Essential Grammar in Use (3rd ed).pdf-资料库

C a m b r i d g e ■ Fr e e pull-out grammar r p f p r p n r p 1 V_ 1 VZI v_l 1 V_v_ pocket guide ^ ■ Essential Grammar in Use A self-study reference and practice book for elementary students of English T H I R D EDITION with answers Raymond Murphy

Essential Grammar T H I R D EDITION Raymond Murphy A self-study reference and practice book for elementary students of English with answers g g g C a m b r i d g e U N I V E R S I T Y P R E S S www.cambridge.org

C A M B R ID G E U N IV E R SIT Y PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao Paulo, Delhi, Tokyo, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521675802 © Cambridge University Press 2007 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 1990 Second edition 1997 Third edition 2007 11th printing 2011 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library ISBN 978-0-521-67580-2 Edition with answers ISBN 978-0-521-67581-9 Edition without answers ISBN 978-0-521-67543-7 Edition with answers and CD-ROM ISBN 978-0-521-67544-4 CD-ROM for Windows (single user) ISBN 978-0-521-67545-1 Network CD-ROM (30 users) ISBN 978-3-12-539538-1 Klett edition with CD-ROM ISBN 978-3-12-539536-7 Klett Edition Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel timetables and other factual information given in this work is correct at the time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter.

Contents Thanks vii To the student viii To the teacher x Present (present continuous) 1 am /is/are 2 am /is/are (questions) 3 I am doing 4 are you doing? (present continuous questions) 5 I d o/w ork/like etc. (present simple) 6 I d on ’t ... (present simple negative) 7 D o you ... ? (present simple questions) 8 9 am doing have ... and I’ve got ... (present continuous) and I do I I (present simple) Past 10 w as/w ere 11 w ork ed/got/w en t etc. (past simple) 12 13 14 I was doing (past continuous) and I did (past simple) I didn’t ... I was doing (past continuous) D id you ... ? (past simple negative and questions) I’ve just ... Present perfect 15 I have done (present perfect 1) I’ve already ... 16 17 H ave you ever ... ? (present perfect 3) 18 H ow long have you ... ? (present perfect 4) 19 2 0 for I have done (present perfect) and I did (past) I haven’t since ago ... yet (present perfect 2) Passive 21 2 2 is d one is being done was done (passive 1) has been done (passive 2 ) Verb form s 23 b e/h a v e/d o in present and past tenses 24 Regular and irregular verbs Future 25 W hat are you doing tom orrow? 26 27 w ill/shall 1 28 w ill/shall 2 I’m going to ... Modals, imperative etc. 29 m ight 30 can and could 31 m ust m ustn’t don ’t need to IF YOU ARE NOT SURE W HICH UNITS TO STUDY, USE THE STUDY G U ID E ON PAGE 271

I have to ... 32 should 33 34 W ould you like ... ? I’d like ... 35 D o this! D o n ’t do that! Let’s 36 I used to ... do this! There and it 37 38 39 It ... there is there w as/w ere there are there has/have been there will be Auxiliary verbs 40 I am , I d on ’t etc. 41 Have you? Are you? D o n ’t you? etc. 42 to o/eith er 43 isn’t, haven’t, d on ’t etc. (negatives) so am I / neither do I etc. is it ... ? have you ... ? Questions 44 45 W ho saw you? W ho did you see? (questions 2) 46 W ho is she talking to? W hat is it like? 47 W hat ... ? W hich ... ? H ow ... ? (questions 4) 48 H ow lon g does it take ... ? 49 D o you know where ... ? I don’t know what ... etc. (questions 3) do they ... ? etc. (questions 1) Reported speech 50 She said that ... He told m e that ... -ing and to ... 51 w ork/w orking 52 53 54 to ... (I want to do) and -in g (I enjoy doing) I want you to ... I w ent to the shop to ... I told you to ... g o /g o in g d o/d oin g Go, get, do, make and have 55 go to ... 56 get 57 do and m ake 58 have go on ... go for ... go -ing th ey/th em etc. Pronouns and possessives 59 I/m e h e/h im 60 m y/h is/th eir etc. 61 W hose is this? It’s m in e/you rs/hers etc. 62 I/m e /m y /m in e 63 m yself/yourself/them selves etc. 64 - ’s (Kate’s camera / m y brother’s car etc.) iv IF YOU A R E NOT SURE W H IC H UNITS TO STUDY, USE THE STU D Y G U ID E ON PAGE 271.

train(s) bus(es) (singular and plural) A and the 65 a/an ... 6 6 67 a bottle / som e water (countable/uncountable 1) 6 8 a cake / som e cake / som e cakes (countable/uncountable 2 ) 69 a/an and the 70 71 go to work 72 I like m usic the ... 73 go h om e I hate exam s go to the cinem a (names of places) the ... no th is/that/these/th ose Determiners and pronouns 74 75 on e/on es 76 som e and any 77 not + any 78 n ot + anybody/anyone/anything 79 som ebody/anything/now here etc. 80 every and all 81 all m ost 82 both 83 a lot 84 som e either neither m uch (a) little (a) few m any none any n o /n o n e n ob o d y /n o -o n e/n o th in g Adjectives and adverbs 85 old/n ice/interestin g etc. (adjectives) 8 6 quickly/badly/suddenly etc. (adverbs) expensive / m ore expensive 87 o ld /o ld er 88 older than ... m ore expensive than ... 89 not as ... as 90 91 92 the oldest enough too the m ost expensive Word order 93 He speaks English very well, (word order 1) 94 alw ays/usually/often etc. (word order 2) 95 still already 96 Give m e that book! Give it to me! yet or but Conjunctions and clauses 97 and 98 W hen ... 99 100 If I had ... 101 1 0 2 a person w ho ... the people we m et If we go ... so because If you see ... etc. If we w ent ... etc. a thing that/w hich ... (relative clauses 1) the hotel you stayed at (relative clauses 2) IF YOU ARE NOT SURE W H ICH UNITS TO STUDY, USE THE STUDY G U ID E ON PAGE 271. V

on M onday until since in April for during after on (places 1) on (places 2 ) at (places 3) Prepositions 103 at 8 o ’clock 104 from ... to 105 before in 106 in 107 108 to 109 under, behind, opposite etc. 1 1 0 up, over, through etc. 111 on 1 1 2 afraid listen 113 o f . . . to ... at at in at w hile about by with , good at ... etc. , look at ... etc. (verb + preposition) o f/a t/fo r etc. (prepositions) + -in g Phrasal verbs 114 go in, fall off, run away etc. (phrasal verbs 1) 115 put on your shoes put your shoes on (phrasal verbs 2 ) Appendices Appendix 1 Active and passive 243 Appendix 2 List of irregular verbs 244 Appendix 3 Irregular verbs in groups 245 Appendix 4 Short forms (he’s / I’d / d on ’t etc.) 246 Appendix 5 Spelling 248 Appendix 6 Phrasal verbs (take o ff / give up etc.) 250 Appendix 7 Phrasal verbs + object (put out a fire / give up your job etc.) 251 Additional exercises 252 Study guide 271 Key to Exercises 283 Key to Additional exercises 310 Key to Study guide 313 Index 315 vi IF YOU ARE NOT SURE W H IC H UNITS TO STUDY, USE THE STUDY G U ID E ON PAGE 271.

Thanks For their help in producing this third edition o f Essential Grammar in Use, I would like to thank Liz Driscoll, Jessica R oberts and Alison Sharpe. I would also like to thank the teachers and reviewers from various countries who provided me with feedback on the previous edition. Illustrations by Kate Charlesworth, Richard Deverell, Gillian Martin, R oger Penwill, Lisa Smith, Ian West and Simon Williams Design by Karnae Design

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