Essential Linux-DeviceDrivers.pdf（英文版）

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Essential Linux Device Drivers - Graphically Rich Book

Table of Contents

Prentice Hall Open Source Software Development Series

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

About the Author

Chapter 1. Introduction

Evolution

The GNU Copyleft

Kernel.org

Mailing Lists and Forums

Linux Distributions

Looking at the Sources

Building the Kernel

Loadable Modules

Before Starting

Chapter 2. A Peek Inside the Kernel

Booting Up

Kernel Mode and User Mode

Process Context and Interrupt Context

Kernel Timers

Concurrency in the Kernel

Process Filesystem

Allocating Memory

Looking at the Sources

Chapter 3. Kernel Facilities

Kernel Threads

Helper Interfaces

Looking at the Sources

Chapter 4. Laying the Groundwork

Introducing Devices and Drivers

Interrupt Handling

The Linux Device Model

Memory Barriers

Power Management

Looking at the Sources

Chapter 5. Character Drivers

Char Driver Basics

Device Example: System CMOS

Sensing Data Availability

Talking to the Parallel Port

RTC Subsystem

Pseudo Char Drivers

Misc Drivers

Character Caveats

Looking at the Sources

Chapter 6. Serial Drivers

Layered Architecture

UART Drivers

TTY Drivers

Line Disciplines

Looking at the Sources

Chapter 7. Input Drivers

Input Event Drivers

Input Device Drivers

Debugging

Looking at the Sources

Chapter 8. The Inter-Integrated Circuit Protocol

What's I2C/SMBus?

I2C Core

Bus Transactions

Device Example: EEPROM

Device Example: Real Time Clock

I2C-dev

Hardware Monitoring Using LM-Sensors

The Serial Peripheral Interface Bus

The 1-Wire Bus

Debugging

Looking at the Sources

Chapter 9. PCMCIA and Compact Flash

What's PCMCIA/CF?

Linux-PCMCIA Subsystem

Host Controller Drivers

PCMCIA Core

Driver Services

Client Drivers

Tying the Pieces Together

PCMCIA Storage

Serial PCMCIA

Debugging

Looking at the Sources

Chapter 10. Peripheral Component Interconnect

The PCI Family

Addressing and Identification

Accessing PCI Regions

Direct Memory Access

Device Example: Ethernet-Modem Card

Debugging

Looking at the Sources

Chapter 11. Universal Serial Bus

USB Architecture

Linux-USB Subsystem

Driver Data Structures

Enumeration

Device Example: Telemetry Card

Class Drivers

Gadget Drivers

Debugging

Looking at the Sources

Chapter 12. Video Drivers

Display Architecture

Linux-Video Subsystem

Display Parameters

The Frame Buffer API

Frame Buffer Drivers

Console Drivers

Debugging

Looking at the Sources

Chapter 13. Audio Drivers

Audio Architecture

Linux-Sound Subsystem

Device Example: MP3 Player

Debugging

Looking at the Sources

Chapter 14. Block Drivers

Storage Technologies

Linux Block I/O Layer

I/O Schedulers

Block Driver Data Structures and Methods

Device Example: Simple Storage Controller

Advanced Topics

Debugging

Looking at the Sources

Chapter 15. Network Interface Cards

Driver Data Structures

Talking with Protocol Layers

Buffer Management and Concurrency Control

Device Example: Ethernet NIC

ISA Network Drivers

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

Network Throughput

Looking at the Sources

Chapter 16. Linux Without Wires

Bluetooth

Infrared

WiFi

Cellular Networking

Current Trends

Chapter 17. Memory Technology Devices

What's Flash Memory?

Linux-MTD Subsystem

Map Drivers

NOR Chip Drivers

NAND Chip Drivers

User Modules

MTD-Utils

Configuring MTD

eXecute In Place

The Firmware Hub

Debugging

Looking at the Sources

Chapter 18. Embedding Linux

Challenges

Component Selection

Tool Chains

Embedded Bootloaders

Memory Layout

Kernel Porting

Embedded Drivers

The Root Filesystem

Test Infrastructure

Debugging

Chapter 19. Drivers in User Space

Process Scheduling and Response Times

Accessing I/O Regions

Accessing Memory Regions

User Mode SCSI

User Mode USB

User Mode I2C

UIO

Looking at the Sources

Chapter 20. More Devices and Drivers

ECC Reporting

Frequency Scaling

Embedded Controllers

ACPI

ISA and MCA

FireWire

Intelligent Input/Output

Amateur Radio

Voice over IP

High-Speed Interconnects

Chapter 21. Debugging Device Drivers

Kernel Debuggers

Kernel Probes

Kexec and Kdump

Profiling

Tracing

Linux Test Project

User Mode Linux

Diagnostic Tools

Kernel Hacking Config Options

Test Equipment

Chapter 22. Maintenance and Delivery

Coding Style

Change Markers

Version Control

Consistent Checksums

Build Scripts

Portable Code

Chapter 23. Shutting Down

Checklist

What Next?

Appendix A. Linux Assembly

Debugging

Appendix B. Linux and the BIOS

Real Mode Calls

Protected Mode Calls

BIOS and Legacy Drivers

Appendix C. Seq Files

The Seq File Advantage

Updating the NVRAM Driver

Looking at the Sources

Index

SYMBOL

Essential Linux Device Drivers Essential Linux Device Drivers by Sreekrishnan Venkateswaran by Sreekrishnan Venkateswaran Publisher: Prentice Hall Publisher: Prentice Hall Pub Date: March 27, 2008 Pub Date: March 27, 2008 Print ISBN-10: 0-13-239655-6 Print ISBN-10: 0-13-239655-6 Print ISBN-13: 978-0-13-239655-4 Print ISBN-13: 978-0-13-239655-4 Pages: 744 Pages: 744 Table of Contents Table of Contents | Index | Index Overview Overview "Probably the most wide ranging and complete Linux device driver book I've read." "Probably the most wide ranging and complete Linux device driver book I've read." --Alan Cox, Linux Guru and Key Kernel Developer --Alan Cox, Linux Guru and Key Kernel Developer "Very comprehensive and detailed, covering almost every single Linux device driver type." "Very comprehensive and detailed, covering almost every single Linux device driver type." --Theodore Ts'o, First Linux Kernel Developer in North America and Chief Platform Strategist of the Linux --Theodore Ts'o, First Linux Kernel Developer in North America and Chief Platform Strategist of the Linux Foundation Foundation The Most Practical Guide to Writing Linux Device Drivers The Most Practical Guide to Writing Linux Device Drivers Linux now offers an exceptionally robust environment for driver development: with today's kernels, what once Linux now offers an exceptionally robust environment for driver development: with today's kernels, what once required years of development time can be accomplished in days. In this practical, example-driven book, one of required years of development time can be accomplished in days. In this practical, example-driven book, one of the world's most experienced Linux driver developers systematically demonstrates how to develop reliable Linux the world's most experienced Linux driver developers systematically demonstrates how to develop reliable Linux drivers for virtually any device. Essential Linux Device Drivers is for any programmer with a working drivers for virtually any device. Essential Linux Device Drivers is for any programmer with a working knowledge of operating systems and C, including programmers who have never written drivers before. knowledge of operating systems and C, including programmers who have never written drivers before. Sreekrishnan Venkateswaran focuses on the essentials, bringing together all the concepts and techniques you Sreekrishnan Venkateswaran focuses on the essentials, bringing together all the concepts and techniques you need, while avoiding topics that only matter in highly specialized situations. Venkateswaran begins by reviewing need, while avoiding topics that only matter in highly specialized situations. Venkateswaran begins by reviewing the Linux 2.6 kernel capabilities that are most relevant to driver developers. He introduces simple device the Linux 2.6 kernel capabilities that are most relevant to driver developers. He introduces simple device classes; then turns to serial buses such as I2C and SPI; external buses such as PCMCIA, PCI, and USB; video, classes; then turns to serial buses such as I2C and SPI; external buses such as PCMCIA, PCI, and USB; video, audio, block, network, and wireless device drivers; user-space drivers; and drivers for embedded Linux–one of audio, block, network, and wireless device drivers; user-space drivers; and drivers for embedded Linux–one of today's fastest growing areas of Linux development. For each, Venkateswaran explains the technology, inspects today's fastest growing areas of Linux development. For each, Venkateswaran explains the technology, inspects relevant kernel source files, and walks through developing a complete example. relevant kernel source files, and walks through developing a complete example. • Addresses drivers discussed in no other book, including drivers for I2C, video, sound, PCMCIA, and different • Addresses drivers discussed in no other book, including drivers for I2C, video, sound, PCMCIA, and different types of flash memory types of flash memory • Demystifies essential kernel services and facilities, including kernel threads and helper interfaces • Demystifies essential kernel services and facilities, including kernel threads and helper interfaces • Teaches polling, asynchronous notification, and I/O control • Teaches polling, asynchronous notification, and I/O control • Introduces the Inter-Integrated Circuit Protocol for embedded Linux drivers • Introduces the Inter-Integrated Circuit Protocol for embedded Linux drivers • Covers multimedia device drivers using the Linux-Video subsystem and Linux-Audio framework • Covers multimedia device drivers using the Linux-Video subsystem and Linux-Audio framework • Shows how Linux implements support for wireless technologies such as Bluetooth, Infrared, WiFi, and cellular • Shows how Linux implements support for wireless technologies such as Bluetooth, Infrared, WiFi, and cellular networking networking • Describes the entire driver development lifecycle, through debugging and maintenance • Describes the entire driver development lifecycle, through debugging and maintenance • Includes reference appendixes covering Linux assembly, BIOS calls, and Seq files • Includes reference appendixes covering Linux assembly, BIOS calls, and Seq files

Essential Linux Device Drivers by Sreekrishnan Venkateswaran Publisher: Prentice Hall Pub Date: March 27, 2008 Print ISBN-10: 0-13-239655-6 Print ISBN-13: 978-0-13-239655-4 Pages: 744 Table of Contents | Index Copyright Prentice Hall Open Source Software Development Series Foreword Preface Acknowledgments About the Author Chapter 1. Introduction Evolution The GNU Copyleft Kernel.org Mailing Lists and Forums Linux Distributions Looking at the Sources Building the Kernel Loadable Modules Before Starting Chapter 2. A Peek Inside the Kernel Booting Up Kernel Mode and User Mode Process Context and Interrupt Context Kernel Timers Concurrency in the Kernel Process Filesystem Allocating Memory Looking at the Sources Chapter 3. Kernel Facilities Kernel Threads Helper Interfaces Looking at the Sources Chapter 4. Laying the Groundwork Introducing Devices and Drivers Interrupt Handling The Linux Device Model Memory Barriers Power Management Looking at the Sources Chapter 5. Character Drivers Char Driver Basics Device Example: System CMOS Sensing Data Availability Talking to the Parallel Port RTC Subsystem Pseudo Char Drivers Misc Drivers Character Caveats Looking at the Sources Chapter 6. Serial Drivers Layered Architecture UART Drivers TTY Drivers Line Disciplines

What's PCMCIA/CF? Linux-PCMCIA Subsystem Host Controller Drivers PCMCIA Core Driver Services Client Drivers Tying the Pieces Together PCMCIA Storage Serial PCMCIA Debugging Looking at the Sources Chapter 10. Peripheral Component Interconnect The PCI Family Addressing and Identification Accessing PCI Regions Direct Memory Access Device Example: Ethernet-Modem Card Debugging Looking at the Sources Chapter 11. Universal Serial Bus Looking at the Sources Chapter 7. Input Drivers Input Event Drivers Input Device Drivers Debugging Looking at the Sources Chapter 8. The Inter-Integrated Circuit Protocol What's I2C/SMBus? I2C Core Bus Transactions Device Example: EEPROM Device Example: Real Time Clock I2C-dev Hardware Monitoring Using LM-Sensors The Serial Peripheral Interface Bus The 1-Wire Bus Debugging Looking at the Sources Chapter 9. PCMCIA and Compact Flash USB Architecture Linux-USB Subsystem Driver Data Structures Enumeration Device Example: Telemetry Card Class Drivers Gadget Drivers Debugging Looking at the Sources Chapter 12. Video Drivers Display Architecture Linux-Video Subsystem Display Parameters The Frame Buffer API Frame Buffer Drivers Console Drivers Debugging Looking at the Sources Chapter 13. Audio Drivers Audio Architecture Linux-Sound Subsystem Device Example: MP3 Player Debugging Looking at the Sources Chapter 14. Block Drivers

Storage Technologies Linux Block I/O Layer I/O Schedulers Block Driver Data Structures and Methods Device Example: Simple Storage Controller Advanced Topics Debugging Looking at the Sources Chapter 15. Network Interface Cards Driver Data Structures Talking with Protocol Layers Buffer Management and Concurrency Control Device Example: Ethernet NIC ISA Network Drivers Asynchronous Transfer Mode Network Throughput Looking at the Sources Chapter 16. Linux Without Wires Chapter 17. Memory Technology Devices Bluetooth Infrared WiFi Cellular Networking Current Trends What's Flash Memory? Linux-MTD Subsystem Map Drivers NOR Chip Drivers NAND Chip Drivers User Modules MTD-Utils Configuring MTD eXecute In Place The Firmware Hub Debugging Looking at the Sources Challenges Component Selection Tool Chains Embedded Bootloaders Memory Layout Kernel Porting Embedded Drivers The Root Filesystem Test Infrastructure Debugging Chapter 18. Embedding Linux Chapter 19. Drivers in User Space Process Scheduling and Response Times Accessing I/O Regions Accessing Memory Regions User Mode SCSI User Mode USB User Mode I2C UIO Looking at the Sources Chapter 20. More Devices and Drivers ECC Reporting Frequency Scaling Embedded Controllers ACPI ISA and MCA FireWire Intelligent Input/Output

Kernel Debuggers Kernel Probes Kexec and Kdump Profiling Tracing Linux Test Project User Mode Linux Diagnostic Tools Kernel Hacking Config Options Test Equipment Chapter 22. Maintenance and Delivery Coding Style Change Markers Version Control Consistent Checksums Build Scripts Portable Code Chapter 23. Shutting Down Amateur Radio Voice over IP High-Speed Interconnects Chapter 21. Debugging Device Drivers Checklist What Next? Debugging Appendix A. Linux Assembly Appendix B. Linux and the BIOS Real Mode Calls Protected Mode Calls BIOS and Legacy Drivers Appendix C. Seq Files The Seq File Advantage Updating the NVRAM Driver Looking at the Sources Index

Copyright Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. The author and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The publisher offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales, which may include electronic versions and/or custom covers and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, and branding interests. For more information, please contact: U.S. Corporate and Government Sales (800) 382-3419 corpsales@pearsontechgroup.com For sales outside the United States please contact: International Sales international@pearson.com Visit us on the Web: www.informit.com/ph Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Venkateswaran, Sreekrishnan, 1972- Essential Linux device drivers / Sreekrishnan Venkateswaran.-- 1st ed. p. cm. ISBN 0-13-239655-6 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Linux device drivers (Computer programs) I. Title. QA76.76.D49V35 2008 005.4'32--dc22 2008000249 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to: Pearson Education, Inc Rights and Contracts Department 501 Boylston Street, Suite 900 Boston, MA 02116 Fax (617) 671 3447 This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0 or later (the latest version is presently available at http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/). ISBN-13: 978-0-132-39655-4

Text printed in the United States on recycled paper at RR Donnelly in Crawfordsville, IN. First printing March 2008 Editor-in-Chief Mark Taub Executive Editor Debra Williams Cauley Managing Editor Gina Kanouse Project Edito Anne Goebel Copy Editor Keith Cline Indexer Erika Millen Proofreader San Dee Phillips Technical Editors Vamsi Krishna Jim Lieb Publishing Coordinator Heather Fox Interior Designer Laura Robbins Cover Designer Alan Clements Compositor Molly Sharp Dedication This book is dedicated to the ten million visually challenged citizens of India. All author proceeds will go to their cause.

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