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VGStudio Max 1.2 中文版技术服务.pdf
Introduction to VGStudio MAX
Volume Graphics and VGStudio MAX
Images Rendered by VGStudio MAX Users
What’s new in VGStudio MAX releases 1.2 and 1.2.1
About this Manual
Conventions Used in this Manual
Where to Get Additional Help
Feedback
Installation
System Requirements
Installation Instructions
VGStudio MAX Licenses
Node-Locked License installation (Windows)
Node-Locked License installation (Linux)
Node-Locked License installation (Mac OS X Panther)
Floating License installation
Registering VGStudio MAX
VGStudio MAX on Multiprocessor Hardware
Getting Started
Launching the Program
Keyboard Usage
List of Keyboard Shortcuts
Mouse Usage
VGStudio MAX SPACE MOUSE support
First Steps with VGStudio MAX
Scenes, Scene- & Object-Coordinate-System and Units
Voxel and Polygon Objects
Data Sets, Sections and Segments
The Illumination Model
VGStudio MAX Clipboard
Exiting VGStudio MAX
Image Quality versus Rendering Speed
VGStudio MAX Interface & Tools
Basic Concepts of the VGStudio MAX User Interface
2D slices and 3D images
VGStudio MAX Color Coding
Tool tips
Title Bar Elements
Menu Bar
File Menu
Edit Menu
Setting Preferences
Object Menu
Scene Menu
Grid, Axes & Instrument properties
Presets Menu
Tools Menu
Window Menu
Help Menu
Icon Bar
Standard Icon Section
New
Open
Save
Print
Cut
Copy
Paste
Undo
Redo
Object Manipulation Section
Object Selection and Deselection
Move
Rotation
Scaling
Clipbox
Clipplane
Preset Section
Measurement Utilities Section
3D cursor
Distance Measurement Tool
Minimum Distance Measurement Tool
Angle Measurement Tool
Histogram Analysis Tool
Drawing Tool Section
Brush Tool
Picking Tool
Scene Utilities Section
Scene Axes
Scene Grid
View Selection Section
Camera View
World View
Keyframer
Window Layout Section
“What‘s this” Section
The Workspace
Slice Windows and Multiplanar Reformatting
Cross Sections Displayed in the Slice Images
3D Window
World and Camera View
Profile Window
Tool Box
Classification Tool
Preset selection
Object overview (Advanced mode)
Opacity manipulation area (Advanced mode)
Extract Example
Level-Window area (Level/Window mode)
Opacity manipulation area (Level/Window mode)
Color manipulation area
Scene Tree
The Context menu for the Scene tree tool and toplevel Object
The Context menu for sections:
Renderer Properties
Rendering algorithms
Result image size
Rendering quality
Motion smoothing
Perspective rendering
Light Properties
Stereo Properties
Polygon Properties
Object Properties
Position/Translation
Rotation
Scaling
Clipping
Center
Gantry
World View
Camera View
Segmentation
Increasing the data size while segmenting data
Filter
The Gaussian Filter
The Median Filter
The Deviation Filter
The Gradient Filter
The Non Linear Diffusion Filter
The Apply LUT Filter
The Components Filter
Registration
Surface Extraction
Accuracy of the polygonal surface extraction
Keyframer
The Keyframer tool
Setting up an animation
Saving and loading Keyframer settings
Tips, tricks and limitations
Defect analysis
Basic approach of VGStudio MAX' defect detection algorithm.
The data organization used in the defect detection tool
The Defect analysis tool
The Defect Analysis Report window
The Defects Table
Using the Defect table window.
The Porosity Analysis
Add or remove an entry to/from the Porosity table
The Defect Size Histogram
Printing a report
A first example: ceramic.vgi
Wall thickness analysis
Capabilities, accuracy and limitations of the wall thickness
Wall Thickness Areas
The data organization used in the wall thickness analysis to
The Wall thickness analysis tool
The Wall-Thickness Analysis Table
The four 3D Views
Printing a report
A first example: cover.vgi
Measurement
Status Bar
Data Import & Export
Data Import
The VGI (Volume Graphics Info) file concept
Importing Stacks of Image Slices
Step 2: File selection
Step 3: File order
Step 4: Data type selection (for RAW data only)
Step 5: Data type selection (for TIFF, JPEG, BMP, and PPM im
Step 6: Image size selection (for image stacks of RAW data o
Step 7: Internal data representation
Step 8: ROI and Skip selection
Step 9: Manipulation of the object coordinate system
Importing Raw Volume Data
Step 1: File selection
Step 2: Data type selection
Step 3: Image size selection
Step 4: Internal data representation
Step 5: ROI and Skip selection
Step 6: Manipulation of the object coordinate system
Importing HDF Data
Importing ANALYZE™ Data
Importing DICOM Data
Importing Siemens Elegra Data
Importing BIR Volume Data
Importing Toshiba Volume Data
Importing FHG Volume Data
Importing Hitachi Volume Data
Importing Shimadzu Volume Data
Importing Polygon Data
Data Export
Export Image Stacks
Export RAW Volumes
Export HDF Volumes
Export Analyze™ Volumes
Export DICOM Image Series
Export AVI Movies
Appendix
VGStudio MAX and memory consumption
Memory consumption of voxel data
Rendering large high quality images
Working with largest data sets
Memory needs of different VGStudio MAX features
Segmentation
Filter
Memory fragmentation
Hints for optimal memory usage
Optimal data import e.g. for segmentation or STL file genera
Utilizing up to 3GB of memory under Windows XP Professional
Limitations and Known Bugs
Acknowledgments
Index
VGStudio MAX 1.2
Volume Graphics GmbH
Wieblinger Weg 92a
D-69123 Heidelberg
Germany
Tel: +49 / 6221 / 73920 60
Fax: +49 / 6221 / 73920 88
Printed in Germany. First printing, December 2004.
© 2004, Volume Graphics GmbH. All rights reserved. VGL® is a trademark of Volume Graph-
ics GmbH.
The VGStudio MAX software described in this manual is provided under license. The software
may be used or backed up only in accordance with the terms of the agreement. Information in
this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent product specification or
commitment on the part of Volume Graphics. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language in any form
without the express, written permission of Volume Graphics GmbH.
All product names mentioned in this manual are used for identification purposes only and may
be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Registered and unregis-
tered trademarks used herein are the exclusive property of their respective owners. Volume
Graphics GmbH makes no claim to any such marks, nor willingly or knowingly misuses or mis-
applies such marks.
The information provided in this manual is for reference and informational use only, and Volume
Graphics assumes no responsibility or liability for any inaccuracies or errors that may appear in
this documentation.
Reach us on the Internet:
e-mail: vgstudio@volumegraphics.com
world wide web: http://www.volumegraphics.com
2
VGStudio MAX 1.2 User’s Manual
VGStudio MAX 1.2
VGStudio MAX 1.2.1
User’s Manual
VGStudio MAX 1.2 User’s Manual
3
VGStudio MAX 1.2
Table of Contents
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
2
2.1
Introduction to VGStudio MAX...................................................................................... 11
Volume Graphics and VGStudio MAX...................................................................................................... 12
Images Rendered by VGStudio MAX Users.............................................................................................. 13
What’s new in VGStudio MAX 1.2............................................................................................................ 14
About this Manual...................................................................................................................................... 20
Conventions Used in this Manual ............................................................................................................. 21
Where to Get Additional Help................................................................................................................... 22
Feedback ..................................................................................................................................................... 23
Installation....................................................................................................................... 25
System Requirements................................................................................................................................. 26
2.2
Installation Instructions............................................................................................................................. 27
2.2.1 VGStudio MAX Licenses ............................................................................................................................. 27
2.3
Registering VGStudio MAX........................................................................................................................ 33
2.4 VGStudio MAX on Multiprocessor Hardware.......................................................................................... 34
3
Getting Started................................................................................................................ 37
3.1
Launching the Program............................................................................................................................. 38
3.1.1 Keyboard Usage ........................................................................................................................................... 39
3.1.2 Mouse Usage................................................................................................................................................ 41
3.2
First Steps with VGStudio MAX................................................................................................................. 44
3.2.1
Scenes, Scene- & Object-Coordinate-System and Units.............................................................................. 57
3.2.2 Voxel and Polygon Objects.......................................................................................................................... 60
3.2.3 Data Sets, Sections and Segments ................................................................................................................ 61
3.2.4
The Illumination Model................................................................................................................................ 63
3.2.5 VGStudio MAX Clipboard ........................................................................................................................... 64
Exiting VGStudio MAX................................................................................................................................ 64
3.2.6
3.3
Image Quality versus Rendering Speed.................................................................................................... 65
4
4
VGStudio MAX Interface & Tools.................................................................................. 67
VGStudio MAX 1.2 User’s Manual
VGStudio MAX 1.2
Basic Concepts of the VGStudio MAX User Interface.............................................................................. 68
4.1
2D slices and 3D images............................................................................................................................... 68
4.1.1
4.1.2 VGStudio MAX Color Coding..................................................................................................................... 69
4.1.3
Tool tips........................................................................................................................................................ 69
Title Bar Elements ...................................................................................................................................... 70
4.2
Menu Bar..................................................................................................................................................... 71
4.3
File Menu...................................................................................................................................................... 71
4.3.1
Edit Menu ..................................................................................................................................................... 78
4.3.2
Setting Preferences ....................................................................................................................................... 79
4.3.3
4.3.4 Object Menu ................................................................................................................................................. 85
Scene Menu .................................................................................................................................................. 99
4.3.5
4.3.6 Grid, Axes & Instrument properties............................................................................................................ 102
4.3.7
Presets Menu............................................................................................................................................... 105
4.3.8
Tools Menu................................................................................................................................................. 105
4.3.9 Window Menu ............................................................................................................................................ 108
4.3.10 Help Menu .................................................................................................................................................. 109
4.4
Icon Bar ..................................................................................................................................................... 110
Standard Icon Section................................................................................................................................. 110
4.4.1
4.4.2 Object Manipulation Section ...................................................................................................................... 113
4.4.3
Preset Section ............................................................................................................................................. 119
4.4.4 Measurement Utilities Section.................................................................................................................... 119
4.4.5 Drawing Tool Section................................................................................................................................. 133
4.4.6
Scene Utilities Section................................................................................................................................ 139
4.4.7 View Selection Section............................................................................................................................... 141
4.4.8 Window Layout Section ............................................................................................................................. 141
“What‘s this” Section ................................................................................................................................. 143
4.4.9
4.5
The Workspace ......................................................................................................................................... 144
4.5.1
Slice Windows and Multiplanar Reformatting ........................................................................................... 145
3D Window................................................................................................................................................. 155
4.5.2
4.5.3 World and Camera View ............................................................................................................................ 158
4.5.4
Profile Window........................................................................................................................................... 162
4.6
Tool Box..................................................................................................................................................... 166
4.6.1 Classification Tool...................................................................................................................................... 168
4.6.2
Scene Tree .................................................................................................................................................. 195
4.6.3 Renderer Properties .................................................................................................................................... 205
Light Properties .......................................................................................................................................... 209
4.6.4
4.6.5
Stereo Properties......................................................................................................................................... 210
4.6.6
Polygon Properties...................................................................................................................................... 211
4.6.7 Object Properties ........................................................................................................................................ 211
4.6.8 World View ................................................................................................................................................ 220
4.6.9 Camera View .............................................................................................................................................. 222
4.6.10 Segmentation .............................................................................................................................................. 224
4.6.11 Filter ........................................................................................................................................................... 242
4.6.12 Registration................................................................................................................................................. 253
4.6.13 Surface Extraction ...................................................................................................................................... 257
4.6.14 Keyframer................................................................................................................................................... 270
4.6.15 Defect analysis............................................................................................................................................ 296
4.6.16 Wall thickness analysis............................................................................................................................... 345
4.6.17 Measurement .............................................................................................................................................. 362
VGStudio MAX 1.2 User’s Manual
5
VGStudio MAX 1.2
4.7
Status Bar.................................................................................................................................................. 363
5
Data Import & Export.................................................................................................. 365
5.1
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.1.4
5.1.5
5.1.6
5.1.7
5.1.8
5.1.9
5.1.10
5.1.11
5.1.12
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.2.4
5.2.5
5.2.6
Data Import .............................................................................................................................................. 366
The VGI (Volume Graphics Info) file concept........................................................................................... 366
Importing Stacks of Image Slices............................................................................................................... 370
Importing Raw Volume Data ..................................................................................................................... 385
Importing HDF Data .................................................................................................................................. 394
Importing ANALYZE™ Data.................................................................................................................... 395
Importing DICOM Data ............................................................................................................................. 395
Importing Siemens Elegra Data.................................................................................................................. 398
Importing BIR Volume Data...................................................................................................................... 398
Importing Toshiba Volume Data................................................................................................................ 398
Importing FHG Volume Data..................................................................................................................... 398
Importing Hitachi Volume Data................................................................................................................. 399
Importing Polygon Data ............................................................................................................................. 399
Data Export............................................................................................................................................... 400
Export Image Stacks................................................................................................................................... 402
Export RAW Volumes ............................................................................................................................... 404
Export HDF Volumes................................................................................................................................. 405
Export Analyze™ Volumes ....................................................................................................................... 405
Export DICOM Image Series ..................................................................................................................... 406
Export AVI Movies.................................................................................................................................... 406
6
Appendix........................................................................................................................ 409
6.1 VGStudio MAX and memory consumption............................................................................................. 410
6.1.1 Memory consumption of voxel data........................................................................................................... 410
6.1.2 Rendering large high quality images.......................................................................................................... 410
6.2
Working with largest data sets................................................................................................................ 411
6.2.1 Memory needs of different VGStudio MAX features ................................................................................ 411
6.2.2 Memory fragmentation............................................................................................................................... 413
6.2.3 Hints for optimal memory usage ................................................................................................................ 413
6.2.4 Utilizing up to 3GB of memory under Windows XP Professional or Windows 2000 Server.................... 415
6.3
Limitations and Known Bugs.................................................................................................................. 416
6.4
Acknowledgments..................................................................................................................................... 418
7
6
Index............................................................................................................................... 421
VGStudio MAX 1.2 User’s Manual
VGStudio MAX 1.2
Welcome to VGStudio MAX User's Manual
VGStudio MAX is a software system designed to support the interactive analysis of three dimen-
sional/volumetric data, the so called "voxel data" or three dimensional images. The term voxel is
used to characterize a volume element; it is a generalization of the notion of pixel that stands for
a picture element. Volume data described with voxels therefore represent the result of some
sampling process of a three dimensional object or structure. Typical sampling systems are X-Ray
CAT, MRI, PET and SPECT, CGI, Confocal Laser microscopy.
VGStudio MAX is a highly sophisticated image analysis and visualization software and was de-
veloped to provide the user with a powerful but easy-to-use interface to process and visualize
voxel/volume data with high-performance analyzing and volume rendering algorithms. VGStu-
dio MAX includes Volume Graphics’ unsurpassed VGL® rendering technology which allows to
render largest volume data sets at an interactive performance on every modern PC. VGStudio
MAX is worldwide the first application providing an intuitive standard graphical user interface in
combination with the most advanced visualization and image processing technology. Apart from
volume data analysis, VGStudio MAX may also be used for documentation and presentation pur-
poses. You may render high quality images and animations of your data under investigation.
Today VGStudio MAX is used by professionals in industry, healthcare and science all over the
world.
All terms mentioned above you might be unfamiliar with will be explained throughout this man-
ual.
VGStudio MAX 1.2 User’s Manual
7
VGStudio MAX 1.2
Medical Use Restrictions
We wish to thank you for your past support and continued usage of the
VGStudio voxel data visualization and analysis program. We have many
future plans for the product, and we will advise you through the appropri-
ate channels as these enhancements become available.
At the same time, however, we wish to remind you that the VGStudio
products are "for research use only" or "for investigational use only." The
Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) National Institute of
Health (NIH) defines "research" as...
" ... a systematic investigation, including research development, testing
and evaluation, designed to develop or contribute to generalizable
knowledge... " (Cf. 45 CFR 46.102(d))
The "human subject" in research is...
" ... a living individual about whom an investigator... conducting research
obtains (1) data through intervention or interaction with the individual, or
(2) identifiable private information. Intervention includes both physical
procedures by which data are gathered and manipulations of the subject
or the subject’s environment that are performed for research purposes.
Interaction includes communication or interpersonal contact between the
investigator and subject... " (Cf. 45 CFR 46.102(f))
Similarly, the DHHS Food and Drug Administration (FDA) defines an "in-
vestigation" as... "... a clinical investigation or research involving one or
more subjects to determine the safety or effectiveness of a device... "
(Cf. 21 CFR 812.3(h))
The FDA definition of a "subject" is...
" ... a human who participates in an investigation, either as an individual
on whom... an investigational device is used or as a control. A subject
may be in normal health or may have a medical condition or disease... "
(Cf. 21CFR.812.3(p))
Within this regulatory framework, then, a clinical investigation can be ar-
gued to be a more restrictive form of research, in which the data and in-
formation collected are intended to be used to support the claims of a
device's safety or effectiveness (the FDA regards software used in medi-
cal applications to be a medical device).
At the present time, Volume Graphics makes no representation that the
VGStudio product is either safe or effective for any intended use for
which research may currently be performed.
If you are conducting research or clinical investigations, by law, you are
required to obtain prior Investigational Review Board (IRB) approval of
8
VGStudio MAX 1.2 User’s Manual
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