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(continued after index)
Rahul Mukerjee
C.F. Jeff Wu
A Modern Theory of
Factorial Designs
Rahul Mukerjee
Indian Institute of Management
Calcutta
Joka, Diamond Harbour Road
Kolkata 700 104
India
rmuk@iimcal.ac.in
C.F. Jeff Wu
School of Industrial and Systems Engineering
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, GA 30332-0205
USA
jeffwu@isye.gatech.edu
Library of Congress Control Number: 2005939038
ISBN-10: 0-387-31991-3
ISBN-13: 978-0387-31991-9
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To my father and wife,
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To my wife, CFJW
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To my father and wife, and to
the memory of my mother, RM
To my wife, CFJW
Preface
Factorial design has always played a prominent role in the theory and prac-
tice of experimental design. It allows efficient and economic experimentation
with multiple input variables and has been successfully used in a wide range
of applications. Much research has been done and texts have been written
on factorial design in the 70 years since its inception. For economic reasons,
fractional factorials have been extremely popular, especially when the number
of factors is large and the runs are expensive. The first and perhaps the most
important issue faced by experimenters is the choice of a fractional factorial
design. Given the long history of factorial design, an “optimality” theory for
design selection should have emerged long ago. Surprisingly, the first serious
attempt in this direction was made only in the early sixties with the notion of
resolution. It became apparent later that this notion was not discriminating
as a criterion for design selection. Equally surprisingly, it took almost another
20 years to see the birth of the minimum aberration (MA) criterion, which
has since become the major criterion for selecting fractional factorial designs.
Once the importance of the MA criterion was recognized in the late eighties,
research on the theory and algorithms for finding MA and related designs
has grown rapidly in the last 15 years. Besides building and improving upon
existing techniques in projective geometry and coding theory, such research
has led to the development of novel techniques like complementary designs
and efficient search algorithms. Factorial designs with increasing complexity
in the underlying structure (e.g., mixed-levels, blocking, split-plots, and ro-
bust parameter design) have also received considerable attention. A detailed
description of this history and an account of the nature and contents of the
book appear in Chapter 1.
In 2000, the present authors felt that the time was ripe to start planning
and writing a modern book on factorial designs with the MA perspective. Such
a book should contain the major theoretical tools and results, and tables of
optimal or efficient designs available in the literature. It took several visits by
RM to CFJW at the Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, and
later at the School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute