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Starting Out with Java Java TM From Control Structures through Objects
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Starting Out with Java Java TM From Control Structures through Objects S i x t h E d i t i O n Tony Gaddis Haywood Community College Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Hoboken Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montréal Toronto Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo
Editor in Chief: Marcia Horton Acquisitions Editor: Matt Goldstein Editorial Assistant: Kelsey Loanes VP of Marketing: Christy Lesko Director of Field Marketing: Tim Galligan Product Marketing Manager: Bram van Kempen Field Marketing Manager: Demetrius Hall Marketing Assistant: Jon Bryant Director of Product Management: Erin Gregg Team Lead Product Management: Scott Disanno Program Manager: Carole Snyder Production Project Manager: Camille Trentacoste Procurement Manager: Mary Fischer Senior Specialist, Program Planning and Support: Maura Zaldivar-Garcia Cover Designer: Joyce Wells Cover Image: Binh Thanh Bui/Shutterstock Manager, Rights Management: Rachel Youdelman Associate Project Manager, Rights Management: William J. Opaluch Full-Service Project Management: Kailash Jadli, Aptara®, Inc. Composition: Aptara®, Inc. Printer/Bindery: Edwards Brothers Cover printer: Phoenix Color/Hagerstown Copyright © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. For information regarding permissions, request forms and the appropriate contacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights & Permissions department, please visit www.pearsoned.com/permissions/. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Unless otherwise indicated herein, any third-party trademarks that may appear in this work are the property of their respective owners and any references to third-party trademarks, logos or other trade dress are for demonstrative or descriptive purposes only. Such references are not intended to imply any sponsorship, endorsement, authorization, or promotion of Pearson’s products by the owners of such marks, or any relationship between the owner and Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates, authors, licensees or distributors. Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers make no representations about the suitability of the information contained in the documents and related graphics published as part of the services for any purpose. All such documents and related graphics are provided “as is” without warranty of any kind. Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers hereby disclaim all warranties and conditions with regard to this information, including all warranties and conditions of merchantability. Whether express, implied or statutory, fitness for a particular purpose, title and non-infringement. In no event shall microsoft and/or its respective suppliers be liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an action of contract. Negligence or other tortious action, arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of information available from the services. The documents and related graphics contained herein could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors changes are periodically added to the information herein. Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers may make improvements and/or changes in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described herein at any time partial screen shots may be viewed in full within the software version specified. Microsoft® Windows®, and Microsoft Office® are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation in the U.S.A. and other countries. This book is not sponsored or endorsed by or affiliated with the Microsoft Corporation. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data pages cm ISBN-13: 978-0-13-395705-1 ISBN-10: 0-13-395705-5 Gaddis, Tony, author. Starting out with Java. From control structures through objects/Tony Gaddis, Haywood Community College.—6th edition. 1. Java (Computer program language) 2. Data structures (Computer science) 3. Object-oriented programming (Computer science) QA76.73.J38G333 2016 005.13'3—dc23 I. Title. 2014049102 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN-13: 978-0-13-395705-1 ISBN-10: 0-13-395705-5
Contents in Brief Preface xxiii Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and Java Chapter 2 Java Fundamentals Chapter 3 Decision Structures Chapter 4 Loops and Files Chapter 5 Methods Chapter 6 A First Look at Classes Chapter 7 Arrays and the ArrayList Class Chapter 8 A Second Look at Classes and Objects Chapter 9 Text Processing and More about Wrapper Classes Chapter 10 Inheritance Chapter 11 Exceptions and Advanced File I/O Chapter 12 A First Look at GUI Applications Chapter 13 Advanced GUI Applications Chapter 14 Applets and More Chapter 15 Creating GUI Applications with JavaFX and Scene Builder Chapter 16 Recursion Chapter 17 Databases Index Appendixes A–M Case Studies 1–7 1 27 111 189 269 319 405 495 559 613 703 761 849 917 991 1047 1075 1171 Companion Website Companion Website v
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Contents Preface xxiii Chapter 1 Chapter 2 1.4 1 Introduction to Computers and Java 1.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Why Program? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.3 Computer Systems: Hardware and Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Programming Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 What Is a Program? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 A History of Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Java Applications and Applets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.5 What Is a Program Made Of? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Language Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Lines and Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 The Compiler and the Java Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Java Software Editions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Compiling and Running a Java Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 The Programming Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Software Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 1.7 Object-Oriented Programming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Review Questions and Exercises Programming Challenge 1.6 21 25 27 Java Fundamentals 2.1 2.2 2.3 The Parts of a Java Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 The print and println Methods, and the Java API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Variables and Literals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Displaying Multiple Items with the + Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Be Careful with Quotation Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 More about Literals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
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