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2012 年云南昆明理工大学单考英语考研真题 A 卷答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。 Part I Vocabulary (20%) Direction: In this section, there are 40incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes thesentence.MarkyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthe center. 1. The boss discharged the cook for his incompetence. The word "discharged" here means_____. A. laid down B. laid off C. laid away D. laid up 2. Petrol is manufactured from the _____ oil we take out of the ground. A．crude B. raw C. rough D. tough 3. One of the most spectacular qualities of man is notably his _____ to any kind of natural environment. A. inclination B. domination C. adaptability D. availability 4. It takes years of hard work to _____ a good dictionary. A. compose B. comply C. construct D. compile 5. O'Neill's ideas have been _____ to a great deal of criticism from those who consider them as scientific dreaming. A. adjusted B. corresponded C. subjected D. yielded 6. The actors have to _____ before they appear in front of the strong lights on television. A. make up B. paint up C. cover up D. do up 7. The design of this architecture show a great deal of _____.We have never seen a building of such a type before. A. conventionality B. originality C. formulation D. fascination

8. India and Pakistan have 0.3 and 0.4 hectares of cropland per person _____. A. relatively B. proportionally C. particularly D. respectively 9. I'm in no _____ this evening to listen to his silly jokes. A. emotion B. mood C. tendency D. sense 10. Jim, the newly elected director, had to reorganize the entire office; he angrily complained of his _____, who had been so incompetent that everything was left in a mess. A. successor B. ancestor C. predecessor D. forefather 11. I don't know if the story is true, but I'll try to _____ it. A. verify B. identify C. reinforce D. conform 12. The polar explorers took every precaution to _____ the dangers of their trip. A. optimize B. standardize C. energize D. minimize 13. Because Bob had stopped reading his technical journals he was _____ of new development in his field. A. intellectual B. subtle C. ignorant D. tedious 14. The plane _____, its bombs exploding as it hit the ground. A. smashed B. clashed C. struck D. crashed 15. Though it was less attractive, Ralph knew the metal box would be more _____ than the wooden box. A. terminal B. durable C. persistent D. ultimate 16. The employer _____ the letter to his secretary, who wrote it down in short hand. A. dictated B. examined C. copied D. imitated 17. Mrs. Brown is so _____ about her housework that servants will not work for her. A. special B. especial C. peculiar D. particular 18. In a speech he made today, the President of Passagonia advocated the_____ of nuclear arms and said that his country was ready for "urgent and effective measures to_____ the arms race." A. expansion/hinder B. propulsion/end C. escalation/curtail D.

elimination/curb 19. The traditional bonds that exist between the two countries, as well as the mutual respect they hold for one another, will_____. a firm basis for further development of their economic ties. A. compromise B. compensate C. contribute D. constitute 20. Both countries have declined to_____ the treaty on nonproliferation of nuclear weapons, partly out of concern for the other's supposed intentions. A. praise B. assess C. void D. endorse 21, Soldiers in full battle gear took up _________ outside the Presidential Palace as tens of thousands of demonstrators slowly marched towards the building. A. trenches B. position C. situation D. deployment 22. If you can do without the few _________ pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you with the best that life has to offer. A. rational B. pastoral C. humorous D. scornful 23. Modern ocean-liners offer you a great variety of _________ comforts. A. hospitable B. infamous C. ludicrous D. civilized 24. These figures will give you a rough idea as to the cost of _________ a sports car. A. running B. accessories C. how expensive D. license plate. 25. Precautions of this sort are necessary, for it is next to impossible to _________ the exact nature of the difficulties which will confront us. A. foretell B. forbid C. forsake D. fortify 26. Inviting the fire-brigade to put out an imaginary, non-existent fire is a crude form of deception which no _________ person would ever indulge in. A. self-conscious B. self-respecting C. self-indulgent D. self-sacrificing 27. Grandma has no authority over the children and lets them do anything they like.

They're completely _________, as a result. A. spoilt B. damaged C. humorous D. scornful 28. She is very _________; you just couldn't make her walk pass under a ladder. A. credulous B. religious C. supernatural D. superstitious 29, Don't forget to wish your elders many happy _________ on their birthdays. A. returns B. celebrations C. anniversaries D. congratulations 30. In the medical profession, men ............. women by two to one. A. outlive B. outdo C. outshine D. outnumber 31. Aggressiveness, the violent expression of selfishness, is relatively simple to explain in evolutionary _________ . A. texts B. words C. terms D. lectures 32. Only over the past few decades have we come to understand how surprisingly much of what we do may be _________ by the kind of creatures we are and especially by the information stored in our genes. A. enlarged B. influenced C. avoided D. gestured 33. Scientists have become increasingly _________ with the fact that genes not only govern physical characteristics but they also play a large role in behavior. A. critical B. impressed C. indistinct D. intensified 34. In the normal brain a large number of substances were _________ that were later found to be abnormal in quantity or metabolism(新陈代谢)in a substantial variety of neurological (神经病学的) disorders. A. identified B. deviated C. overtaken D. appointed 35. Severe difficulties must be _________ before cloning can be done with mammals and humans A. concluded B. overcome C. aggravated D. endangered

36. After entering the cave and turning on their powerful arc-lights (弧光灯), they saw great stalagmites(石笋) — some of them over fifteen meters high— rising up like tree trunks to meet the stalactites _________ from the roof. A. balanced B. scaled C. suspended D. weighed 37. City born and city bred, I have always _________ the country as something you look at through a train window, as somewhere you occasionally visit during a weekend. A. derived from B. dominated C. evacuated D. regarded 38. Some people keep talking about the friendly villagers, the unpolluted atmosphere, the _________ to nature that one feels and the gentle pace of living out there in the country. A. homesickness B. rhythm C. replacement D. closeness 39. But they fail to mention the long and friendless winter evenings which are only interrupted by a(n) _________ visit to the local cinema _________virtually the sole form of entertainment. A. occasional B. sophisticated C. steady D. retrospective 40. Acting on the contention (争论) that facts are _________ , reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details about their private lives. A. notorious B. sacred C. contradictory D. indifferent Part II Reading Comprehension (40%) Directions: In this part there are 4 passages. Each passage is followed by 5 questionsorunfinishedsentences.Foreachofthemthereare4choicesmarkedA, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and Mark your choice on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. Passage 1

It is hard to imagine a more perfect gift than a fine watch, which lasts a lifetime and can become a family heirloom (传家宝). “Other gifts that you give don’t last very long,” says vice president Karl-Friedrich Scheufele of Geneva-based Chopard. “And there are very few that stay with the person wherever they go. This is the amazing thing about watches—they are both beautiful and intimate. You have one on your wrist and you remember a happy time in your life when you look at it.” For something so personal, choosing the right watch demands corresponding care. Here is a brief look at some trends watch buyers will encounter this season: The most obvious trend in watches this season is the overwhelming popularity of sports watches in stainless steel. Yellow gold and two-tone watches of gold and steel are out —and full steel is in. With the steel trend comes sportiness, which has been the industry’s watchword 口号, as it were, for the past three years. Generally speaking, the demand for large-scale steel-case designs—with either steel or leather straps—has led to a great supply of large, even bulky, designs for both men and women. “There is a demand for watches that are bigger and bolder,” says Suryia Hill, media-relations manager for Roberge Watches Geneva. At Citizen, bulky sports watches are the big sellers. “People like to differentiate themselves with their watches, and calm, thin designs are not popular at the moment,” says Willi Richter, general manager of Hamburg-based Citizen Watch Europe GmbH. “Young, middle-aged and even older people these days want to show that they are active, so they prefer bold, active watches.” For Patek Philippe, which has been building luxury gold watches since 1839, the recent move to steel has created a new market of younger buyers. “To our surprise, we found that even our traditional customers wanted to buy our sportier new steel designs,” says Anne Kretz, Patek Philippe’s public-relations manager in Geneva. 41. A fine watch is regarded as a perfect gift for all of the following reasons EXCEPT ______. A. it can last a very long time B. everyone needs a watch

C. it stays with the gift receiver D. it is a witness of a person’s happy moments 42. What does “in” (Par. 3, last sentence) mean? A. Used. B. Welcome. C. Popular. D. Obtainable. 43. What can be inferred from paragraph 4, sentence 1? A. Sportiness goes together with steel. B. Sportiness has been the password for some years. C. It seems as if sportiness were the password. D. Sports watches have been popular for some years. 44. All of the following can be used to describe the current trends in watches EXCEPT ______. A. sports B. calm C. bold D. steel 45. This text is most probably ______. A. a part of an advertising section B. a part of a sales catalog C. a trend analysis D. a technical paper Passage 2 Astronomers believe that the expanding universe is the result of an enormous and powerful explosion called the Big Bang. The Big Band theory may explain how the universe formed. The Big Bang theory states that the universe began to expand with the explosion of concentrated matter and energy and has been expanding ever since. According to the theory, all the matter and energy in the universe was once concentrated into a single place. This place, of course, was extremely hot and dense. Then some 15 to 20 billion years ago, an explosion — the Big Bang — shot the concentrated matter and energy in all directions. The fastest moving matter traveled farthest away. Energy, too, began moving away from the area of the Big Bang. If the Big Bang theory is correct, the energy left from the Big Bang will be evenly spread out throughout the universe. This energy is known as background

radiation. And indeed, scientists have discovered that the background radiation is almost the same throughout the entire universe. This constant background radiation is one observation that supports the Big Bang theory. After the initial Big Bang, the force of gravity began to affect the matter racing outward in every direction. Gravity is a force of attraction between objects. All objects have a gravitational (万有引力的 ) attraction. This force of gravity began to pull matter into clumps. At some time, the clumps formed huge clusters of matter. These clumps became the galaxies (星系) of the universe. But even as the galaxies were forming, the matter inside the galaxies continued to race away from the area where the Big Bang had occurred. And this is just what astronomers have discovered. All of the galaxies are speeding away from the center of the universe. Most astronomers feel that the Big Bang theory leads to two possible futures for the universe: an open universe and a closed universe. 46. What is the passage mainly concerned? A. Center of universe. B. Open or closed universe. C. The Big Bang theory. D. Gravitational attraction. 47. According to the passage, the Big Bang theory is important because it sheds light on （阐明）their ______. A. formation of the galaxies B. formation of the universe C. formation of the stars D. formation of the planets 48. It can be inferred from the passage that, during the initial Big Bang, matter traveled at _____ speed. A. different B. the same C. a constant D. an even 49. According to the passage, galaxies were formed because of _____. A. the expansion of the universe B. the contraction of the universe C. background radiation D. the force of gravity 50. The galaxies kept on moving and even today they are moving in a direction that is ______.

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