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Matlab面向对象编程官方教程2017.pdf
MATLAB®
Object-Oriented Programming
R2017a
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Object-Oriented Programming
© COPYRIGHT 1984–2017 by The MathWorks, Inc.
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Revision History
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March 2008
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March 2009
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April 2011
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March 2012
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March 2013
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September 2013 Online only
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March 2014
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October 2014
March 2015
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September 2015 Online only
March 2016
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September 2016 Online only
March 2017
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New for MATLAB 7.6 (Release 2008a)
Revised for MATLAB 7.7 (Release 2008b)
Revised for MATLAB 7.8 (Release 2009a)
Revised for MATLAB 7.9 (Release 2009b)
Revised for MATLAB 7.10 (Release 2010a)
Revised for Version 7.11 (Release 2010b)
Revised for Version 7.12 (Release 2011a)
Revised for Version 7.13 (Release 2011b)
Revised for Version 7.14 (Release 2012a)
Revised for Version 8.0 (Release 2012b)
Revised for Version 8.1 (Release 2013a)
Revised for Version 8.2 (Release 2013b)
Revised for Version 8.3 (Release 2014a)
Revised for Version 8.4 (Release 2014b)
Revised for Version 8.5 (Release 2015a)
Revised for Version 8.6 (Release 2015b)
Revised for Version 9.0 (Release 2016a)
Revised for Version 9.1 (Release 2016b)
Revised for Version 9.2 (Release 2017a)
Contents
Using Object-Oriented Design in MATLAB
Why Use Object-Oriented Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Approaches to Writing MATLAB Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
When Should You Create Object-Oriented Programs . . . . . . .
Using Handles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
What Is a Handle? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Copies of Handles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Handle Objects Modified in Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Determine If an Object Is a Handle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deleted Handle Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-2
1-2
1-6
1-12
1-12
1-12
1-13
1-15
1-16
Basic Example
1
2
Create a Simple Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Design Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Create Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Access Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Call Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Add Constructor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vectorize Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overload Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BasicClass Code Listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-2
2-2
2-3
2-3
2-4
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-6
v
3
MATLAB Classes Overview
Role of Classes in MATLAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some Basic Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Developing Classes — Typical Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Formulating a Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Specifying Class Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BankAccount Class Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Formulating the AccountManager Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Implementing the AccountManager Class . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AccountManager Class Synopsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using BankAccount Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Class to Represent Structured Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Objects as Data Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Structure of the Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The TensileData Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Create an Instance and Assign Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Restrict Properties to Specific Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Simplifying the Interface with a Constructor . . . . . . . . . . . .
Calculate Data on Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Displaying TensileData Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Method to Plot Stress vs. Strain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TensileData Class Synopsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Class to Implement Linked Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Class Definition Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
dlnode Class Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Create Doubly Linked List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Why a Handle Class for Linked Lists? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
dlnode Class Synopsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Specialize the dlnode Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Class for Graphing Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Class Definition Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the topo Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Behavior of the Handle Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-2
3-2
3-4
3-8
3-8
3-9
3-10
3-14
3-15
3-15
3-16
3-19
3-19
3-19
3-20
3-20
3-21
3-22
3-23
3-24
3-25
3-26
3-31
3-31
3-31
3-32
3-33
3-34
3-45
3-48
3-48
3-49
3-50
vi
Contents
Static Data
Static Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
What Is Static Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Static Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Static Data Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Constant Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-2
4-2
4-2
4-3
4-5
Class Definition—Syntax Reference
4
5
Class Files and Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Class Definition Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Options for Class Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Options for Class Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Group Classes with Package Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Class Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Class Building Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Class Definition Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Properties Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Methods Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Events Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A Complete Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enumeration Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Related Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Classdef Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How to Specify Attributes and Superclasses . . . . . . . . . . . .
Class Attribute Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Superclass Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local Functions in Class File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Properties Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Access to Property Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-2
5-2
5-2
5-2
5-3
5-5
5-5
5-5
5-6
5-6
5-7
5-7
5-8
5-9
5-10
5-10
5-10
5-11
5-11
5-12
5-12
5-13
vii
Methods and Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Methods Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Method Calling Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
More Detailed Information On Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Class-Related Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How to Overload Functions and Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rules for Defining Methods in Separate Files . . . . . . . . . . .
Events and Listeners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Define and Trigger Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Listen for Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Attribute Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Attribute Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Attribute Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Attribute Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Simpler Syntax for true/false Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Call Superclass Methods on Subclass Objects . . . . . . . . . . .
Superclass Relation to Subclass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How to Call Superclass Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How to Call Superclass Constructor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Representative Class Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Class Calculates Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description of Class Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MATLAB Code Analyzer Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Syntax Warnings and Property Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Variable/Property Name Conflict Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exception to Variable/Property Name Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Objects In Conditional Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enable Use of Objects In Conditional Statements . . . . . . . .
How MATLAB Evaluates Switch Statements . . . . . . . . . . .
How to Define the eq Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enumerations in Switch Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operations on Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Object Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Help on Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Functions to Test Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-15
5-15
5-15
5-17
5-17
5-17
5-18
5-18
5-20
5-20
5-20
5-22
5-22
5-22
5-23
5-23
5-25
5-25
5-25
5-26
5-28
5-28
5-30
5-33
5-33
5-33
5-34
5-35
5-35
5-35
5-37
5-39
5-42
5-42
5-43
5-45
viii
Contents
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