英语演讲艺术答案【湖北大学】7-12章.pdf-资料库

U7 1. If the meaning of a word is clear to you, you can assume that it is also clear to your audience. 2. The denotative meaning of a word includes all the feelings, associations, and emotions that the word touches off in different people. 3. The connotative meaning of a word is more variable, figurative, and subjective than its denotative meaning. 4. One way to think of a word’s denotative meaning is as its dictionary definition. 5. A public speaker needs to use big words to impress the audience. 6. In dealing with technical topics, a speaker has little choice but to use technical language. C.Pride and Prejudice D.Book 10. “Memories are like fingerprints—no two sets are ever the same” is an example of A.metaphor B.simile C.antithesis D.personification 11. “The flickering light of the fire revealed the fearful faces of the campers” is an example of . A.metaphor B.repetition C.antithesis D.alliteration 7. Language helps to shape our sense of reality by 12. Language has a rhythm created by the choice and A.causing events. B.giving meaning to events. C.communicating events. D.mirroring events. 8. As your textbook explains, connotative meaning gives words their __________ power. A.logical B.difinitional C.emotional D.ethnical 9. Which of the following words is the most general and abstract? A.Writing B.Novel arrangement of words. 13. The main reason to use inclusive language in your speeches is to avoid being accused of political incorrectness. 14. Using inclusive language is important in public speaking both as a matter of audience adaptation and as a matter of accuracy in language. 15. Which of the following is mentioned as a basic criterion for the effective use of language? A.Use language appropriately. B.Use language persuasively. C.Use language credibly. D.Use language emphatically. 16. Which of the following are mentioned as By Hunter

guidelines for the use of inclusive language in public D.manuscript speaking? E.vocalized A.Avoid the generic “he”. 4. When speaking from a manuscript, you should B.Avoid the use of “man” when referring to both strive for the same directness and sincerity in your men and women. voice as in an extemporaneous speech. C.Use names that groups use to identify themselves. 5. Speaking from a manuscript requires very little D.All of the above. skill. U8 1. Good speech delivery A.has a conversational quality B.does not call attention to itself C.requires a strong voice D.all of the above E.a and b only 6. “Conversational quality” of extemporaneous speaking means that a speech has been well rehearsed yet sounds spontaneous to the audience. 7. It is the __________ of your voice that reveals whether you are asking a question or making a statement, whether you are being sincere or sarcastic. A.spontaneity B.variety 2. When speaking from a manuscript, you should C.resonance A.practice aloud to make sure the speech sounds natural. B.be certain the final manuscript is legible at a glance. C.work on establishing eye contact with the audience. D.all of the above. E.a and b only. 3. A speech that is fully prepared in advance but that is delivered from a brief set of notes or a speaking outline is called a(n) __________ speech. A.extemporaneous B.declamatory C.impromptu D.inflection E.rate 8. If you hoped to convey to your audience the excitement of steering a kayak through a river rapids, you should probably A.speak at a faster rate B.use more vocalized pauses. C.break eye contact with your audience. D.gesture less frequently. E.avoid using dialect. 9. Malcolm said “um” or “uh” every time he got to a new PowerPoint slide in his informative speech. His instructor told Malcolm to reduce the number of __________ in his next speech. By Hunter

A.fillers B.vocal inflections C.intonations D.vocalized pauses E.inflections D.illustrative gestures 16. Eye contact is important when the speaker faces a large audience. But it is impossible to make effective eye contact with a large audience. 17. Decent and controlled body language or gestures 10.Changes in a speaker’s pitch, rate, and volume will help deliver our message effectively, therefore are referred to as vocal variety speakers should have a vast number of graceful 11.Pronunciation is the ability to say a word as gestures. indicated in a dictionary, while articulation is the 18. You can only improve your body language when ability to form individual speech sounds distinctly. you practice your delivery in front of your 12.People in the U.S. usually speak at a rate between classmates or family before you really make a 120 and 150 words per minute. speech. 13. Nonverbal communication includes a speaker’s . A.gestures B.eye contact C.rate of speech D.all of the above E.a and b only 14. Which of the following is an appropriate posture? A.Relaxing your shoulders B.Leaning to one side C.Rocking back and forth U 9 1. Research has shown that visual aids can increase both the clarity and the persuasiveness of a speaker’s message. 2. If the object you want to speak about is too large, too small, or unavailable to use as a visual aid, you have little choice but to change the topic of your speech. 3. To be effective as visual aids, photographs must be large enough to be seen easily by everyone in the D.Turning your back on the audience whilst you audience. speak 15. Using three fingers for the number three is an 4. If you were showing statistical trends in a speech, the best visual aid to use would probably be a pie example of using _____________. graph. A.symbolic gestures B.descriptive gestures C.emotional gestures 5. A __________ graph is best suited for showing changes in statistics over time or space. A.pie By Hunter

B.line C.distributive D.parallel E.ratio usually organized in topical order. 4. When dealing with a question of value, a public speaker needs to justify his or her value judgment on the basis of some set of standards or criteria. 6. When you finish discussing a PowerPoint slide, 5. According to your textbook, “To persuade my you should leave it on screen until you get to the next audience that doctor-assisted suicide is morally slide. acceptable” is a specific purpose statement for a 7. It is important to maintain strong eye contact with persuasive speech on a question your audience when you are presenting a visual aid. of . 8. When you plan to use PowerPoint in your speech, A.fact you should always bring a backup copy of your B.policy slides on a flash drive. C.judgment 9. According to your textbook, when making a D.health PowerPoint slide, you should try to use at least five E.value colors so the slide will be visually appealing. 6. Questions of policy deal with whether something 10.If you were giving a speech about how to execute should or should not be done. basic karate moves, the best kind of visual aid to use 7. “To persuade my audience that capital punishment would probably be . is unjust” is a specific purpose statement for a A.yourself B.a photograph C.a chart D.a drawing E.a painting U10 1. Persuasion is the process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people’s beliefs or actions. 2. A persuasive speech on a question of fact is essentially the same as an informative 3. Persuasive speeches on questions of fact are persuasive speech on a question of policy. 8. When trying to persuade listeners to take action, you should usually be specific about the action you want them to take. 9. Comparative-advantages order is used most often in organizing persuasive speeches on questions of value. 10. In a speech seeking to persuade her audience to support the city’s ban on unlimited drink specials at local bars, Darlene used examples and statistics to demonstrate the seriousness of binge drinking as a problem on college campuses. Which of the three By Hunter

basic issues of persuasive speeches on questions of D.hypothetical example policy did Darlene address in this part of her speech? E.simile A.need B.fact C.action D.value E.plan 16.A persuasive speaker who argues that capital punishment should be outlawed because it violates the constitutional principle banning cruel and unusual punishment is reasoning from specific instances. 11.One way to establish your credibility in a speech 17. The following is an example of reasoning from introduction is to let the audience know the source principle: “Places such as Singapore that allow of your expertise. caning and other forms of corporal punishment have 12. Establishing common ground with an audience exceedingly low crime rates. If caning were used in is especially important in the conclusion of a the United States, the U.S. would have lower crime persuasive speech. rates as well.” 13. An advantage of using statistics in your speech 18. The following statement is an example of is that numbers speak for themselves. reasoning from analogy: “If you can make great 14. Extended examples can be used either one at a tacos, you can make great enchiladas.” time to illustrate a point or piled one upon 19. The strongest source of emotional appeal in a another to create an impression. persuasive speech is the sincerity and conviction of 15.Alisha began the introduction of her speech by the speaker. saying: Have you ever been knocked down so hard When you reason from specific instances in a by life that you didn’t feel you’d ever get back up? persuasive speech, you should This has happened to me many times, the first being A.reinforce your argument with statistics and when I tried to ride a bicycle when I was very young. testimony. Today I want to discuss with you some basic B.include at least one extended example among your strategies for coping with life’s challenges. What specific instances. kind of supporting material did Alisha use in her C.avoid drawing conclusions from too few instances. introduction? A.expert testimony B.brief example C.metaphor D.all of the above. E.a and c only. 20.Hasty generalization is a fallacy in reasoning from principle. By Hunter

21. False cause, or post hoc ergo propter hoc, is an 2. The speaker in the prepared speech should focuse error in reasoning in which a speaker mistakenly on a limited number of main points. assumes that because one event follows another, the 3. Beyond basic principles, the most important first event is the cause of the second. element of a successful prepared speech is creativity. 22. To say that analogical cases must be essentially 4.In English speaking competitions, the speaker will alike means that they must be similar enough that get the impropmtu speech topic one day in advance what is true of one is also true of the other. for sound preparation. 23. The bandwagon fallacy assumes that because 5. Once the speakers are onstage, they deliver the something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or prepared speech and leave the stage to prepare for desirable. improptu speeches. 24.What error in reasoning is exemplified by the 6. Speaking at a normal pace will help you to calm following statement? My Volkswagen constantly down and help the judges to hear you more clearly. needs repairs, and so does my roommate’s Toyota. 7. To be an excellent impromptu speaker, you should We can see, then, that foreign cars are unreliable. have a fund of knowledge. 8. To impress the judges in the Q&A, the speaker can use a long story, a detailed account of personal experience, or even a difficult and long quotation to show off your knowledge. 9. If you are given the questions for which you have prepared in advance, recite an answer you have worked out ahead of time. 10.When you practice the Q&A, listen to the questions and answer them concisely within the one- minute time limit. A.invalid analogy B.hasty generalization C.circular thinking D.false cause E.faulty deduction U11 1. A speech that gives thanks for a gift or an award is called a(n) acceptance speech. 2. Bill Clinton’s speech dedicating the Monument to the Struggle against World Terrorism at the site of the 9/11 attack in New York City is an example of a(n) commemorative speech. U12 1.The topics for prepared speech are mainly about campus issues. By Hunter

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英语演讲艺术答案【湖北大学】7-12章.pdf

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