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TOGAF9.2 考试认证Certified版学习指南.pdf
Study Guide
4th Edition
Preparation for the TOGAF 9 Part 2 Examination
Contents
Preface
About the Authors
Trademarks
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Key Learning Points
1.2 The Open Group Certification for People Program
1.2.1 Certification Document Structure
1.2.2 TOGAF 9 Foundation
1.2.3 TOGAF 9 Certified
1.2.4 The Certification Process
1.2.4.1 Format of the Examination Questions
1.2.4.2 What do I need to bring with me to take the Examination?
1.2.4.3 If I fail, how soon can I retake the Examination?
1.2.5 Preparing for the Examination
1.3 Summary
1.4 Recommended Reading
Chapter 2 Preliminary Phase
2.1 Key Learning Points
2.2 Objectives
2.3 Inputs
2.3.1 Architecture Frameworks
2.3.2 Business Principles, Business Goals, and Business Drivers
2.3.3 Pre-Existing Architectural Inputs
2.4 Steps
2.4.1 Scope the Enterprise Organizations Impacted
2.4.2 Confirm Governance and Support Frameworks
2.4.3 Define and Establish the Enterprise Architecture Team and Organization
2.4.4 Identify and Establish Architecture Principles
2.4.4.1 Developing Architecture Principles
2.4.4.2 Applying Architecture Principles
2.4.5 Tailor the TOGAF Framework and, if any, Other Selected Architecture Frameworks
2.4.6 Develop a Strategy and Implementation Plan for Tools and Techniques
2.5 Outputs
2.5.1 Architecture Principles
2.5.2 Organizational Model for Enterprise Architecture
2.5.3 Tailored Architecture Framework
2.5.4 Architecture Repository
2.5.5 Business Principles, Business Goals, and Business Drivers
2.5.6 Architecture Governance Framework
2.5.7 Request for Architecture Work
2.6 Summary
2.7 Exercises
2.8 Recommended Reading
Chapter 3 Phase A: Architecture Vision
3.1 Key Learning Points
3.2 Objectives
3.3 Inputs
3.4 Steps
3.4.1 Establish the Architecture Project
3.4.2 Identify Stakeholders, Concerns, and Business Requirements
3.4.2.1 Stakeholder Management
3.4.2.2 The Stakeholder Management Process
3.4.3 Confirm and Elaborate Business Goals, Business Drivers, and Constraints
3.4.4 Evaluate Capabilities
3.4.4.1 Capability-Based Planning
3.4.5 Assess Readiness for Business Transformation
3.4.5.1 Transformation Readiness Factors
3.4.6 Define Scope
3.4.7 Confirm and Elaborate Architecture Principles, including Business Principles
3.4.8 Develop Architecture Vision
3.4.9 Define the Target Architecture Value Propositions and KPIs
3.4.10 Identify the Business Transformation Risks and Mitigation Activities
3.4.10.1 Risk Assessment
3.4.11 Develop Statement of Architecture Work; Secure Approval
3.5 Outputs
3.5.1 Statement of Architecture Work
3.5.2 Capability Assessment
3.5.3 Architecture Vision
3.5.4 Communications Plan
3.6 Summary
3.7 Exercises
3.8 Recommended Reading
Chapter 4 Phase B: Business Architecture
4.1 Key Learning Points
4.2 Objectives
4.3 Inputs
4.3.1 Business Principles
4.4 Steps
4.4.1 Select Reference Models, Viewpoints, and Tools
4.4.1.1 Determine Overall Modeling Process
4.4.1.2 Identify Required Service Granularity Level, Boundaries, and Contracts
4.4.1.3 Identify Required Catalogs, Matrices, and Diagrams
4.4.1.4 Identify Types of Requirement to be Collected
4.4.2 Develop Baseline Business Architecture Description
4.4.3 Develop Target Business Architecture Description
4.4.4 Perform Gap Analysis
4.4.5 Define Candidate Roadmap Components
4.4.6 Resolve Impacts across the Architecture Landscape
4.4.7 Conduct Formal Stakeholder Review
4.4.8 Finalize the Business Architecture
4.4.9 Create the Architecture Definition Document
4.5 Outputs
4.5.1 Architecture Definition Document
4.5.1.1 Business Architecture Components
4.5.2 Architecture Requirements Specification
4.5.2.1 Business Architecture Requirements
4.5.3 Architecture Roadmap
4.6 Summary
4.7 Exercises
4.8 Recommended Reading
Chapter 5 Phase C: Information Systems Architectures
5.1 Key Learning Points
5.2 Objectives
5.3 Considerations for the Implementation Order
5.4 Inputs
5.5 Steps
5.6 Outputs
5.7 Summary
5.8 Exercises
5.9 Recommended Reading
Chapter 6 Phase C: Data Architecture
6.1 Key Learning Points
6.2 Objectives
6.3 Inputs
6.3.1 Data Principles
6.4 Steps
6.4.1 Select Reference Models, Viewpoints, and Tools
6.4.1.1 Determine Overall Modeling Process
6.4.1.2 Identify Required Catalogs, Matrices, and Diagrams
6.4.1.3 Identify Types of Requirement to be Collected
6.4.2 Develop Baseline Data Architecture Description
6.4.3 Develop Target Data Architecture Description
6.4.4 Perform Gap Analysis
6.4.5 Define Candidate Roadmap Components
6.4.6 Resolve Impacts Across the Architecture Landscape
6.4.7 Conduct Formal Stakeholder Review
6.4.8 Finalize the Data Architecture
6.4.9 Create Architecture Definition Document
6.5 Outputs
6.5.1 Components of the Architecture Definition Document
6.5.2 Components of the Architecture Requirements Specification
6.6 Summary
6.7 Exercises
6.8 Recommended Reading
Chapter 7 Phase C: Application Architecture
7.1 Key Learning Points
7.2 Objectives
7.3 Inputs
7.3.1 Application Principles
7.4 Steps
7.4.1 Select Reference Models, Viewpoints, and Tools
7.4.1.1 Determine Overall Modeling Process
7.4.1.2 Identify Required Catalogs, Matrices, and Diagrams
7.4.1.3 Identify Types of Requirement to be Collected
7.4.2 Develop Baseline Application Architecture Description
7.4.3 Develop Target Application Architecture Description
7.4.4 Perform Gap Analysis
7.4.5 Define Candidate Roadmap Components
7.4.6 Resolve Impacts Across the Architecture Landscape
7.4.7 Conduct Formal Stakeholder Review
7.4.8 Finalize the Application Architecture
7.4.9 Create Architecture Definition Document
7.5 Outputs
7.5.1 Components of the Architecture Definition Document
7.5.2 Components of the Architecture Requirements Specification
7.6 Summary
7.7 Exercises
7.8 Recommended Reading
Chapter 8 Phase D: Technology Architecture
8.1 Key Learning Points
8.2 Objectives
8.3 Inputs
8.3.1 Technology Principles
8.4 Steps
8.4.1 Select Reference Models, Viewpoints, and Tools
8.4.1.1 Determine the Overall Modeling Process
8.4.1.2 Identify Required Catalogs, Matrices, and Diagrams
8.4.1.3 Identify Types of Requirements to be Collected
8.4.1.4 Select Services
8.4.2 Develop Baseline Technology Architecture Description
8.4.3 Develop Target Technology Architecture Description
8.4.4 Perform Gap Analysis
8.4.5 Define Candidate Roadmap Components
8.4.6 Resolve Impacts Across the Architecture Landscape
8.4.7 Conduct Formal Stakeholder Review
8.4.8 Finalize the Technology Architecture
8.4.9 Create Architecture Definition Document
8.5 Outputs
8.5.1 Components of the Architecture Definition Document
8.5.2 Components of the Architecture Requirements Specification
8.6 Summary
8.7 Exercises
8.8 Recommended Reading
Chapter 9 Phase E: Opportunities & Solutions
9.1 Key Learning Points
9.2 Objectives
9.3 Inputs
9.4 Steps
9.4.1 Determine/Confirm Key Corporate Change Attributes
9.4.1.1 Implementation Factor Assessment and Deduction Matrix
9.4.2 Determine Business Constraints for Implementation
9.4.3 Review and Consolidate Gap Analysis Results from Phases B to D
9.4.3.1 Consolidated Gaps, Solutions, and Dependencies Matrix
9.4.4 Review Consolidated Requirements Across Related Business Functions
9.4.5 Consolidate and Reconcile Interoperability Requirements
9.4.6 Refine and Validate Dependencies
9.4.7 Confirm Readiness and Risk for Business Transformation
9.4.8 Formulate Implementation and Migration Strategy
9.4.9 Identify and Group Major Work Packages
9.4.10 Identify Transition Architectures
9.4.11 Create the Architecture Roadmap & Implementation and Migration Plan
9.5 Outputs
9.6 Summary
9.7 Exercises
9.8 Recommended Reading
Chapter 10 Phase F: Migration Planning
10.1 Key Learning Points
10.2 Objectives
10.3 Inputs
10.4 Steps
10.4.1 Confirm Management Framework Interactions for the Implementation and Migration Plan
10.4.2 Assign a Business Value to Each Work Package
10.4.2.1 Business Value Assessment Technique
10.4.3 Estimate Resource Requirements, Project Timings, and Availability/Delivery Vehicle
10.4.4 Prioritize the Migration Projects through the Conduct of a Cost/Benefit Assessment and Risk Validation
10.4.5 Confirm Architecture Roadmap and Update Architecture Definition Document
10.4.5.1 Architecture Definition Increments Table
10.4.6 Complete the Implementation and Migration Plan
10.4.6.1 Transition Architecture State Evolution Table
10.4.7 Complete the Architecture Development Cycle and Document Lessons Learned
10.5 Outputs
10.5.1 Implementation and Migration Plan
10.5.2 Architecture Definition Document, including Transition Architecture
10.5.3 Implementation Governance Model
10.6 Summary
10.7 Exercises
10.8 Recommended Reading
Chapter 11 Phase G: Implementation Governance
11.1 Key Learning Points
11.2 Objectives
11.3 Inputs
11.4 Steps
11.4.1 Confirm Scope and Priorities for Deployment with Development Management
11.4.2 Identify Deployment Resources and Skills
11.4.3 Guide Development of Solutions Deployment
11.4.4 Perform Enterprise Architecture Compliance Reviews
11.4.4.1 Timing of Compliance Reviews
11.4.4.2 Review Scenarios
11.4.4.3 Risk Monitoring
11.4.5 Implement Business and IT Operations
11.4.6 Perform Post-Implementation Review and Close the Implementation
11.5 Outputs
11.5.1 Architecture Contracts
11.5.2 Compliance Assessments
11.6 Summary
11.7 Exercises
11.8 Recommended Reading
Chapter 12 Phase H: Architecture Change Management
12.1 Key Learning Points
12.2 Objectives
12.3 Inputs
12.3.1 Change Requests
12.4 Steps
12.4.1 Establish Value Realization Process
12.4.2 Deploy Monitoring Tools
12.4.3 Manage Risks
12.4.4 Provide Analysis for Architecture Change Management
12.4.5 Develop Change Requirements to Meet Performance Targets
12.4.6 Manage Governance Process
12.4.7 Activate the Process to Implement Change
12.5 Outputs
12.6 Summary
12.7 Exercises
12.8 Recommended Reading
Chapter 13 ADM Architecture Requirements Management
13.1 Key Learning Points
13.2 Objectives
13.3 Inputs
13.4 Steps
13.5 Outputs
13.5.1 Requirements Impact Assessment
13.6 Summary
13.7 Exercises
13.8 Recommended Reading
Chapter 14 Iteration and Levels
14.1 Key Learning Points
14.2 The Concept of Iteration
14.2.1 Iteration to Develop a Comprehensive Architecture Landscape
14.2.2 Iteration within an ADM Cycle (Architecture Development Iteration)
14.2.3 Iteration to Manage the Architecture Capability (Architecture Capability Iterations)
14.3 Factors Influencing the Use of Iteration
14.4 Iteration Cycles
14.5 Classes of Architecture Engagement
14.5.1 Identification of Required Change
14.5.2 Definition of Change
14.5.3 Implementation of Change
14.6 Mapping TOGAF Phases to Iteration Cycles
14.6.1 Iteration between ADM Cycles
14.6.2 Iteration within an ADM Cycle
14.6.2.1 Architecture Development Iteration (Baseline First)
14.6.2.2 Architecture Development Iteration (Target First)
14.6.2.3 Transition Planning Iteration
14.6.2.4 Architecture Governance Iteration
14.7 Applying the ADM Across the Architecture Landscape
14.7.1 The Architecture Landscape
14.7.2 The Architecture Continuum
14.7.3 Organizing the Architecture Landscape
14.8 Summary
14.9 Exercises
14.10 Recommended Reading
Chapter 15 Security
15.1 Key Learning Points
15.2 Introduction
15.3 Enterprise Security Architecture
15.4 Security as a Cross-Cutting Concern
15.5 Adapting the ADM for Security
15.6 Summary
15.7 Exercises
15.8 Recommended Reading
Chapter 16 Architecture Content Framework
16.1 Key Learning Points
16.2 Introduction
16.3 The Content Framework and the TOGAF ADM
16.4 Why do we Need a Metamodel?
16.5 Components of the Content Metamodel
16.6 Core Metamodel Concepts
16.6.1 Core and Extension Content
16.6.2 Core Metamodel Entities
16.6.3 Building Blocks, Catalogs, Matrices, and Diagrams
16.7 Summary
16.8 Exercises
16.9 Recommended Reading
Chapter 17 Architecture Partitioning
17.1 Key Learning Points
17.2 Introduction
17.3 Applying Classification to Partitioned Architectures
17.4 Applying Partitioning to the ADM
17.5 Summary
17.6 Recommended Reading
Chapter 18 Architecture Repository
18.1 Key Learning Points
18.2 Introduction
18.3 The Repository in Detail
18.3.1 Architecture Metamodel
18.3.2 Architecture Landscape
18.3.3 Reference Library
18.3.4 Standards Information Base
18.3.5 Governance Log
18.3.6 Architecture Requirements Repository
18.3.7 Solutions Landscape
18.3.8 Enterprise Repository
18.3.9 Architecture Capability
18.4 Relationship to Other Parts of the TOGAF Standard
18.5 Summary
18.6 Recommended Reading
Chapter 19 The TOGAF Technical Reference Model (TRM)
19.1 Key Learning Points
19.2 Structure of the TRM
19.3 The TRM in Detail
19.3.1 Application Software
19.3.2 Application Platform Interface
19.3.3 Application Platform
19.3.4 Interfaces between Services
19.3.5 Communications Infrastructure
19.3.6 Communications Infrastructure Interface
19.3.7 Qualities
19.4 Taxonomy of Application Platform Services
19.5 Taxonomy of Application Platform Service Qualities
19.6 Summary
19.7 Exercises
19.8 Recommended Reading
Chapter 20 Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference Model (III-RM)
20.1 Key Learning Points
20.2 Drivers for Boundaryless Information Flow
20.3 How the III-RM Fulfills the Solution Space
20.4 The High-Level Structure of the III-RM
20.5 Components of the III-RM
20.6 Summary
20.7 Recommended Reading
Chapter 21 Architecture Governance
21.1 Key Learning Points
21.2 Architecture Governance and the ADM
21.3 Key Success Factors
21.4 Setting up the Architecture Board
21.5 Operating an Architecture Board
21.5.1 General
21.5.2 Preparation
21.5.3 Agenda
21.6 Summary
21.7 Exercises
21.8 Recommended Reading
Chapter 22 Architecture Maturity Models
22.1 Key Learning Points
22.2 Capability Maturity Models
22.3 Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI)
22.4 ACMM
22.5 Maturity Assessments and the ADM
22.6 Summary
22.7 Exercises
22.8 Recommended Reading
Chapter 23 Architecture Skills Framework
23.1 Key Learning Points
23.2 Purpose
23.3 Benefits
23.4 Enterprise Architecture Roles, Skills Categories, and Proficiency Levels
23.4.1 TOGAF Roles
23.4.2 Skills Categories
23.4.3 Proficiency Levels
23.4.4 Example Role and Skill Definitions
23.5 Summary
23.6 Exercises
23.7 Recommended Reading
Appendix A Test Yourself Examination Paper
A.1 Introduction
A.2 Instructions
A.3 Questions
Appendix B Bonus Questions
B.1 Introduction
B.2 Questions
Appendix C Test Yourself Examination Answers
C.1 Question 1
C.2 Question 2
C.3 Question 3
C.4 Question 4
C.5 Question 5
C.6 Question 6
C.7 Question 7
C.8 Question 8
Appendix D Bonus Answers
D.1 Question 9
D.2 Question 10
D.3 Question 11
D.4 Question 12
Appendix E TOGAF 9 Certified Syllabus
E.1 Preliminary Phase
E.2 Architecture Governance (Level 2)
E.3 Business Scenarios Technique
E.4 Phase A: Architecture Vision
E.5 Architecture Content Framework
E.6 Stakeholder Management
E.7 TOGAF Content Metamodel
E.8 Architecture Implementation Support Techniques
E.9 Phase B: Business Architecture
E.10 Phase C: Information Systems Architectures – Data Architecture
E.11 Phase C: Information Systems Architectures – Application Architecture
E.12 TOGAF Foundation Architecture: Technical Reference Model (Level 2)
E.13 Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference Model (Level 2)
E.14 Phase D: Technology Architecture
E.15 Migration Planning Techniques
E.16 Phase E: Opportunities and Solutions
E.17 Phase F: Migration Planning
E.18 Phase G: Implementation Governance
E.19 Phase H: Architecture Change Management
E.20 ADM Architecture Requirements Management
E.21 Architecture Partitioning
E.22 Architecture Repository
E.23 Guidelines for Adapting the ADM: Iteration and Levels
E.24 Guidelines for Adapting the ADM: Security
E.25 Architecture Maturity Models
E.26 Architecture Skills Framework
Index
Study Guide
TOGAF® 9
Certified
4th Edition
Preparation for the TOGAF 9 Part 2 Examination
Prepared by Rachel Harrison of Oxford Brookes University and Andrew Josey, The Open Group
Personal PDF Edition © 2018 The Open Group, All Rights ReservedPersonal PDF Edition. Not for redistribution
Copyright © 2010-2018, The Open Group
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by
any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the
copyright owner.
The views expressed in this Study Guide are not necessarily those of any particular member of The Open
Group.
In the event of any discrepancy between text in this Study Guide and the official TOGAF documentation, the
TOGAF documentation remains the authoritative version for certification, testing by examination, and other
purposes. The official TOGAF documentation can be obtained online at www.opengroup.org/togaf.
Study Guide
TOGAF®9 Certified, 4th Edition
Document Number: B181
Published by The Open Group, April 2018.
Minor updates June 2018 to correct answer grids.
Comments relating to the material contained in this document may be submitted to:
The Open Group
Apex Plaza
Forbury Road
Reading
Berkshire, RG1 1AX
United Kingdom
or by electronic mail to:
ogspecs@opengroup.org
ii
Study Guide (2018)
Personal PDF Edition © 2018 The Open Group, All Rights ReservedPersonal PDF Edition. Not for redistribution
Contents
Chapter 1
Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Key Learning Points ................................................................................................ 1
1.2 The Open Group Certification for People Program ................................................. 1
Certification Document Structure .............................................................. 1
1.2.1
TOGAF 9 Foundation ............................................................................... 2
1.2.2
TOGAF 9 Certified ................................................................................... 2
1.2.3
The Certification Process .......................................................................... 4
1.2.4
1.2.5
Preparing for the Examination................................................................... 5
1.3
Summary.................................................................................................................. 6
1.4 Recommended Reading ........................................................................................... 6
Part 1: TOGAF 9 Architecture Development Method (ADM)................................................................... 8
Preliminary Phase ............................................................................................................... 9
Chapter 2
2.1 Key Learning Points ................................................................................................ 9
2.2 Objectives .............................................................................................................. 10
2.3
Inputs ..................................................................................................................... 10
2.3.1 Architecture Frameworks ........................................................................ 11
Business Principles, Business Goals, and Business Drivers .................... 11
2.3.2
2.3.3
Pre-Existing Architectural Inputs ............................................................ 11
Steps ...................................................................................................................... 12
Scope the Enterprise Organizations Impacted ......................................... 12
2.4.1
2.4.2
Confirm Governance and Support Frameworks ...................................... 13
2.4.3 Define and Establish the Enterprise Architecture Team and
2.4
2.4.4
2.4.5
Organization ............................................................................................ 13
Identify and Establish Architecture Principles ........................................ 14
Tailor the TOGAF Framework and, if any, Other Selected
Architecture Frameworks ........................................................................ 17
2.4.6 Develop a Strategy and Implementation Plan for Tools and
Techniques .............................................................................................. 18
2.5 Outputs .................................................................................................................. 19
2.5.1 Architecture Principles ............................................................................ 19
2.5.2 Organizational Model for Enterprise Architecture .................................. 19
2.5.3
Tailored Architecture Framework ........................................................... 20
2.5.4 Architecture Repository .......................................................................... 20
2.5.5
Business Principles, Business Goals, and Business Drivers .................... 21
2.5.6 Architecture Governance Framework ..................................................... 21
2.5.7
Request for Architecture Work ............................................................... 21
2.6
Summary................................................................................................................ 22
2.7 Exercises ................................................................................................................ 22
2.8 Recommended Reading ......................................................................................... 23
Phase A: Architecture Vision ........................................................................................... 24
3.1 Key Learning Points .............................................................................................. 24
3.2 Objectives .............................................................................................................. 25
Inputs ..................................................................................................................... 25
3.3
Steps ...................................................................................................................... 26
3.4
3.4.1
Establish the Architecture Project ........................................................... 26
Chapter 3
TOGAF® 9 Certified Study Guide, 4th Edition
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3.4.2
3.4.3
Identify Stakeholders, Concerns, and Business Requirements ................ 26
Confirm and Elaborate Business Goals, Business Drivers, and
Constraints ............................................................................................... 31
3.4.4
Evaluate Capabilities ............................................................................... 31
3.4.5 Assess Readiness for Business Transformation ...................................... 32
3.4.6 Define Scope ........................................................................................... 33
3.4.7
Confirm and Elaborate Architecture Principles, including Business
Principles ................................................................................................. 33
3.4.8 Develop Architecture Vision ................................................................... 34
3.4.9 Define the Target Architecture Value Propositions and KPIs ................. 35
3.4.10
Identify the Business Transformation Risks and Mitigation Activities ... 35
3.4.11 Develop Statement of Architecture Work; Secure Approval .................. 36
3.5 Outputs .................................................................................................................. 36
Statement of Architecture Work .............................................................. 37
3.5.1
3.5.2
Capability Assessment ............................................................................ 37
3.5.3 Architecture Vision ................................................................................. 39
3.5.4
Communications Plan.............................................................................. 39
3.6
Summary................................................................................................................ 40
3.7 Exercises ................................................................................................................ 40
3.8 Recommended Reading ......................................................................................... 42
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
4.4
Phase B: Business Architecture ........................................................................................ 43
4.1 Key Learning Points .............................................................................................. 43
4.2 Objectives .............................................................................................................. 44
Inputs ..................................................................................................................... 44
4.3
4.3.1
Business Principles .................................................................................. 45
Steps ...................................................................................................................... 46
4.4.1
Select Reference Models, Viewpoints, and Tools ................................... 47
4.4.2 Develop Baseline Business Architecture Description ............................. 49
4.4.3 Develop Target Business Architecture Description ................................ 49
4.4.4
Perform Gap Analysis ............................................................................. 51
4.4.5 Define Candidate Roadmap Components................................................ 51
Resolve Impacts across the Architecture Landscape ............................... 51
4.4.6
Conduct Formal Stakeholder Review ...................................................... 51
4.4.7
Finalize the Business Architecture .......................................................... 52
4.4.8
4.4.9
Create the Architecture Definition Document ......................................... 52
4.5 Outputs .................................................................................................................. 53
4.5.1 Architecture Definition Document .......................................................... 53
4.5.2 Architecture Requirements Specification ................................................ 55
4.5.3 Architecture Roadmap ............................................................................. 56
4.6
Summary................................................................................................................ 57
4.7 Exercises ................................................................................................................ 57
4.8 Recommended Reading ......................................................................................... 57
Phase C: Information Systems Architectures ................................................................... 58
5.1 Key Learning Points .............................................................................................. 58
5.2 Objectives .............................................................................................................. 59
5.3 Considerations for the Implementation Order ....................................................... 59
5.4
Inputs ..................................................................................................................... 59
5.5
Steps ...................................................................................................................... 59
5.6 Outputs .................................................................................................................. 59
5.7
Summary................................................................................................................ 59
5.8 Exercises ................................................................................................................ 60
5.9 Recommended Reading ......................................................................................... 60
iv
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Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
6.4
Phase C: Data Architecture .............................................................................................. 61
6.1 Key Learning Points .............................................................................................. 61
6.2 Objectives .............................................................................................................. 61
Inputs ..................................................................................................................... 61
6.3
6.3.1 Data Principles ........................................................................................ 62
Steps ...................................................................................................................... 63
6.4.1
Select Reference Models, Viewpoints, and Tools ................................... 63
6.4.2 Develop Baseline Data Architecture Description .................................... 65
6.4.3 Develop Target Data Architecture Description ....................................... 65
6.4.4
Perform Gap Analysis ............................................................................. 65
6.4.5 Define Candidate Roadmap Components................................................ 66
Resolve Impacts Across the Architecture Landscape .............................. 66
6.4.6
Conduct Formal Stakeholder Review ...................................................... 66
6.4.7
6.4.8
Finalize the Data Architecture ................................................................. 66
Create Architecture Definition Document ............................................... 67
6.4.9
6.5 Outputs .................................................................................................................. 67
Components of the Architecture Definition Document ........................... 67
6.5.1
Components of the Architecture Requirements Specification ................. 68
6.5.2
6.6
Summary................................................................................................................ 68
6.7 Exercises ................................................................................................................ 68
6.8 Recommended Reading ......................................................................................... 69
7.4
Phase C: Application Architecture ................................................................................... 70
7.1 Key Learning Points .............................................................................................. 70
7.2 Objectives .............................................................................................................. 70
Inputs ..................................................................................................................... 70
7.3
7.3.1 Application Principles ............................................................................. 71
Steps ...................................................................................................................... 72
7.4.1
Select Reference Models, Viewpoints, and Tools ................................... 72
7.4.2 Develop Baseline Application Architecture Description......................... 74
7.4.3 Develop Target Application Architecture Description ............................ 74
7.4.4
Perform Gap Analysis ............................................................................. 74
7.4.5 Define Candidate Roadmap Components................................................ 74
Resolve Impacts Across the Architecture Landscape .............................. 75
7.4.6
Conduct Formal Stakeholder Review ...................................................... 75
7.4.7
7.4.8
Finalize the Application Architecture ..................................................... 75
Create Architecture Definition Document ............................................... 75
7.4.9
7.5 Outputs .................................................................................................................. 76
Components of the Architecture Definition Document ........................... 76
7.5.1
7.5.2
Components of the Architecture Requirements Specification ................. 77
7.6
Summary................................................................................................................ 77
7.7 Exercises ................................................................................................................ 77
7.8 Recommended Reading ......................................................................................... 78
Phase D: Technology Architecture ................................................................................... 79
8.1 Key Learning Points .............................................................................................. 79
8.2 Objectives .............................................................................................................. 80
Inputs ..................................................................................................................... 80
8.3
8.3.1
Technology Principles ............................................................................. 81
Steps ...................................................................................................................... 82
8.4.1
Select Reference Models, Viewpoints, and Tools ................................... 82
8.4.2 Develop Baseline Technology Architecture Description ........................ 84
8.4.3 Develop Target Technology Architecture Description ............................ 84
8.4.4
Perform Gap Analysis ............................................................................. 85
8.4
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Chapter 9
Chapter 10
8.4.5 Define Candidate Roadmap Components................................................ 85
Resolve Impacts Across the Architecture Landscape .............................. 85
8.4.6
Conduct Formal Stakeholder Review ...................................................... 85
8.4.7
Finalize the Technology Architecture ..................................................... 86
8.4.8
8.4.9
Create Architecture Definition Document ............................................... 86
8.5 Outputs .................................................................................................................. 86
Components of the Architecture Definition Document ........................... 87
8.5.1
8.5.2
Components of the Architecture Requirements Specification ................. 87
8.6
Summary................................................................................................................ 87
8.7 Exercises ................................................................................................................ 88
8.8 Recommended Reading ......................................................................................... 88
Phase E: Opportunities & Solutions ................................................................................. 89
9.1 Key Learning Points .............................................................................................. 89
9.2 Objectives .............................................................................................................. 90
Inputs ..................................................................................................................... 90
9.3
Steps ...................................................................................................................... 91
9.4
9.4.1 Determine/Confirm Key Corporate Change Attributes ........................... 91
9.4.2 Determine Business Constraints for Implementation .............................. 92
Review and Consolidate Gap Analysis Results from Phases B to D ....... 93
9.4.3
9.4.4
Review Consolidated Requirements Across Related Business
Functions ................................................................................................. 94
Consolidate and Reconcile Interoperability Requirements ..................... 94
Refine and Validate Dependencies .......................................................... 94
Confirm Readiness and Risk for Business Transformation ..................... 95
Formulate Implementation and Migration Strategy ................................ 95
Identify and Group Major Work Packages .............................................. 96
Identify Transition Architectures ............................................................ 97
9.4.5
9.4.6
9.4.7
9.4.8
9.4.9
9.4.10
9.4.11 Create the Architecture Roadmap & Implementation and Migration
Plan .......................................................................................................... 97
9.5 Outputs .................................................................................................................. 98
9.6
Summary................................................................................................................ 98
9.7 Exercises ................................................................................................................ 98
9.8 Recommended Reading ......................................................................................... 99
Phase F: Migration Planning .......................................................................................... 100
10.1 Key Learning Points ............................................................................................ 100
10.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................ 101
10.3
Inputs ................................................................................................................... 101
10.4 Steps .................................................................................................................... 102
10.4.1 Confirm Management Framework Interactions for the
Implementation and Migration Plan ...................................................... 102
10.4.2 Assign a Business Value to Each Work Package .................................. 103
10.4.3 Estimate Resource Requirements, Project Timings, and
Availability/Delivery Vehicle ............................................................... 105
10.4.4 Prioritize the Migration Projects through the Conduct of a
Cost/Benefit Assessment and Risk Validation ...................................... 105
10.4.5 Confirm Architecture Roadmap and Update Architecture Definition
Document .............................................................................................. 106
10.4.6 Complete the Implementation and Migration Plan ................................ 107
10.4.7 Complete the Architecture Development Cycle and Document
Lessons Learned .................................................................................... 108
10.5 Outputs ................................................................................................................ 108
Implementation and Migration Plan ...................................................... 109
10.5.1
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Chapter 11
Chapter 12
10.5.2 Architecture Definition Document, including Transition
10.5.3
Architecture ........................................................................................... 110
Implementation Governance Model ...................................................... 110
10.6 Summary.............................................................................................................. 111
10.7 Exercises .............................................................................................................. 111
10.8 Recommended Reading ....................................................................................... 111
Phase G: Implementation Governance ........................................................................... 112
11.1 Key Learning Points ............................................................................................ 112
11.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................ 113
11.3
Inputs ................................................................................................................... 113
11.4 Steps .................................................................................................................... 114
11.4.1 Confirm Scope and Priorities for Deployment with Development
Management .......................................................................................... 114
11.4.2
Identify Deployment Resources and Skills ........................................... 115
11.4.3 Guide Development of Solutions Deployment ...................................... 115
11.4.4 Perform Enterprise Architecture Compliance Reviews ......................... 115
11.4.5
Implement Business and IT Operations................................................. 117
11.4.6 Perform Post-Implementation Review and Close the Implementation .. 117
11.5 Outputs ................................................................................................................ 117
11.5.1 Architecture Contracts ........................................................................... 118
11.5.2 Compliance Assessments ...................................................................... 119
11.6 Summary.............................................................................................................. 120
11.7 Exercises .............................................................................................................. 120
11.8 Recommended Reading ....................................................................................... 120
Phase H: Architecture Change Management .................................................................. 121
12.1 Key Learning Points ............................................................................................ 121
12.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................ 122
Inputs ................................................................................................................... 122
12.3
12.3.1 Change Requests ................................................................................... 123
12.4 Steps .................................................................................................................... 123
12.4.1 Establish Value Realization Process ..................................................... 124
12.4.2 Deploy Monitoring Tools ...................................................................... 124
12.4.3 Manage Risks ........................................................................................ 124
12.4.4 Provide Analysis for Architecture Change Management ...................... 124
12.4.5 Develop Change Requirements to Meet Performance Targets .............. 125
12.4.6 Manage Governance Process ................................................................. 125
12.4.7 Activate the Process to Implement Change ........................................... 125
12.5 Outputs ................................................................................................................ 125
12.6 Summary.............................................................................................................. 126
12.7 Exercises .............................................................................................................. 126
12.8 Recommended Reading ....................................................................................... 127
Chapter 13 ADM Architecture Requirements Management ............................................................. 128
13.1 Key Learning Points ............................................................................................ 128
13.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................ 129
13.3
Inputs ................................................................................................................... 129
13.4 Steps .................................................................................................................... 129
13.5 Outputs ................................................................................................................ 132
13.5.1 Requirements Impact Assessment ......................................................... 132
13.6 Summary.............................................................................................................. 132
13.7 Exercises .............................................................................................................. 133
13.8 Recommended Reading ....................................................................................... 133
TOGAF® 9 Certified Study Guide, 4th Edition
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14.2.1
14.2.2
14.2.3
Part 2: Guidelines for Adapting the ADM ............................................................................................. 134
Iteration and Levels ........................................................................................................ 135
Chapter 14
14.1 Key Learning Points ............................................................................................ 135
14.2 The Concept of Iteration ...................................................................................... 135
Iteration to Develop a Comprehensive Architecture Landscape ........... 135
Iteration within an ADM Cycle (Architecture Development Iteration) . 136
Iteration to Manage the Architecture Capability (Architecture
Capability Iterations) ............................................................................. 136
14.3 Factors Influencing the Use of Iteration .............................................................. 136
14.4
Iteration Cycles .................................................................................................... 137
14.5 Classes of Architecture Engagement ................................................................... 139
14.5.1
Identification of Required Change ........................................................ 139
14.5.2 Definition of Change ............................................................................. 139
14.5.3
Implementation of Change .................................................................... 139
14.6 Mapping TOGAF Phases to Iteration Cycles ...................................................... 142
Iteration between ADM Cycles ............................................................. 142
Iteration within an ADM Cycle ............................................................. 143
14.7 Applying the ADM Across the Architecture Landscape ..................................... 146
14.7.1 The Architecture Landscape .................................................................. 146
14.7.2 The Architecture Continuum ................................................................. 147
14.7.3 Organizing the Architecture Landscape ................................................ 147
14.8 Summary.............................................................................................................. 148
14.9 Exercises .............................................................................................................. 148
14.10 Recommended Reading ....................................................................................... 149
14.6.1
14.6.2
Chapter 15
Security .......................................................................................................................... 150
15.1 Key Learning Points ............................................................................................ 150
15.2
Introduction ......................................................................................................... 150
15.3 Enterprise Security Architecture .......................................................................... 150
15.4 Security as a Cross-Cutting Concern ................................................................... 151
15.5 Adapting the ADM for Security .......................................................................... 152
15.6 Summary.............................................................................................................. 155
15.7 Exercises .............................................................................................................. 156
15.8 Recommended Reading ....................................................................................... 156
Part 3: The Architecture Content Framework ........................................................................................ 157
Chapter 16 Architecture Content Framework ................................................................................... 158
16.1 Key Learning Points ............................................................................................ 158
16.2
Introduction ......................................................................................................... 158
16.3 The Content Framework and the TOGAF ADM ................................................. 159
16.4 Why do we Need a Metamodel? .......................................................................... 159
16.5 Components of the Content Metamodel .............................................................. 159
16.6 Core Metamodel Concepts .................................................................................. 161
16.6.1 Core and Extension Content .................................................................. 162
16.6.2 Core Metamodel Entities ....................................................................... 162
16.6.3 Building Blocks, Catalogs, Matrices, and Diagrams ............................. 164
16.7 Summary.............................................................................................................. 166
16.8 Exercises .............................................................................................................. 166
16.9 Recommended Reading ....................................................................................... 166
Part 4: The Enterprise Continuum .......................................................................................................... 167
Chapter 17 Architecture Partitioning ................................................................................................ 168
17.1 Key Learning Points ............................................................................................ 168
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