2000 年上海同济大学摄影测量考研真题 一、名词解释（每题 3 分，共 15 分）; 1、内、外方位元素 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 2、核线 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 3、左右视差较 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 4、数字微分纠正 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 5、解析测图仪 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 二、简答∶ 

1、试述透视旋转定律，并举例设明哪种航测内业仪需中使用了这种原理?有何优点?（5 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 2、何为摄膨过程的几何反转?在模拟测图仪上如何实现摄影过程的几何反转?（5 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 3、在区域网空中三角测量中，航带法平差与光束法平差哪一种需要先确定未知数的初始值? 有哪几种方法进行初始值确定?各有什么优缺点?（8 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 4、竖直航空摄影的像片上，存在由哪些主要因素（包括物理因素）引起的像点位移?在摄影 测量处理过程中，如何改正上述像点位移?（12 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 5、以反解法为例，说明利用航空影像生成数字正射影象的过程?（需要哪些原始数据、资料、 处理原理、过程）（10 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 三、当量测了一个立体像对上若干点的像片坐标（其中包括有地而控制点和其它感兴趣的地 物点），如何用解析计算方法求得所育感兴越地物点的地而坐标。 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 1、有哪几种方法可选择?求部的过程?所用的主要公式可优缺点? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 2、每种方法需要多步个地面控制点?（15 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 四、下倒中 4 片组成一个最简单的光束法区域网平架的例子。问∶ 1、光束法平差的基本思想? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 2、平差中用到的主要公式是什么?在加窑点与拉制点上，该公式中哪些符号是已知数?哪些 是未知数? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 3、在本题所示区域网的平差计算中，观测值的个数?未知数及多余观测个数? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 

_________________________________________________________ 4、写出本题平差中，误差方程式的结构;写出得到改化法方程式的过程，绘出改化法方程式 系数矩阵的结构示意图（20 分） 五、己有某一地区的地形图，试述利用该图获得这一地区矩形格网 DEN 的过程（需哪些软、 硬件设备，如何处理）。（10 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________