MechanicalEngineeringSeriesFrederickF.LingEditor-in-ChiefTheMechanicalEngineeringSeriesfeaturesgraduatetextsandresearchmonographstoaddresstheneedforinformationincontemporarymechanicalengineering,includingareasofconcentrationofappliedmechanics,biomechanics,computa-tionalmechanics,dynamicalsystemsandcontrol,energetics,mechanicsofmaterials,processing,productionsystems,thermalscience,andtribology.AdvisoryBoard/SeriesEditorsAppliedMechanicsF.A.LeckieUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbaraD.GrossTechnicalUniversityofDarmstadtBiomechanicsV.C.MowColumbiaUniversityComputationalMechanicsH.T.YangUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbaraDynamicSystemsandControl/MechatronicsD.BryantUniversityofTexasatAustinEnergeticsJ.R.WeltyUniversityofOregon,EugeneMechanicsofMaterialsI.FinnieUniversityofCalifornia,BerkeleyProcessingK.K.WangCornellUniversityProductionSystemsG.-A.KlutkeTexasA&MUniversityThermalScienceA.E.BerglesRensselaerPolytechnicInstituteTribologyW.O.WinerGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyForfurthervolumes:http://www.springer.com/series/1161
Second Edition
RajeshRajamaniVehicleDynamicsandControl
Dr.RajeshRajamaniDepartmentofMechanicalEngineeringUniversityofMinnesotaMinneapolis,MN55455,USArajamani@me.umn.eduISSN0941-5122e-ISSN2192-063XISBN978-1-4614-1432-2e-ISBN978-1-4614-1433-9DOI10.1007/978-1-4614-1433-9SpringerNewYorkDordrechtHeidelbergLondonLibraryofCongressControlNumber:2011940692#Allrightsreserved.Thisworkmaynotbetranslatedorcopiedinwholeorinpartwithoutthewrittenpermissionofthepublisher(SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC,233SpringStreet,NewYork,NY10013,USA),exceptforbriefexcerptsinconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysis.Useinconnectionwithanyformofinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdevelopedisforbidden.Theuseinthispublicationoftradenames,trademarks,servicemarks,andsimilarterms,eveniftheyarenotidentifiedassuch,isnottobetakenasanexpressionofopinionastowhetherornottheyaresubjecttoproprietaryrights.Printedonacid-freepaperSpringerispartofSpringerScienceþBusinessMedia(www.springer.com)RajeshRajamani2012
For Priya
Preface As a research advisor to graduate students working on automotive projects, I have frequently felt the need for a textbook that summarizes common vehicle control systems and the dynamic models used in the development of these control systems. While a few different textbooks on ground vehicle dynamics are already available in the market, they do not satisfy all the needs of a control systems engineer. A controls engineer needs models that are both simple enough to use for control system design but at the same time rich enough to capture all the essential features of the dynamics. This book attempts to present such models and actual automotive control systems from literature developed using these models. The control system applications covered in the book include cruise control, adaptive cruise control, anti-lock brake systems, automated lane keeping, automated highway systems, yaw stability control, engine control, passive, active and semi-active suspensions, tire-road friction coefficient estimation, rollover prevention, and hybrid electric vehicles. A special effort has been made to explain the several different tire models commonly used in literature and to interpret them physically. In the second edition, the topics of roll dynamics, rollover prevention and hybrid electric vehicles have been added as Chapters 15 and 16 of the book. Chapter 8 on electronic stability control has been significantly enhanced. As the worldwide use of automobiles increases rapidly, it has become ever more important to develop vehicles that optimize the use of highway and fuel resources, provide safe and comfortable transportation and at the same time have minimal impact on the environment. To meet these diverse and often conflicting requirements, automobiles are increasingly relying on electromechanical systems that employ sensors, actuators and feedback control. It is hoped that this textbook will serve as a useful resource to researchers who work on the development of such control systems, both in vii