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COMPLETE DIGITAL DESIGN
COMPLETE DIGITAL DESIGN
Copyright
CONTENTS
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
PART 1 Digital Fundamentals
Chapter 1 Digital Logic
1.1 BOOLEAN LOGIC
1.2 BOOLEAN MANIPULATION
1.3 THE KARNAUGH MAP
1.4 BINARY AND HEXADECIMAL NUMBERING
1.5 BINARY ADDITION
1.6 SUBTRACTION AND NEGATIVE NUMBERS
1.7 MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION
1.8FLIP- FLOPS AND LATCHES
1.9 SYNCHRONOUS LOGIC
1.10 SYNCHRONOUS TIMING ANALYSIS
1.11 CLOCK SKEW
1.12 CLOCK JITTER
1.13 DERIVED LOGICAL BUILDING BLOCKS
Chapter 2 Integrated Circuits and the 7400 Logic Families
2.1 THE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
2.2 IC PACKAGING
2.3 THE 7400- SERIES DISCRETE LOGIC FAMILY
2.4 APPLYING THE 7400 FAMILY TO LOGIC DESIGN
2.5 SYNCHRONOUS LOGIC DESIGN WITH THE 7400 FAMILY
2.6 COMMON VARIANTS OF THE 7400 FAMILY
2.7 INTERPRETING A DIGITAL IC DATA SHEET
Chapter 3 Basic Computer Architecture
3.1 THE DIGITAL COMPUTER
3.2 MICROPROCESSOR INTERNALS
3.3 SUBROUTINES AND THE STACK
3.4 RESET AND INTERRUPTS
3.5 IMPLEMENTATION OF AN EIGHT- BIT COMPUTER
3.6 ADDRESS BANKING
3.7 DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS
3.8EXTENDING THE MICROPROCESSOR BUS
3.9 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE AND ADDRESSING MODES
Chapter 4 Memory
4.1 MEMORY CLASSIFICATIONS
4.2 EPROM
4.3 FLASH MEMORY
4.4 EEPROM
4.5 ASYNCHRONOUS SRAM
4.6 ASYNCHRONOUS DRAM
4.7 MULTIPORT MEMORY
4.8THE FIFO
Chapter 5 Serial Communications
5.1 SERIAL VS. PARALLEL COMMUNICATION
5.2 THE UART
5.3 ASCII DATA REPRESENTATION
5.4 RS- 232
5.5 RS- 422
5.6 MODEMS AND BAUD RATE
5.7 NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
5.8NETWORK DATA FORMATS
5.9 RS- 485
5.10 A SIMPLE RS- 485 NETWORK
5.11 INTERCHIP SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS
Chapter 6 Instructive Microprocessors and Microcomputer Elements
6.1 EVOLUTION
6.2 MOTOROLA 6800 EIGHT- BIT MICROPROCESSOR FAMILY
6.3 INTEL 8051 MICROCONTROLLER FAMILY
6.4 MICROCHIP PIC MICROCONTROLLER FAMILY
6.5 INTEL 8086 16- BIT MICROPROCESSOR FAMILY
6.6 MOTOROLA 68000 16/ 32- BIT MICROPROCESSOR FAMILY
PART 2 Advanced Digital Systems
Chapter 7 Advanced Microprocessor Concepts
7.1 RISC AND CISC
7.2 CACHE STRUCTURES
7.3 CACHES IN PRACTICE
7.4 VIRTUAL MEMORY AND THE MMU
7.5 SUPERPIPELINED AND SUPERSCALAR ARCHITECTURES
7.6 FLOATING- POINT ARITHMETIC
7.7 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS
7.8PERFORMANCE METRICS
Chapter 8 High-Performance Memory Technologies
8.1 SYNCHRONOUS DRAM
8.2 DOUBLE DATA RATE SDRAM
8.3 SYNCHRONOUS SRAM
8.4 DDR AND QDR SRAM
8.5 CONTENT ADDRESSABLE MEMORY
Chapter 9 Networking
9.1 PROTOCOL LAYERS ONE AND TWO
9.2 PROTOCOL LAYERS THREE AND FOUR
9.3 PHYSICAL MEDIA
9.4 CHANNEL CODING
9.5 8B10B CODING
9.6 ERROR DETECTION
9.7 CHECKSUM
9.8CYCLIC REDUNDANCY CHECK
9.9 ETHERNET
Chapter 10 Logic Design and Finite State Machines
10.1 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION LANGUAGES
10.2 CPU SUPPORT LOGIC
10.3 CLOCK DOMAIN CROSSING
10.4 FINITE STATE MACHINES
10.5 FSM BUS CONTROL
10.6 FSM OPTIMIZATION
10.7 PIPELINING
Chapter 11 Programmable Logic Devices
11.1 CUSTOM AND PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC
11.2 GALS AND PALS
11.3 CPLDS
11.4 FPGAS
PART 3 Analog Basics for Digital Systems
Chapter 12 Electrical Fundamentals
12.1 BASIC CIRCUITS
12.2 LOOP AND NODE ANALYSIS
12.3 RESISTANCE COMBINATION
12.4 CAPACITORS
12.5 CAPACITORS AS AC ELEMENTS
12.6 INDUCTORS
12.7 NONIDEAL RLC MODELS
12.8FREQUENCY DOMAIN ANALYSIS
12.9 LOWPASS AND HIGHPASS FILTERS
12.10 BANDPASS AND BAND- REJECT FILTERS
12.11 TRANSFORMERS
Chapter 13 Diodes and Transistors
13.1 DIODES
13.2 POWER CIRCUITS WITH DIODES
13.3 DIODES IN DIGITAL APPLICATIONS
13.4 BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS
13.5 DIGITAL AMPLIFICATION WITH THE BJT
13.6 LOGIC FUNCTIONS WITH THE BJT
13.7 FIELD- EFFECT TRANSISTORS
13.8POWER FETS AND JFET S
Chapter 14 Operational Amplifiers
14.1 THE IDEAL OP- AMP
14.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF REAL OP- AMPS
14.3 BANDWIDTH LIMITATIONS
14.4 INPUT RESISTANCE
14.5 SUMMATION AMPLIFIER CIRCUITS
14.6 ACTIVE FILTERS
14.7 COMPARATORS AND HYSTERESIS
Chapter 15 Analog Interfaces for Digital Systems
15.1 CONVERSION BETWEEN ANALOG AND DIGITAL DOMAINS
15.2 SAMPLING RATE AND ALIASING
15.3 ADC CIRCUITS
15.4 DAC CIRCUITS
15.5 FILTERS IN DATA CONVERSION SYSTEMS
PART 4 Digital System Design in Practice
Chapter 16 Clock Distribution
16.1 CRYSTAL OSCILLATORS AND CERAMIC RESONATORS
16.2 LOW- SKEW CLOCK BUFFERS
16.3 ZERO- DELAY BUFFERS: THE PLL
16.4 FREQUENCY SYNTHESIS
16.5 DELAY- LOCKED LOOPS
16.6 SOURCE- SYNCHRONOUS CLOCKING
Chapter 17 Voltage Regulation and Power Distribution
17.1 VOLTAGE REGULATION BASICS
17.2 THERMAL ANALYSIS
17.3 ZENER DIODES AND SHUNT REGULATORS
17.4 TRANSISTORS AND DISCRETE SERIES REGULATORS
17.5 LINEAR REGULATORS
17.6 SWITCHING REGULATORS
17.7 POWER DISTRIBUTION
17.8ELECTRICAL INTEGRITY
Chapter 18 Signal Integrity
18.1 TRANSMISSION LINES
18.2 TERMINATION
18.3 CROSSTALK
18.4 ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE
18.5 GROUNDING AND ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
18.6 ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE
Chapter 19 Designing for Success
19.1 PRACTICAL TECHNOLOGIES
19.2 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS
19.3 MANUALLY WIRED CIRCUITS
19.4 MICROPROCESSOR RESET
19.5 DESIGN FOR DEBUG
19.6 BOUNDARY SCAN
19.7 DIAGNOSTIC SOFTWARE
19.8SCHEMATIC CAPTURE AND SPICE
19.9 TEST EQUIPMENT
Appendix A Further Education
INDEX
COMPLETE DIGITAL DESIGN
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COMPLETE DIGITAL DESIGN A Comprehensive Guide to Digital Electronics and Computer System Architecture Mark Balch McGRAW-HILL New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto
Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-143347-3 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-140927-0 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occur- rence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at george_hoare@mcgraw-hill.com or (212) 904-4069. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms. THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS”. McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WAR- RANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no cir- cumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, conse- quential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatso- ever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. DOI: 10.1036/0071433473
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