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Cracking the AP Calculus BC Exam, 2015 Edition普林斯顿AP微积分教材.pdf

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Title Page
Copyright
Acknowledgments
Contents
Part I: Using This Book to Improve Your AP Score
Preview: Your Knowledge, Your Expectations
Your Guide to Using This Book
How to Begin
Part II: About the AP Calculus BC Exam
AB Calculus vs BC Calculus
Structure of the Exam
Overview of Content Topics
General Overview of This Book
How AP Exams Are Used
Other Resources
Designing Your Study Plan
Part III: Test-Taking Strategies for the AP Calculus BC Exam
1. How to Approach Multiple-Choice Questions
2. How to Approach Free-Response Questions
Part IV: Content Review for the AP Calculus BC Exam
3. Limits
What is a Limit?
Limits of Trigonometric Functions
Practice Problem Set 1
4. Continuity
The Definition of Continuity
Types of Discontinuities
Practice Problem Set 2
5. The Definition of the Derivative
Deriving the Formula
Differentiability
Practice Problem Set 3
6. Basic Differentiation
Notation
The Power Rule
The Addition Rule
Higher Order Derivatives
Practice Problem Set 4
The Product Rule
The Quotient Rule
The Chain Rule
Practice Problem Set 5
Derivatives of Trig Functions
Graphical Derivatives
Practice Problem Set 6
7. Implicit Differentiation
How to Do It
Second Derivatives
Practice Problem Set 7
8. Basic Applications of the Derivative
Equations of Tangent Lines and Normal Lines
Practice Problem Set 8
The Mean Value Theorem for Derivatives
Rolle’s Theorem
Practice Problem Set 9
9. Maxima and Minima
Applied Maxima and Minima Problems
Practice Problem Set 10
Curve Sketching
Practice Problem Set 11
10. Motion
Related Rates
Practice Problem Set 12
Position, Velocity, and Acceleration
Practice Problem Set 13
11. Exponential and Logarithmic Functions, Part One
The Derivative of ln x
The Derivative of ex
The Derivative of logax
The Derivative of ax
Practice Problem Set 14
12. Other Topics in Differential Calculus
The Derivative of an Inverse Function
Practice Problem Set 15
Derivatives of Parametric Functions
Practice Problem Set 16
L’Hôpital’s Rule
Practice Problem Set 17
Differentials
Practice Problem Set 18
Logarithmic Differentiation
Practice Problem Set 19
13. The Integral
The Antiderivative
Integrals of Trig Functions
Addition and Subtraction
Practice Problem Set 20
u-Substitution
Practice Problem Set 21
14. Definite Integrals
Area Under a Curve
Tabular Riemann Sums
Practice Problem Set 22
The Mean Value Theorem for Integrals
Practice Problem Set 23
15. Exponential and Logarithmic Functions, Part Two
More Integrals of Trig Functions
Integrating ex and ax
Practice Problem Set 24
16. The Area Between Two Curves
Vertical Slices
Horizontal Slices
Practice Problem Set 25
17. The Volume of a Solid of Revolution
Washers and Disks
Cylindrical Shells
Volumes of Solids with Known Cross-Sections
Practice Problem Set 26
18. Integration by Parts
The Formula
Practice Problem Set 27
19. Trig Functions
Inverse Trig Functions
Practice Problem Set 28
Advanced Integrals of Trig Functions
Practice Problem Set 29
20. Other Applications of the Integral
Length of a Curve
Parametric Functions
Practice Problem Set 30
The Method of Partial Fractions
Practice Problem Set 31
Improper Integrals
Practice Problem Set 32
Calculus of Polar Curves
Practice Problem Set 33
21. Differential Equations
Separation of Variables
Euler’s Method
Slope Fields
Practice Problem Set 34
22. Infinite Series
Sequences and Series
Geometric Series
The Ratio Test
Alternating Series
Integral Test
Comparison Test
Power Series
Taylor Series and Polynomials
Practice Problem Set 35
23. Answers to Practice Problem Sets
Part V: Practice Tests
24. Practice Test 1
25. Practice Test 1 Answers and Explanations
26. Practice Test 2
27. Practice Test 2 Answers and Explanations
Appendix
About the Author
Editorial Rob Franek, Senior VP, Publisher Casey Cornelius, VP Content Development Mary Beth Garrick, Director of Production Selena Coppock, Managing Editor Calvin Cato, Editor Colleen Day, Editor Aaron Riccio, Editor Meave Shelton, Editor Alyssa Wolff, Editorial Assistant Random House Publishing Team Tom Russell, Publisher Alison Stoltzfus, Publishing Manager Melinda Ackell, Associate Managing Editor Ellen Reed, Production Manager Kristin Lindner, Production Supervisor Andrea Lau, Designer The Princeton Review 24 Prime Parkway, Suite 201 Natick, MA 01760 E-mail: editorialsupport@review.com Copyright © 2014 by TPR Education IP Holdings, LLC. All rights reserved. Cover art © milos luzanin / Alamy Published in the United States by Random House LLC, New York, and simultaneously in Canada by Random House of Canada Limited, Toronto. A Penguin Random House Company. eBook ISBN: 978-0-8041-2483-6 Trade Paperback ISBN: 978-0-8041-2482-9 AP and Advanced Placement Program are registered trademarks of the College Board, which does not sponsor or endorse this product. The Princeton Review is not affiliated with Princeton University. Editors: Calvin S. Cato and Aaron Riccio Production Editor: Liz Rutzel Production Artist: Deborah A. Silvestrini 2015 Edition v3.1
Acknowledgments First of all, I would like to thank Arnold Feingold and Peter B. Kahn for once again doing every problem, reading every word, and otherwise lending their invaluable assistance. I also want to thank Calvin Cato and Aaron Riccio for being terrific editors; Gary King for his first-rate reading, analysis, and contributions; and the production team of Liz Rutzel and Deborah Silvestrini. Thanks to Frank, without whose advice I never would have taken this path. Thanks to Jeffrey, Miriam, and Vicki for moral support. Thanks Mom. Finally, I would like to thank the people who really made all of this effort worthwhile—my students. I hope that I haven’t omitted anyone, but if I have, the fault is entirely mine. Aaron and Sasha, Aaron, Abby B., Abby F., Abby H., Abby L., Abbye, Abigail H., Aidan, Alec G, Alan M., Alec M., Alec R., Alex and Claire, Alex A., Alex B., Alex F., Alex D., Alex G., Alex H., Alex I., Alex S., Alex and Gabe, Alexa, Alexandra, Natalie and Jason, Alexes, Alexis and Brittany, Ali and Jon, Ali and Amy Z., Ali H., Alice, Alice C., Alicia, Alisha, Allie and Lauren, Allison and Andrew, Allison and Matt S., Allison R., Ally, Ally T., Aly and Lauren, Alyssa and Courtney, Amanda, Brittany, and Nick A., Amanda and Pamela B., Amanda C., Amanda H., Amanda M., Amanda R., Amanda S., Amber and Teal, Amparo, Andrea T., Andrea V., Andrew A., Andrew B., Andrew C., Andrew D., Andrew E., Andrew H., Andrew M., Andrew S., Andy and Sarah R., Andy and Allison, Angela, Angela F., Anisha, Ann, Anna C-S., Anna D., Anna and Jon, Anna and Max, Anna L., Anna M., Anna W., Annie, Annie W., Antonio, Anu, April, Ares, Ariadne, Ariane, Ariel, Arielle and Gabrielle, Arthur and Annie, Arya, Asheley and Freddy, Ashley A., Ashley K., Ashley and Sarah, Ashley and Lauren, Avra, Becca A., Becky B., Becky S., Becky H., Ben S., Ben and Andrew Y., Ben D., Ben S., Benjamin D., Benjamin H., Benji, Beth and Sarah, Bethany and Lesley, Betsy and Jon, Blythe, Bianca and Isabella, Bonnie, Bonnie C., Braedan, Brendan, Brett, Brett A., Brette and Josh, Brian, Brian C., Brian N., Brian W., Brian Z., Brigid, Brin,
Brittany E., Brooke, Devon, and Megan, Brooke and Lindsay E., Butch, Caitlin, Caitlin F., Caitlin M., Caitlin and Anna S., Camilla and Eloise, Camryn, Caroline A., Caroline H., Caroline S., Caroline and Peter W., Carrie M., Catherine W., Chad, Channing, Charlie, Charlotte, Charlotte B., Charlotte M., Chelsea, Chloe, Chloe K., Chris B., Chris C., Chrissie, Christian, Christine, Christine W., Claire H., Clare, Claudia, Clio, Corey, Corinne, Coryn, Courtney and Keith, Courtney B., Courtney F., Courtney S., Craig, Dan M., Dana J., Dani and Adam, Daniel, Daniel and Jen, Daniella, Daniella C., Danielle and Andreas, Danielle and Nikki D., Danielle G., Danielle H., Danny K., Dara and Stacey, Dara M., Darcy, David B., David R., David S., Deborah and Matthew, Deniz and Destine, Deval, Devin, Devon and Jenna, Dilly, Dong Yi, Dora, Eairinn, Eddy, Elana, Eleanor K., Elexa and Nicky, Elisa, Eliza, Elizabeth, Elizabeth and Mary C., Elizabeth F., Ella, Ellie, Elly B., Emily A., Emily B., Emily and Allison, Emily and Catie A., Emily C., Emily G., Emily H., Emily K., Emily L., Emily and Pete M., Emily R., Emily R-H., Emily S., Emily T., Emma and Sophie, Eric N., Erica F., Erica H., Erica R., Erica S., Eric and Lauren, Erica and Annie, Erika, Erin, Erin I., Ethan, Eugenie, Eva, Evan, Eve H., Eve M., Frank, Gabby, Geoffrey, George and Julian., George M., Gloria, Gracie, Graham and Will, Greg, Greg F., Gussie, Hallie, Hannah C., Hannah J., Hannah R., Hannah and Paige, Harrison, Annabel and Gillian, Harry, Hayley and Tim D., Hazel, Heather D., Heather F., Heather and Gillian, Hernando and Vicki, Hilary and Lindsay, Hilary F., Holli, Holly G., Holly K., Honor, Ian, Ian P., Ingrid, Ira, Isa, Isabel, Isabella and Simone, Isabelle T., Ismini, Isobel, Ivy, Jacob and Kara, Jack, Jack B., Jackie and Vicky, Jackie, Jackie S., Jackson, Jaclyn and Adam, James S., Jamie, Jason P., Jason and Andrew, Jay, Jay K., Jae and Gideon, Jayne and Johnny, Jed D., Jed F., Jeffrey M., Jenna, Jen, Jenn N., Jennifer B., Jennifer W., Jenny K, Jenny and Missy, Jeremy C., Jeremy and Caleb, Jess, Jess P., Jesse, Jessica, Jessica and Eric H., Jessica L., Jessica T., Jessie, Jessie C., Jessie and Perry N., Jill, Jillian, Daniel and Olivia, Jillian S., Jimin, Jimmy C., Jimmy P., Joanna, Joanna C., Joanna G., Joanna M., Joanna and Julia M., Joanna W., Jocelyn, Jody and Kim, Joe B., Johanna, John, John and Dan, Jonah and Zoe, Jonathan G., Jonathan P., Jonathan W., Jordan C., Jordan and Blair F., Jordan G., Jordan P., Jordana, Jordyn, Josh and Jesse, Josh and Noah, Judie and Rob, Julia and Caroline, Julia, Julia G.,
Julia H., Julia and Charlotte P., Julia T., Julie H., Julie and Dana, Julie P., Juliet, Kara B., Kara O., Kasia and Amy, Kat R., Kate D., Kate F., Kate G., Kate L., Kate P., Kate S., Kate W., Katie C., Katie F., Katherine C., Kathryn, Leslie, and Travis, Katie, Katie M., Katrina, Keith M., Kelly C., Kimberly, Kirsten, Kitty and Alex, Krista, Erika, and Karoline, Kristen, Kristen and Magan F., Laila and Olivia R., Laura F., Laura G., Laura R., Laura S., Laura T., Laura Z., Lauren and Eric, Lauren R., Lauren T., Lauren and Allie, Leah, Lee R., Leigh and Ruthie, Leigh, Lexi S., Lila, Lila M., Lilaj, Lili C., Lily, Lily M-R., LilyHayes, Lisbeth. and Charlotte, Lindsay F., Lindsay K., Lindsay L., Lindsay N., Lindsay R, Lindsay and Jessie S., Lindsey and Kari, Lisa, Liz D., Liz H., Liz M., Lizzie A., Lizzi B., Lizzie M., Lizzie W., Lizzy, Lizzy C., Lizzy R., Lizzy T., Louis, Lucas, Luke C., Lucinda, Lucy, Lucy D., Mackenzie, Maddie and JD, Maddie P., Maddy W., Madeline, Magnolia, Mara and Steffie, Marcia, Margaret S., Mariel C., Mariel L., Mariel S., Marielle K., Marielle S., Marietta, Marisa C., Marissa, Marnie and Sam, Mary M., Matt, Matthew B., Matthew K., Matt F., Matt G., Matt and Caroline, Matt V., Matthew G., Max B., Max and Chloe K., Max M., Maxx, Ben, and Sam, Maya and Rohit, Maya N., Meesh, Megan G., Melissa, Melissa and Ashley I., Meredith, Meredith and Gordie B., Meredith and Katie D., Meredith R., Meredith S-K., Michael and Dan, Michael H., Michael R., Michaela, Michal, Mike R., Miles, Milton, Miranda, Moira, Molly L., Molly R., Molly and Annie, Morgan, Morgan C., Morgan, Zoe, and Lila, Morgan K., Nadia and Alexis, NaEun, Nancy, Nanette, Naomi, Natalie and Andrew B., Natasha and Mikaela B., Natasha L., Nathania, Nico, Nick, Nicky S., Nicole B., Nicole J., Nicole N., Nicole P., Nicole S., Nidhi, Nikki G., Nina R., Nina V., Nora, Nushien, Oli and Arni, Oliver, Olivia and Daphne, Olivia P., Omar, Oren, Pam, Paige, Paul A., Peter, Philip and Peter, Phoebe, Pierce, Priscilla, Quanquan, Quinn and Chris, Rachel A, Rachel B., Rachel and Adam, Rachel H., Rachel I., Rachel and Jake, Rachel K., Rachel L., Rachel and Mitchell M., Rachel S., Rachel and Eli, Rachel and Steven, Rachel T., Rachel W., Ramit, Randi and Samantha, Rayna, Rebecca B., Rebecca G., Rebecca and Gaby K., Rebecca R., Rebecca W., Resala, Richard, Tina, and Alice, Richie D., Ricky, Rob L., Romanah, Rose, Ryan, Ryan B., Ryan S., Saahil, Sabrina, Sally, Sam C., Sam L., Sam R., Sam S., Sam W., Samantha M., Samuel C., Samar, Sara H., Sara L., Sara R., Sara S., Sara W., Sarah, Patty, and Kat,
Sarah and Beth, Sarah A., Sarah C., Sarah D., Sarah F., Sarah G., Sarah and Michelle K., Sarah L., Sarah M-D., Sarah and Michael, Sarah S., Sascha, Samara, Saya, Selena G., Seung Woo, Shadae, Siegfried, Simon W., Simone, Sinead, Skye F., Skye L., Sofia G., Sofia M., Sonja, Sonja and Talya, Sophia J., Sophia S., Sophie and Tess, Sophie D., Sophie S., Sophie W., Stacey, Stacy, Stephanie, Stephanie L., Stephen C., Sumair, Sunaina, Suzie, Sydney, Sydney S., Tammy and Hayley, Tara and Max, Taylor, Tenley and Galen, Terrence, Tess, Timothy H., Tita, Tom, Torri, Tracy, Tracy K., Tripp H., Tripp W., Tyler, Tyrik, Vana, Vanessa and John, Veda, Vicky B., Victor Z., Victoria, Victoria H., Vinny and Eric, Vivek, Vladimir, Waleed, Will A., Will, Teddy and Ellie, William M., Wyatt and Ryan, Wyna, Xianyuan, Yakir, Yesha, Zach, Zach S., Zachary N., Zoë, Zoe L., and Zoey and Rachel.
Contents Cover Title Page Copyright Acknowledgments Part I: Using This Book to Improve Your AP Score Preview: Your Knowledge, Your Expectations Your Guide to Using This Book How to Begin Part II: About the AP Calculus BC Exam AB Calculus vs BC Calculus Structure of the Exam Overview of Content Topics General Overview of This Book How AP Exams Are Used Other Resources Designing Your Study Plan Part III: Test-Taking Strategies for the AP Calculus BC Exam 1 How to Approach Multiple-Choice Questions 2 How to Approach Free-Response Questions Part IV: Content Review for the AP Calculus BC Exam 3 Limits What is a Limit? Limits of Trigonometric Functions Practice Problem Set 1 4 Continuity
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