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朗文英语听说unit1-6Happiness-To oldtolearn.docx
Unit 1 Happiness
Part 1
TEACHER: Hi, good morning. Did you hear about the lottery winner last night? The
man won... what?...Two million dollars...?
STUDEN: No, three.
TEACHER: Three million dollars? Three million. That's a lot of money isn't it? Do you
think that three million dollars would make you happy?...I'm asking you this because
when you ask people what they need to be happy, many people will answer "more
money!"We assume that money will make us happier. But is this true? Will winning the
lottery help you achieve happiness?
the idea of happiness, at
Today we' re going to look at
the psychology of
happiness--what makes some people happier than others. We'll look at three personality
factors that we find in happy people. To find out about these personality factors,
psychologists talked to hundreds of people. Now, first, they asked the people how happy
they felt--you know, from"very happy"to "not happy at all."Then they asked some more
questions. They wanted to find out about people's personalities, such as their attitudes
about life, and so on. They looked at the differences between happy people and unhappy
people. They found three factors that are very important for achieving happiness. So...
let's look at those factors now.
The first personality factor is that happy people are...satisfied with themselves. This
means that they like themselves as they are, and they' re happy with what they have.
their lives--they may be a little bit
Happy people may not
overweight, or may not have the best job, or may not live in a big, fancy house, but they
don't need to change those things to be happy.They think more about the things they are
satisfied with, not the changes they want to make. This feeling of happiness comes from
the inside, not from something outside.
like everything about
Part2
TEACHER: So... happy people feel satisfied with themselves. On the other hand,
unhappy people are often dissatisfied with themselves. They... uh... feel that something
must change so they can be happy. They think if they lose some weight or get a better
job or a nicer house they will be happy. They are always looking for something outside
themselves to make them happy.But the problem is--they never find it! No matter what
they get, they' re still dissatisfied and unhappy.
The second personality factor is that happy people are optimistic-they look at the
positive side of life, not the negative. Now, we all have problems, whether we' re happy
or not. But when happy people have problems, they assume that things will improve.
They don't worry a lot and think about all the bad things that can happen.Instead, they
have a positive attitude. However, unhappy people are the opposite. They are not
optimistic and don't have a positive attitude. When they have a problem, they think
about how bad everything is and assume that it' ll get worse. So they make themselves
even more unhappy when they think about all the bad things that might happen.
Finally, the third personality factor is that happy people have good relationships
loving relationships with friends and
with other people. They try to have close,
family.Studies show that close, loving relationships are one of the most important
factors in achieving happiness. So happy people don't spend all their time building their
careers or trying to make money. They also spend time building relationships with
friends and family. Now, on the other hand, unhappy people don't have as many close
relationships. They may have trouble making friends.Or they may spend all their time
working and then find that they' re very lonely and unhappy. But for whatever reason,
they don't have close relationships and this makes them unhappy.
So... what does this tell us? Well, if you want to be happier, don't assume that
winning the lottery will help.There are other, more important factors for achieving
happiness. Now, let's take a break, and when we come back we' ll talk more about the
factors that make a person happy...
Unit 2 New Kinds of Food Part 1
TEACHER: Hi, everybody... how's it going?...Good.... Has everyone turned in their
homework? All right, then let's get started. If you remember, last week we were
discussing some research in the area of genetics.Today,I'd like to talk about something
I'm sure you've all heard about--genetically modified or "GM"food. Genetically modified
food is food-either a plant or animal--that has been altered in the laboratory by
scientists. The scientists take something from one plant or animal, and add it to a different
plant or animal to make it grow in a different way. Today, we' ll look at some of the
benefits, and the possible risks. of genetically modified food.
Let's start with a discussion of some of the benefits of GM food. Genetic scientists
are really trying to make food plants that are better than normal plants, to make plants
that are altered in ways that make the plant grow better or taste better or be healthier to
eat than normal plants.
One benefit is that genetically modified plants may need fewer pesticides than
normal plants. For example, there is a type of corn that is bad for insects-when the
insects eat the corn plant, they die. However, the corn doesn't hurt people. This type of
corn is beneficial because farmers use fewer pesticides to grow the corn, and so there is
less pollution in the environment. Also the corn is less expensive because the farmers
don't have to spend a lot of money on pesticides. So, by using fewer pesticides, the corn
is cheaper and the environment is cleaner.
Another benefit of genetically modified plants is that they may grow better than
normal plants. One example is a type of genetically modified strawberry that can grow
in cold weather. These are better than normal strawberries because farmers can plant, the
strawberries earlier in the spring and later in the fall, when normal strawberries usually
die. So, as a result, farmers can grow many more strawberries than they used to. So that's
another benefit--plants that grow better.
Finally,a third benefit is that many genetically modified plants stay fresh longer after
they are harvested. So, for example, there is a kind of tomato that stays fresh in the store
for about two months, instead of one or two weeks.This means that there is more time to
get the food to the stores and that stores have more time to sell the food. Less food is
thrown away and wasted. So it's a great benefit to have food that stays fresh longer-and
we can consume more of the food we grow.
Part 2
TEACHER: Now that we've looked at some of the benefits of genetically modified
plants, let's talk about the risks of growing this type of food. We don't really know what
the harmful effects are, but there are several things that people are worried about.
One risk is that the genetically modified plants may start to dominate the other wild
plants in the environment.This is a problem with some types of tomatoes, for example.
The new tomato plants are stronger than normal plants, and because they are stronger and
grow faster than the wild plants, the genetically modified tomatoes may start to dominate
the environment, causing the wild plants to die. So having one plant dominate all the
other plants isn't good for the environment.
Another risk is that genetically modified plants will hurt wild animals and insects in
the environment. For example, the genetically modified corn I mentioned earlier has
already caused this problem. Now some butterflies that
live near the corn are
dying-butterflies that are good insects, and don't eat the corn. It's possible that corn is
killing the butterflies somehow, but we' re not sure. We just know that more butterflies
are dying than normal.But clearly there's a risk that genetically modified foods can hurt
animals and insects in the environment.
But probably the most important risk is that genetically modified food may be
harmful to the people who consume the food. The alterations in the plants may cause
serious problems for people-we just don't know.Scientists are trying all kinds of new
things, such as putting the genes from animals into a plant. For example, to make a fruit
like strawberries stay fresh longer, scientists took a gene from a fish-a gene that helps the
fish live in cold water-and put that into a strawberry. Will that strawberry be harmful to
people? We don't know. But it may be.
So it's clear that there are some important benefits to genetically modified food but
also some riskes--risks that a lot of people aren't willing to take. So let's stop here and
discuss any questions you have at this point...
Unit 3 Public Art Part 1
TEACHR: Good morning everybody.I hope you all enjoyed our trip to the art museum
last week. Today we' re going to talk... uh... more about modern art.We’ll... uh... take a
look at some examples of public art-art you can only find outdoors... uh... in public
places.I' ll explain the purpose of public art, and... uh... then I' ll describe some examples
of public art that illustrate three common types of modern art: pop art, realism, and
surrealism.
But first, public art.... These days public art is becoming more and more popular.
Many business and city leaders are putting up art in public places-in parks and gardens,
near office buildings, and so on. Cities like to put art in public places for a couple of
reasons. Um...first of all, art helps to make our cities look more beautiful and interesting.
Also, when art is outdoors, many people can look at it and enjoy it every day; they don't
have to go to a museum. So having art in public places lets more people enjoy art every
day.
Now,I'm going to move on to some examples of public art. Here's our first example-a
silver spoon and a red cherry. This piece is huge: It's twenty-nine feet wide and over
fifty feet long! It's made of metal-steel and aluminum. It's painted silver and bright red to
look like a spoon with a red cherry on it. The sculpture is a good example of pop art. Pop
artists like to make art that shows popular things-things people see in their everyday lives.
This artist likes to take common objects, like food, and make them into huge sculptures.
So what do you think about it? Anyone?
STUDENT 1:I think it's great: It's really unusual.I like it because it's simple and easy to
understand.
TEACHER: Yes, that's why many people like pop art. Any other opinions? Yes... Mark?
STUDENT 2: Well,I think it's OK, but I...I think art that is out in public should be
something important, something that's very beautiful or
that means something.It
shouldn’t just be just some everyday thing, like...a spoon.
TEACHER: Interesting point. So you can see that one problem with public art is that
people interpret the purpose differently-they disagree about what it should look like or
mean. And some people may like or understand a piece of art, while other people may
not like it at all.
Part2
TEACHER: As I already mentioned, one purpose of public art is to add beauty to public
places where everyone can enjoy it. But another purpose of art is to illustrate ideas or
concepts-to show some kind of meaning. Instead of using words, artists can send
messages through their art to people who see it. Sometimes, artists even use their art to
promote their own beliefs. To give you some examples, here are a couple of sculptures
that were made top remote the concept of peace. The first one is a large-about
sixteen-foot tall-metal sculpture that shows a young woman on a horse. Notice how real
and lifelike the features of the woman and the horse look. Because they are so realistic,
we call this style of art realism. But the woman in this sculpture is actually a symbol for
peace. So in this example, the art is realistic and symbolizes a concept-the concept of
peace.
Any questions so far?... OK then. Let's take a look at another sculpture that
was made to promote the idea of peace. It's also made of metal and looks like a gun. It's
a little smaller than the first example. It's about six feet wide and thirteen feet long-huge
for a gun. It looks just like a gun, until you notice that it is tied into a knot at the end. We
all know that it is impossible to tie a gun into a knot, right? And so, because it's
impossible, this sculpture is a great example of surrealism. Also, as you know,a gun itself
doesn't symbolize peace. However, because the gun is tied into a knot and can't be fired,
it illustrates the concept of peace.
And so, in these three examples, we can see how public art can be used to make our
cities more beautiful and interesting, and we can see how public art can communicate
ideas or concepts to people. Let's take a break now. and when we come back we' ll look at
some more examples of modern sculpture...
Unit 4 Journey to Antarctica Part 1
TEACHR: Good afternoon. Please take your seats.I have a lot to discuss today. Today I'm
going to talk about one of the greatest adventures of the twentieth century--Ernest
Shackleton's trip to Antarctica. Now, there are other explorers who have been to
Antarctica, but Shackleton's trip is especially interesting because his goal was to be the
first person to walk across the continent of Antarctica. Also, as you'll find out, this trip
was also special because of the problems and difficulties that Shackleton and his crew
endured along the way. In fact-and this is interesting-Shackleton made his trip to
Antarctica on a ship called the Endurance. It's almost as if he somehow knew about the
difficult events to come.
Let's begin in. England. The Endurance left London in1914 with a crew of
twenty-nine men, sixty-nine sled dogs, and a cat. After stopping in Argentina, the ship
proceeded to South Georgia, an island about 800 miles from Antarctica. Then, on
December 5,1914, the Endurance left South Georgia. And right away, the ship entered
water that was filled with ice. However, despite the danger, Shackleton and his crew
proceeded on their journey. Shackleton believed that they could reach the Antarctic
continent despite the ice. He was wrong about this, however, and on January 18,1915, as
the Endurance approached Antarctica, it became stuck in the ice; it couldn't go anywhere.
The crew stayed on the ship, which floated along with the ice for more than ten months.
During that time, the crew lived on the ship, although they could go down on the ice and
walk around if it was not too cold.
On October 27,1915, Shackleton ordered the crew to leave the Endurance. They
took food and other supplies (including three smaller boats) off the ship and set up camp
on a large piece of floating ice. This turned out to be a good decision, because just a
month later, they watched as their ship was crushed by the ice and sank under the water.
Part 2
TEACHER: So... is everyone with me so far? Any questions?... OK, then let's continue.
For the next six months, the crew of the Endurance lived on the ice floating around the
edge of Antarctica. They ate the food from the ship. but when that was gone, they
hunted animals in the area and finally killed and ate their dogs. Finally, in April of 1916,
the crew saw land. It was Elephant Island, which was about 100 miles away. They knew
that the ice below them was getting thinner and might break at any time, so they decided
to proceed to the island.
So, on April 9,1916, Shackleton and his crew got into the three small boats they
rescued from the Endurance before it sank. They put all their supplies in the boats and
began the journey to Elephant Island. It took them seven days to get there. The journey
was terrible and they all almost died.
So now the crew was on land, but there was no hope that they would be rescued from
Elephant Island. It was too far away from anything. The nearest people were on South
Georgia Island, over 800 miles away. Despite the danger, Shackleton decided to go to
South Georgia. He knew it was their only hope for rescue. So on April 24, 1916,
Shackleton and five men left in one of the small boats to try to get to South Georgia.
Twenty men stayed on Elephant Island.
After seventeen days in stormy seas, Shackleton and his men reached South Georgia.
But they weren't finished yet-they had to walk for thirty-six hours to reach the whaling
station. Finally, on May 20, they reached the whalers. But remember-Shackleton still had
to rescue his men on Elephant Island. This took more than three months. Three ships
tried to get to Elephant Island, but they couldn't get there because of all the ice.
Finally, on August 30,1916-twenty-two months
they left on their
journey-Shackleton rescued his men.Amazingly, everyone on the island was alive and
they were all rescued. It's hard to believe, isn't it? So, as you see, this is an important and
interesting example of exploration from the last century.
after
Now let's take a look at some other famous explorers of the twentieth century...
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