python教材.pdf

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What Readers Are Saying About Practical Programming, Second Edition I wish I could go back in time and give this book to my 10-year-old self when I first learned programming! It’s so much more engaging, practical, and accessible than the dry introductory programming books that I tried (and often failed) to comprehend as a kid. I love the authors’ hands-on approach of mixing explanations with code snippets that students can type into the Python prompt. ➤ Philip Guo Creator of Online Python Tutor (www.pythontutor.com), Assistant Professor, Depart- ment of Computer Science, University of Rochester Practical Programming delivers just what it promises: a clear, readable, usable introduction to programming for beginners. This isn’t just a guide to hacking together programs. The book provides foundations to lifelong programming skills: a crisp, consistent, and visual model of memory and execution and a design recipe that will help readers produce quality software. ➤ Steven Wolfman Senior Instructor, Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia Download from Wow! eBook

The second edition of this excellent text reflects the authors’ many years of expe- rience teaching Python to beginning students. Topics are presented so that each leads naturally to the next, and common novice errors and misconceptions are explicitly addressed. The exercises at the end of each chapter invite interested students to explore computer science and programming language topics. ➤ Kathleen Freeman Director of Undergraduate Studies, Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Oregon Download from Wow! eBook

Practical Programming, 2nd Edition An Introduction to Computer Science Using Python 3 Paul Gries Jennifer Campbell Jason Montojo The Pragmatic Bookshelf Dallas, Texas • Raleigh, North Carolina Download from Wow! eBook

Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and The Pragmatic Programmers, LLC was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial capital letters or in all capitals. The Pragmatic Starter Kit, The Pragmatic Programmer, Pragmatic Programming, Pragmatic Bookshelf, PragProg and the linking g device are trade- marks of The Pragmatic Programmers, LLC. Every precaution was taken in the preparation of this book. However, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages that may result from the use of information (including program listings) contained herein. Our Pragmatic courses, workshops, and other products can help you and your team create better software and have more fun. For more information, as well as the latest Pragmatic titles, please visit us at http://pragprog.com. The team that produced this book includes: Lynn Beighley (editor) Potomac Indexing, LLC (indexer) Molly McBeath (copyeditor) David J Kelly (typesetter) Janet Furlow (producer) Juliet Benda (rights) Ellie Callahan (support) Copyright © 2013 The Pragmatic Programmers, LLC. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior consent of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN-13: 978-1-93778-545-1 Encoded using the finest acid-free high-entropy binary digits. Book version: P1.0—September 2013 Download from Wow! eBook

Contents Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . xi Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii 1. What’s Programming? . . . . . . . . . . Programs and Programming 1.1 1.2 What’s a Programming Language? 1.3 What’s a Bug? 1.4 The Difference Between Brackets, Braces, and Parentheses Installing Python 1.5 2. 3. . . . . . . . . . . Hello, Python . . 2.1 How Does a Computer Run a Python Program? 2.2 Expressions and Values: Arithmetic in Python 2.3 What Is a Type? 2.4 Variables and Computer Memory: Remembering Values 2.5 How Python Tells You Something Went Wrong 2.6 A Single Statement That Spans Multiple Lines 2.7 Describing Code 2.8 Making Code Readable 2.9 2.10 Exercises The Object of This Chapter . . . . . . Functions That Python Provides Designing and Using Functions . 3.1 3.2 Memory Addresses: How Python Keeps Track of Values 3.3 Defining Our Own Functions 3.4 Using Local Variables for Temporary Storage 3.5 Tracing Function Calls in the Memory Model 3.6 Designing New Functions: A Recipe 3.7 Writing and Running a Program . . Download from Wow! eBook 1 2 3 4 5 5 7 7 9 12 15 22 23 25 26 27 27 31 31 34 35 39 40 47 59

Contents • vi 3.8 Omitting a Return Statement: None 3.9 Dealing with Situations That Your Code Doesn’t Handle 3.10 What Did You Call That? 3.11 Exercises 4. Working with Text . . . . . . . . . . . Creating Strings of Characters 4.1 4.2 Using Special Characters in Strings 4.3 Creating a Multiline String 4.4 4.5 Getting Information from the Keyboard 4.6 Quotes About Strings in This Text 4.7 Exercises Printing Information 5. Making Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . A Boolean Type 5.1 5.2 Choosing Which Statements to Execute 5.3 Nested If Statements 5.4 Remembering the Results of a Boolean Expression Evaluation You Learned About Booleans: True or False? 5.5 5.6 Exercises 6. 7. Importing Modules A Modular Approach to Program Organization 6.1 6.2 Defining Your Own Modules 6.3 6.4 6.5 Organizing Our Thoughts 6.6 Exercises Testing Your Code Semiautomatically Tips for Grouping Your Functions . . . . . . . Modules, Classes, and Methods Using Methods . 7.1 7.2 Calling Methods the Object-Oriented Way 7.3 Exploring String Methods 7.4 What Are Those Underscores? 7.5 A Methodical Review 7.6 Exercises . . . . . . . . 8. Storing Collections of Data Using Lists . 8.1 Storing and Accessing Data in Lists 8.2 Modifying Lists . . . . . Download from Wow! eBook 60 61 62 63 65 65 68 70 70 73 74 75 77 77 86 92 92 94 94 99 100 104 109 112 113 114 115 115 117 119 123 125 125 129 129 133

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