RedHat 7.5 Oracle 18c RAC 安装操作手册.pdf-资料库

CNDBA 社区 https://www.cndba.cn 1. 准备工作硬件最低配置要求序号 1 组件 Oracle Grid Infrastructure installations 2 Oracle Database installations 内存 8GB 以上最小 1GB，建议 2GB 以上 1.1. RAC 规划服务器主机名公共 IP 地址（enp0s3）虚拟 IP 地址（enp0s3）私有 IP 地址（enp0s8） ORACLE RAC SID 集群实例名称 SCAN IP 操作系统 Oracle 版本 1.2. 磁盘划分 rac1 192.168.1.100 192.168.1.102 192.168.56.100 cndba1 rac2 192.168.1.101 192.168.1.103 192.168.56.101 cndba2 cndba 192.168.1.104 Red Hat 7.5 18.3.0 仅仅为了安装测试。从 Oracle 12c 开始对磁盘组空间要求更大。OCR 外部冗余最少 30G，NORMAL 最少 60G。空间这块具体的说明，可以参考官网： https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/18/cwwin/oracle-clusterware-storage- requirements.html#GUID-F011F2EC-595E-4806-9B8B-15DB32A91180 磁盘 data01 data02 OCRVOTING01 OCRVOTING02 OCRVOTING03 MIGR 大小 30G 30G 2G 2G 2G 40G 冗余策略 NORMAL NORMAL EXTERNAL 磁盘组名称 DATAFILE OCR MIGR 1.3. 配置 host cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost 192.168.1.100 rac1 172.168.56.100 rac1-priv 192.168.1.102 rac1-vip 192.168.1.101 rac2

CNDBA 社区 https://www.cndba.cn 172.168.56.101 rac2-priv 192.168.1.103 rac2-vip 192.168.1.104 rac-scan 1.4. 添加用户和组 /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54321 oinstall /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54322 dba /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54323 oper /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54324 backupdba /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54325 dgdba /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54326 kmdba /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54327 asmdba /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54328 asmoper /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54329 asmadmin /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54330 racdba /usr/sbin/useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle /usr/sbin/useradd -u 54322 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,asmdba,asmoper,asmadmin,racdba grid 确认用户： id oracle id grid passwd grid passwd oracle 1.5. 禁用透明大页和 NUMA 关于透明大页和 NUMA 的详细说明可以参考： Linux 7.4 中关闭透明大页(Transparent Huge Pages) https://www.cndba.cn/cndba/dave/article/2673 Linux NUMA 技术说明 https://www.cndba.cn/dave/article/149 默认是启用的，如下： [root@18cRac2 software]# cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled [always] madvise never [root@18cRac2 software]# [root@18cRac1 software]# cat /etc/default/grub GRUB_TIMEOUT=5 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)" GRUB_DEFAULT=saved GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rhgb quiet transparent_hugepage=never numa=off" GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true" [root@18cRac1 software]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

CNDBA 社区 https://www.cndba.cn Generating grub configuration file ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64.img Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-4c7b16d0887748f883ee1a722ec96352 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-4c7b16d0887748f883ee1a722ec96352.img done [root@18cRac1 software]# #已经关闭： [root@18cRac1 ~]# cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled always madvise [never] [root@18cRac1 ~]# 1.6. 关闭防火墙和 selinux 防火墙： [root@18cRac1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service [root@18cRac1 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service. 关闭 SELINUX： [root@18cRac1 ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. SELINUX=disabled # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values: # targeted - Targeted processes are protected, # minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. # mls - Multi Level Security protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted 1.7. 禁用 chronyd 关于 Linux 7 中 chronyd 的配置，可以参考我的博客： Linux 7 chrony 时间同步服务配置 https://www.cndba.cn/dave/article/1820 这里我们直接关闭 chronyd： [root@18cRac1 ~]# systemctl stop chronyd [root@18cRac1 ~]# systemctl disable chronyd Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/chronyd.service.

CNDBA 社区 https://www.cndba.cn 1.8. 关闭 avahi-daemon Avahi-daemon 可能会带来网络问题和 bug，尤其是对于 RAC 系统，Oracle 建议直接关闭。 [root@18cRac2 ~]# systemctl stop avahi-daemon Warning: Stopping avahi-daemon.service, but it can still be activated by: avahi-daemon.socket [root@18cRac2 ~]# systemctl disable avahi-daemon Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/avahi-daemon.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/avahi-daemon.socket. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.Avahi.service. [root@18cRac2 ~]# 1.9. 创建目录 mkdir -p /u01/app/18.3.0/grid mkdir -p /u01/app/grid mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/db_1 chown -R grid:oinstall /u01 chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle chmod -R 775 /u01/ 1.10. 配置用户环境变量· 1.10.1. ORACLE 用户 . ~/.bashrc cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile # .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then fi # User specific environment and startup programs ORACLE_SID=cndba1;export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_UNQNAME=cndba;export ORACLE_UNQNAME JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java; export JAVA_HOME ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/18.3.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY:MM:DDHH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK; export NLS_LANG TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin; export TNS_ADMIN ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data; export ORA_NLS11 PATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin

CNDBA 社区 https://www.cndba.cn PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin export PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib export LD_LIBRARY_PATH CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib export CLASSPATH THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG export TEMP=/tmp export TMPDIR=/tmp umask 022 1.10.2. GRID 用户 . ~/.bashrc cat /home/grid/.bash_profile # .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then fi # User specific environment and startup programs PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin #另一个节点是 ASM2 export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1 export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/18.3.0/grid export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:/usr/local/bin/:. export TEMP=/tmp export TMP=/tmp export TMPDIR=/tmp umask 022 export PATH 1.11. 修改资源限制 1.11.1. 修改/etc/security/limits.conf [root@18cRac1 ~]#cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <

CNDBA 社区 https://www.cndba.cn grid soft nofile 1024 grid hard nofile 65536 grid soft stack 10240 grid hard stack 32768 oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240 oracle hard stack 32768 oracle soft memlock 3145728 oracle hard memlock 3145728 EOF 1.12. 配置 NOZEROCONF vi /etc/sysconfig/network 增加以下内容 NOZEROCONF=yes 1.13. 修改内核参数在 Linux 7 之前，内核参数文件是修改/etc/sysctl.conf 文件，但在 Linux 7.x 之后发生了变化： Linux 7 中 /etc/sysctl.conf 的位置变化 https://www.cndba.cn/dave/article/2966 但仍然可以修改这个文件，Oracle 做了个 link 指向了该文件。我们这里创建了一个新文件： [root@18cRac2 sysctl.d]# cat /etc/sysctl.d/sysctl.conf fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.shmall = 1073741824 kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104 kernel.panic_on_oops = 1 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 [root@18cRac2 sysctl.d]#sysctl -p

CNDBA 社区 https://www.cndba.cn 1.14. 安装必要的包 compat-libstdc++-33 yum install binutils libstdc++-devel libX11 unixODBC-devel zlib-devel zlib-devel.i686 compat-libcap1 -y gcc-c++ libxcb gcc libaio-devel libXau libXau.i686 libX11.i686 libaio.i686 libaio libaio-devel.i686 libxcb.i686 glibc libXi libXi.i686 glibc.i686 libXext glibc-devel libXext.i686 make ksh libXtst sysstat libgcc.i686 libXtst.i686 unixODBC 1.15. 安装 cvuqdisk cvuqdisk 存于 oracle GI 安装介质的 cv/rpm 目录下 export CVUQDISK_GRP=asmadmin rpm –ivh cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm 1.16. 配置共享磁盘 -c -g -u -d 'mknod /dev/asmdiskb b 用脚本生成 udev 配置： for i in b c d e f g h; do echo "KERNEL==\"sd*\",ENV{DEVTYPE}==\"disk\",SUBSYSTEM==\"block\",PROGRAM==\"/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d \$devnode\",RESULT==\"`/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u /dev/sd$i`\", RUN+=\"/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmdisk$i b \$major \$minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmdisk$i; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdisk$i'\"" done [root@18cRac1 ~]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id $devnode",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBcc63158d-4355604f", RUN+="/bin/sh $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmdiskb; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdiskb'" KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id $devnode",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBec0489cc-838e8269", RUN+="/bin/sh $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmdiskc; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdiskc'" KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id $devnode",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBe202db97-bb460b14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmdiskd; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdiskd'" KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id $devnode",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB15946091-75f9c0f4", RUN+="/bin/sh $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmdiske; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdiske'" KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id $devnode",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB90ea2842-3d5cfe18", RUN+="/bin/sh $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmdiskf; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdiskf'" KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id $devnode",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB0c31ed82-ca3c7a2f", RUN+="/bin/sh $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmdiskg; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdiskg'" KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id $devnode",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBd2eba70f-9707444e", RUN+="/bin/sh $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmdiskh; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdiskh'" 让 UDEV 生效： -d 'mknod /dev/asmdiskf b -d 'mknod /dev/asmdiskg b -d 'mknod /dev/asmdiske b -d 'mknod /dev/asmdiskh b -d 'mknod /dev/asmdiskc b -d 'mknod /dev/asmdiskd b -u -u -u -u -u -u -g -g -g -g -g -g -c -c -c -c -c

CNDBA 社区 https://www.cndba.cn [root@18cRac1 ~]# /sbin/udevadm trigger --type=devices --action=change 如果权限没有变，尝试重启。 [root@18cRac1 ~]# ll /dev/asm* brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 16 Sep 4 22:37 /dev/asmdiskb brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 32 Sep 4 22:37 /dev/asmdiskc brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 48 Sep 4 22:37 /dev/asmdiskd brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 64 Sep 4 22:37 /dev/asmdiske brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 80 Sep 4 22:37 /dev/asmdiskf [root@18cRac1 ~]# 2. 安装 GRID 2.1. 上传解压介质 [grid@18cRac1 software]$ ll total 9714016 -rwxrwxr-x. 1 grid oinstall 232774 Aug 8 10:11 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.x86_64.rpm -rwxrwxr-x. 1 grid oinstall 4564649047 Sep 4 20:00 LINUX.X64_180000_db_home.zip -rwxrwxr-x. 1 grid oinstall 5382265496 Sep 4 20:01 LINUX.X64_180000_grid_home.zip [grid@18cRac1 software]$ unzip -d /u01/app/18.3.0/grid/ LINUX.X64_180000_grid_home.zip 从 Oracle 12cR2 开始，软件直接解压缩到 GRID_HOME 或者 ORACLE_HOME,而不是在安装时复制过去。该操作只需要在节点 1 上完成解压缩即可。 2.2. 运行安装脚本 gridSetup.sh [grid@18cRac1 grid]$ pwd /u01/app/18.3.0/grid [grid@18cRac1 grid]$ ./gridSetup.sh

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RedHat 7.5 Oracle 18c RAC 安装操作手册.pdf

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