ Vision ......................................................................................................1-1
IMAQ Vision Control Palette ........................................................................................1-1
IMAQ Vision Function Palettes ....................................................................................1-2
Vision Utilities.................................................................................................1-2
Image Processing.............................................................................................1-4
Machine Vision ...............................................................................................1-5
Creating IMAQ Vision Applications.............................................................................1-6
Chapter 2
Getting Measurement-Ready Images
Set Up Your Imaging System ........................................................................................2-1
Calibrate Your Imaging System ....................................................................................2-2
Create an Image .............................................................................................................2-2
Input and Output Combinations ......................................................................2-4
Image Analysis..................................................................................2-4
Image Masks .....................................................................................2-4
Image Filling .....................................................................................2-5
Image Processing ..............................................................................2-5
Arithmetic and Logical Operations...................................................2-6
Acquire or Read an Image .............................................................................................2-6
Display an Image ...........................................................................................................2-8
External Window Display ...............................................................................2-8
Image Display Control ....................................................................................2-9
Attach Calibration Information......................................................................................2-11
Analyze an Image ..........................................................................................................2-12
Improve an Image ..........................................................................................................2-13
Lookup Tables .................................................................................................2-13
© National Instruments Corporation
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IMAQ Vision for LabVIEW User Manual
Contents
Filters .............................................................................................................. 2-14
Convolution Filter............................................................................. 2-14
Nth Order Filter ................................................................................ 2-14
Grayscale Morphology.................................................................................... 2-15
FFT.................................................................................................................. 2-15
Advanced Operations ....................................................................... 2-17
Chapter 3
Grayscale and Color Measurements
Define Regions of Interest............................................................................................. 3-1
Define Regions Interactively .......................................................................... 3-3
Defining an ROI in the Image Display Control................................ 3-3
Defining an ROI in an External Window ......................................... 3-4
Defining an ROI Using an ROI Constructor .................................... 3-4
Tools Palette Transformation ........................................................... 3-6
Define Regions Programmatically .................................................................. 3-7
Define Regions with Masks ............................................................................ 3-8
Measure Grayscale Statistics......................................................................................... 3-9
Measure Color Statistics................................................................................................ 3-9
Compare Colors .............................................................................................. 3-11
Learn Color Information ................................................................................ 3-11
Specifying the Color Information to Learn ...................................... 3-11
Choosing a Color Representation Sensitivity ................................... 3-14
Ignoring Learned Colors................................................................... 3-15
Chapter 4
Particle Analysis
Create a Binary Image ................................................................................................... 4-1
Improve the Binary Image............................................................................................. 4-2
Remove Unwanted Particles ........................................................................... 4-3
Separate Touching Particles............................................................................ 4-4
Improve Particle Shapes.................................................................................. 4-4
Make Particle Measurements ........................................................................................ 4-4
Chapter 5
Machine Vision
Locate Objects to Inspect .............................................................................................. 5-2
Use Edge Detection to Build a Coordinate Transformation .......................... 5-3
Use Pattern Matching to Build a Coordinate Transformation ....................... 5-6
Choose a Method to Build the Coordinate Transformation............................ 5-6
IMAQ Vision for LabVIEW User Manual
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Contents
Set Search Areas ............................................................................................................5-8
Defining Regions Interactively........................................................................5-8
Defining Regions Programmatically ...............................................................5-9
Find Measurement Points .............................................................................................5-9
Finding Features Using Edge Detection..........................................................5-9
Finding Lines or Circles....................................................................5-9
Finding Edge Points Along One Search Contour ............................5-11
Finding Edge Points Along Multiple Search Contours.....................5-12
Find Points Using Pattern Matching................................................................5-13
Defining and Creating Good Template Images ................................5-13
Training the Pattern Matching Algorithm.........................................5-15
Defining a Search Area .....................................................................5-15
Setting Matching Parameters and Tolerances...................................5-17
Testing the Search Algorithm on Test Images..................................5-18
Using a Ranking Method to Verify Results ......................................5-18
Find Points Using Color Pattern Matching .....................................................5-18
Defining and Creating Good Color Template Images ......................5-19
Training the Color Pattern Matching Algorithm...............................5-20
Defining a Search Area .....................................................................5-21
Setting Matching Parameters and Tolerances...................................5-22
Testing the Search Algorithm on Test Images..................................5-24
Find Points Using Color Location...................................................................5-25
Convert Pixel Coordinates to Real-World Coordinates ................................................5-25
Make Measurements ......................................................................................................5-26
Distance Measurements...................................................................................5-26
Analytic Geometry Measurements ..................................................................5-27
Instrument Reader Measurements ...................................................................5-27
Display Results ..............................................................................................................5-28
Chapter 6
Calibration
Perspective and Nonlinear Distortion Calibration .........................................................6-1
Define a Calibration Template ........................................................................6-2
Define a Reference Coordinate System...........................................................6-3
Learn Calibration Information.........................................................................6-5
Specifying Scaling Factors................................................................6-5
Choosing a Region of Interest ..........................................................6-6
Choosing a Learning Algorithm .......................................................6-6
Using the Learning Score..................................................................6-7
Learning the Error Map.....................................................................6-8
Learning the Correction Table .........................................................6-8
Setting the Scaling Method ...............................................................6-8
Calibration Invalidation ...................................................................6-8
© National Instruments Corporation
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IMAQ Vision for LabVIEW User Manual
Contents
Simple Calibration......................................................................................................... 6-9
Save Calibration Information ........................................................................................ 6-10
Attach Calibration Information .................................................................................... 6-10
Appendix A
Vision for LabVIEW Real-Time
About Vision for LabVIEW Real-Time ........................................................................ A-1
System Components ...................................................................................................... A-1
Development System ...................................................................................... A-1
Deployed System ............................................................................................ A-2
Installing NI-IMAQ and Vision for LabVIEW Real-Time........................................... A-2
Displaying Images in Vision for LabVIEW Real-Time................................................ A-2
Remote Display............................................................................................... A-3
RT Video Out.................................................................................................. A-4
Determinism in Vision for LabVIEW Real-Time ......................................................... A-4
Determinism vs. Time-Bounded Execution.................................................... A-5
Time-Bounded Execution ............................................................................... A-6
Initializing the Timed Environment ................................................. A-6
Preparing Resources ......................................................................... A-7
Performing Time-Bounded Vision Operations................................. A-7
Closing the Timed Environment ..................................................................... A-9
Image Files .................................................................................................................... A-9
Deployment ................................................................................................................... A-9
Troubleshooting............................................................................................................. A-9
Remote Display Errors.................................................................................... A-9
Programming Errors........................................................................................ A-10
RT Video Out Errors....................................................................................... A-12
Appendix B
Technical Support and Professional Services
Glossary
Index
IMAQ Vision for LabVIEW User Manual
viii
ni.com
About This Manual
The IMAQ Vision for LabVIEW User Manual is intended for engineers and
scientists who have knowledge of the LabVIEW programming
environment and need to create machine vision and image processing
applications using LabVIEW VIs. The manual guides you through tasks
beginning with setting up your imaging system to taking measurements.
It also describes how to create a real-time vision application using
Vision for LabVIEW Real-Time.
The following conventions appear in this manual:
The » symbol leads you through nested menu items and dialog box options
to a final action. The sequence File»Page Setup»Options directs you to
pull down the File menu, select the Page Setup item, and select Options
from the last dialog box.
This icon denotes a tip, which alerts you to advisory information.
This icon denotes a note, which alerts you to important information.
Bold text denotes items that you must select or click in the software, such
as menu items and dialog box options. Bold text also denotes parameter
names.
Italic text denotes variables, emphasis, a cross reference, or an introduction
to a key concept. This font also denotes text that is a placeholder for a word
or value that you must supply.
Text in this font denotes text or characters that you should enter from the
keyboard, sections of code, programming examples, and syntax examples.
This font is also used for the proper names of disk drives, paths, directories,
programs, subprograms, subroutines, device names, functions, operations,
variables, filenames and extensions, and code excerpts.
Conventions
»
bold
italic
monospace
monospace bold
Bold text in this font denotes the messages and responses that the computer
automatically prints to the screen. This font also emphasizes lines of code
that are different from the other examples.
© National Instruments Corporation
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IMAQ Vision for LabVIEW User Manual
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