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2011年12月英语六级真题及答案详解.doc
The Way to Success
Google's Plan for World's Biggest Online Library:
Section A
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation y
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation y
Section B
Passage One
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you ha
26. A) They look spotlessly clean throughout their
27. A) They may affect the results of experiments.
29. A) While launching animal protection campaigns
Passage Two
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you ha
Passage Three
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you ha
Section C
Section A
Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following pass
Section B
Passage One
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following pass
Passage Two
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following pass
30. What does the speaker say about the natives of
31. What does the speaker say commuters give to Ne
32. What do we learn about the settlers of New Yor
33. As the speaker walked into the living room, wh
34. What does the speaker say about watching telev
35. What can we say about the speaker?
（36）detect （37）delicate （38） identifying （39）a
2011 年 12 月英语六级真题及答案
Part I
Writing
(30 minutes)
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay
entitled
The Way to Success
by commenting on Abraham Lincoln's famous
remark, "Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend, the first
four sharpening the axe." You should write at least
150
words but no
more than
200 words.
The Way to Success
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。
Part II
Scanning)
Reading Comprehension (Skimming and
(15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and
answer the questions on
Answer Sheet 1.
For questions 1-7, choose the
best answer from
the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions
8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Google's Plan for World's Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy Or Act of Piracy?
In recent years, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working hard
to make
digital copies of books. So far, Google has scanned more than 10 million
titles from libraries in America and Europe - including half a million volumes held
by the Bodleian in Oxford. The exact method it uses is unclear; the company does not
allow outsiders to observe the process.
Why is Google undertaking such a venture? Why is it even interested in all those
out-of-printlibrary books, most of which have been gathering dust on forgotten
shelves for decades? Thecompany claims its motives are essentially public-spirited. Its
overall mission, after all, is to "organise the world's information", so it would be
odd if that information did not include books.
The company likes to present itself as having lofty aspirations. "This really isn't
about making money. We are doing this for the good of society." As Santiago de la Mora,
head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: "By making it possible to search the millions
of books that exist today, we hope to expand the frontiers of human knowledge."
Dan Clancy, the chief architect of Google Books, does seem genuine in his conviction
that thisis primarily a philanthropic (慈善的) exercise. "Google's core business is
search and find, soobviously what helps improve Google's search engine is good for
Google," he says. "But we havenever built a spreadsheet (电子数据表) outlining the
financial benefits of this, and I have neverhad to justify the amount I am spending
to the company's founders."
It is easy, talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by their
missionary passion. But Google's book-scanning project is proving controversial.
Several opponents have recently
emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as
Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world.
In broad terms, these opponents have levelled two sets of criticisms at Google.
First, they have questioned whether the primary responsibility for digitally
archiving the world's books should be allowed to fall to a commercial company. In
a recent essay in the NewYorkReviewofBooks, Robert Darnton, the head of Harvard
University's library, argued that because such books are a common resource – the
possession of us all – only public, not-for-profit bodiesshould be given the power
to control them.
The second related criticism is that Google's scanning of books is actually illegal.
This allegation has led to Google becoming miredin (陷入) a legal battle whose scope
and complexity makes the Jarndyce and Jarndyce case in Charles Dickens' Bleak
House look straightforward.
At its centre, however, is one simple issue: that of copyright. The inconvenient
fact about most books, to which Google has arguably paid insufficient attention,
is that they are protected by
copyright. Copyright laws differ from country to country,
but in general protection extends for the duration of an author's life and for a
substantial period afterwards, thus allowing the author's heirs to benefit. (In Britain
and America, this post-death period is 70 years.) This means, of course, that almost
all of the books published in the 20th century are still under copyright – and the
last century saw more books published than in all previous centuries combined. Of
the roughly 40 million books in US libraries, for example, an estimated 32 million
are in copyright. Of these, some 27
million are out of print.
Outside the US, Google has made sure only to scan books that are out of copyright
and thus in the "public domain" (works such as the Bodleian's first edition
of Middlemarch, which anyone canread for free on Google Books Search).
But, within the US, the company has scanned both in-copyright and out-of-copyright
works. Inits defence, Google points out that it displays only small segments of books
that are in copyright– arguing that such displays are "fair use". But critics allege
that by making electronic copies of these books without first seeking the permission
of copyright holders, Google has committed piracy.
"The key principle of copyright law has always been that works can be copied
only once
authors have expressly given their permission," says Piers Blofeld, of the
Sheil Land literary agency in London. "Google has reversed this – it has simply copied
all these works without bothering toask."
In 2005, the Authors Guild of America, together with a group of US publishers,
launched aclassactionsuit (集团诉讼) against Google that, after more than two years
of negotiation, endedwith an announcement last October that Google and the claimants
had reached an out-of-courtsettlement. The full details are complicated - the text
alone runs to 385 pages– and trying tosummarise it is no easy task. "Part of the
problem is that it is basically incomprehensible," saysBlofeld, one of the
settlement's most vocal British critics.
Broadly, the deal provides a mechanism for Google to compensate authors and
publishers
whose rights it has breached (including giving them a share of any future
revenue it generates fromtheir works). In exchange for this, the rights holders agree
not to sue Google in future.
This settlement hands Google the power - but only with the agreement of individual
rights holders – to exploit its database of out-of-print books. It can include
them in subscription deals sold to libraries or sell them individually under a
consumer licence. It is these commercial provisions that are proving the settlement's
most controversial aspect.
Critics point out that, by giving Google the right to commercially exploit its
database, thesettlement paves the way for a subtle shift in the company's role from
provider of information to seller. "Google's business model has always been to provide
information for free, and sell advertising on the basis of the traffic this generates,"
points out James Grimmelmann, associate professor at New York Law School. Now, he says,
because of the settlement's provisions, Google could become a significant force in
bookselling.
Interest in this aspect of the settlement has focused on "orphan" works, where
there is noknown copyright holder – these make up an estimated 5-10% of the books
Google has scanned. Under the settlement, when no rights holders come forward and
register their interest in a work, commercial control automatically reverts to Google.
Google will be able to display up to 20% oforphan works for free, include them in its
subscription deals to libraries and sell them to individual buyers under the consumer
licence.
It is by no means certain that the settlement will be enacted (执行) – it
is the subject of afairness hearing in the US courts. But if it is enacted, Google will
in effect be off the hook as far as copyright violations in the US are concerned. Many
people are seriously concerned by this - and the company is likely to face challenges
in other courts around the world.
No one knows the precise use Google will make of the intellectual property it has
gained byscanning the world's library books, and the truth, as Gleick, an American
science writer and member of the Authors Guild, points out, is that the company probably
doesn't even know itself. But what is certain is that, in some way or other, Google's
entrance into digital bookselling will have a significant impact on the book world
in the years to come.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。
1. Google claims its plan for the world's biggest online library is _____.
A)
B)
C)
D)
to serve the interest of the general public
to encourage reading around the world
to save out-of-print books in libraries
to promote its core business of searching
2. According to Santiago de la Mora, Google's book-scanning project will _____.
A)
B)
C)
D)
broaden humanity's intellectual horizons
help the broad masses of readers
revolutionise the entire book industry
make full use of the power of its search engine
3. Opponents of Google Books believe that digitally archiving the world's books
should be controlled by _____.
A)
non-profit
organisations
multinational companies
B)
the world's leading
libraries
tech giants
C)
D) the world's
4. Google has involved itself in a legal battle as it ignored _____.
A)
B)
C)
D)
the copyright of authors of out-of-print books
the copyright of the books it scanned
the interest of traditional booksellers
the differences of in-print and out-of-print books
5. Google defends its scanning in-copyright books by saying that _____.
A)
B)
C)
D)
it displays only a small part of their content
it is willing to compensate the copyright holders
making electronic copies of books is not a violation of copyright
the online display of in-copyright books is not for commercial use
6. What do we learn about the class action suit against Google?
A)
B)
C)
D)
It ended in a victory for the Authors Guild of America.
It was settled after more than two years of negotiation.
It failed to protect the interests of American publishers.
It could lead to more out-of-court settlements of such disputes.
7. What remained controversial after the class action suit ended?
A)
B)
C)
D)
The compensation for copyright holders.
The change in Google's business model.
Google's further exploitation of its database.
The commercial provisions of the settlement.
8. While _____, Google makes money by selling advertising.
9. Books whose copyright holders are not known are called _____.
10. Google's entrance into digital bookselling will tremendously _____ in the
future.
Part III
Comprehension
Section A
(35 minutes)
Listening
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long
conversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswill
beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswill
be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During
the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and
decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter
on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。
11. A) Cancel the trip to prepare for the test.
B)
C)
D)
Review his notes once he arrives in Chicago.
Listen to the recorded notes while driving.
Prepare for the test after the wedding.
12. A) The woman will help the man remember the lines.
B)
C)
D)
The man lacks confidence in playing the part.
The man hopes to change his role in the play.
The woman will prompt the man during the show.
13. A) Preparations for an operation.
Arranging a bed for a patient.
C)
B) A complicated surgical case.
D) Rescuing the
woman's uncle.
14. A) He is interested in improving his editing skills.
B)
C)
D)
He is eager to be nominated the new editor.
He is sure to do a better job than Simon.
He is too busy to accept more responsibility.
15. A) He has left his position in the government.
B)
C)
D)
He has already reached the retirement age.
He made a stupid decision at the cabinet meeting.
He has been successfully elected Prime Minister.
16. A) This year's shuttle mission is a big step in space exploration.
B)
C)
D)
The man is well informed about the space shuttle missions.
The shuttle flight will be broadcast live worldwide.
The man is excited at the news of the shuttle flight.
17. A) At an auto rescue
center.
garage.
C) At a suburban
B) At a car renting
company.
camp.
18. A) He got his speakers
fixed.
serious music
D) At a mountain
C) He listened to some
B) He went shopping with the woman.
D) He bought a stereo
system.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A) Providing aid to the disabled.
B)
C)
D)
Printing labels for manufactured goods.
Promoting products for manufacturers.
Selling products made for left-handers.
20. A) Most of them are specially made for his shop.
B)
C)
D)
All of them are manufactured in his own plant.
The kitchenware in his shop is of unique design.
About half of them are unavailable on the market.
21. A) They specialise in one product only.
C) They run chain
stores in central London.
B) They have outlets throughout Britain.
D) They sell by mail
order only.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. A) It publishes
magazines.
sales promotion campaigns.
B) It sponsors trade
fairs.
engaged in product design.
C) It runs
D) It is
23. A) The ad specifications had not been given in detail.
B)
C)
D)
The woman's company made last-minute changes.
The woman's company failed to make payments in time.
Organising the promotion was really time-consuming.
24. A) Extend the campaign to next year.
C) Run another
four-week campaign.
B) Cut the fee by half for this year.
a 10 percent discount.
D) Give her
25. A) Stop negotiating for the time being.
C) Reflect on their
respective mistakes
B) Calm down and make peace.
Improve their promotion plans.
Section B
D)
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each
passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions
will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the
best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the
centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。
Passage One
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. A) They look spotlessly clean throughout their lives.
B)
C)
D)
They are looked after by animal-care organizations.
They sacrifice their lives for the benefit of humans.
They are labeled pet animals by the researchers.
27. A) They may affect the results of experiments.
B)
C)
D)
They may behave abnormally.
They may breed out of control.
They may cause damage to the environment.
28. A) When they become escapees.
they get too old.
B) When they are no longer useful.
become ill.
C) When
D) When they
29. A) While launching animal protection campaigns, they were trapping kitchen mice.
B)
While holding a burial ceremony for a pet mouse, they were killing
pest mice.
C)
a cage.
While advocating freedom for animals, they kept their pet mouse in
D)
While calling for animal rights, they allowed their kids to keep pet
animals.
Passage Two
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30. A) They take it for
granted.
most to it.
C) They contribute
B) They are crazy about
it.
fault with it.
31. A) Heat and
light.
C) Historical continuity.
B) Economic
prosperity.
Tidal restlessness.
32. A) They find the city alien to them.
B)
C)
D)
They are adventurers from all over the world.
They lack knowledge of the culture of the city.
They have difficulty surviving.
Passage Three
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. A) A political
debate.
A documentary.
B) A football
game.
D) A murder mystery.
D) They often find
D)
C)
34. A) It enhances family relationships.
C) It helps
broaden one’s horizons.
B) It is a sheer waste of
time.
the viewers.
35. A) He watches TV programs only selectively.
B)
C)
D)
He can't resist the temptation of TV either.
He doesn't like watching sports programs.
He is not a man who can keep his promise.
Section C
D) It is unhealthy for
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage
is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea.
When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in
the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard.
For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing
information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have
just heard or write down the main points in your own
words. Finally, when
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