Practical MMIC Design
Contents vii
Foreword
Preface xv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction to MMICs 2
1.2 The History of MMICs 3
1.3 The MMIC Advantage 6
1.4 Basic Design Process 7
References 8
2 Component Technology and Foundry Choice 11
2.1 Active Components 12
2.2 Passive Components 31
2.3 Questions 50
References 52
3 Foundry Use and Economics 57
3.1 Using a Foundry 57
3.2 Economics 61
References 64
4 Simulation and Component Models 65
4.1 Simulation 66
4.2 Passive Component Models 76
4.3 Active Component Models 82
4.4 Questions 84
References 85
5 Design 89
5.1 Impedance Matching and the Smith Chart 90
5.2 Passive Elements 108
5.3 Amplifiers 125
5.4 Oscillators 188
5.5 Mixers 194
5.7 Phase Shifters 210
5.8 Switched-Path Attenuators 213
5.9 Circuits with Digital Application 214
5.10 Millimeter-Wave Circuits 216
5.11 Yield Improvement 231
5.12 Questions 246
References 250
6 Layout 261
6.1 Layout Files 262
6.2 Circuit Layout Process 264
6.3 Layout Checking 267
6.4 Chip Arraying 270
6.5 Mask Manufacture 274
6.7 Questions 277
References 277
7 Processing Technology 279
7.1 Substrate Material Growth 280
7.2 Wafer Production 283
7.3 Surface Layers 283
7.4 Photolithography 285
7.5 Wafer Thinning 302
7.6 Through-Substrate Vias 304
7.7 Back-Face Metal 305
7.8 Chip Separation 306
7.9 Quality Assurance 306
7.10 Questions 308
References 309
8 Test 313
8.1 Process Control and Monitoring (PCM) 313
8.2 The dc Test and Stability Problems 314
8.3 RF Testing and Calibration 315
8.4 Questions 319
References 320
Appendix: Answers to Questions 323
Chapter 2 323
Chapter 4 324
Chapter 5 325
Chapter 6 328
Chapter 7 329
Chapter 8 330
Glossary 331
About the Author 341
Index 343