2018 年北京高考英语真题及答案
本试卷共14页,共120分。考试时长100分钟。
考 生 务必 将 答 案 答 在答 题 卡 上 , 在试 卷 上 作 答 无效 。
考 试 结束 后 , 将 本 试卷 和 答 题 卡 一并 交 回 。
第一部分:知识运用(共两节,45分)
第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,共15分)
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上
将该项涂黑。
例: It’s so nice to hear from her again. _________, we last met more than thirty
years ago.
A. What’s more
C. In other words
答案是D。
B. That’s to say
D. Believe it or not
1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around.
—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.
A. start
B. have started
C. started
D. had started
2. _________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world
will be gone.
A. Although
B. While
C. If
D.
Until
3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
A. Travel
B. Traveling
C. Having
traveled
D. Traveled
4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood
when I visited her last year.
A. is working
B. was working
C. has worked
D. had worked
5. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
A. which
D. that
B. who
C.as
6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________
a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
A. share
B. to share
C. having shared
D. shared
7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the
past few years.
A. are growing
B. have grown
C. will grow
D. had grown
8. In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent
will get you the help you need.
A. press
B. to press
C. pressing
D. pressed
9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains
for two days.
A. are trapping
B. have been trapped
C. were trapping
D. had been trapped
10. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
A. used
D. use
B. to use
C. using
11. Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.
A. how
B. when
C. where
D.
why
12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems
for a company.
A. need
B. should
C. can
D.
must
13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. drove
B. would drive
C. were to drive
D. had driven
14. —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday
afternoon.
A. for
at
B. on
C. in
D.
15. This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope
for the best.
A. how
B. which
C. that
D.
what
第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,共30分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并
在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The Homeless Hero
For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source
(来源)of temptation(诱惑). But the
16
would no doubt be greater if you were
living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of
the homeless Tom Smith
17
more remarkable.
After spotting a
18
on the front seat inside a parked car with its window
down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the
19
to
return.
After hours in the cold and wet, he
20
inside and pulled the wallet out
hoping to find some ID so he could contact(联系)the driver, only to
21
it
contained £400 in notes, with another £50 in spare change beside it.
He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after
22
a note behind
to let the owner know it was safe. When the car’s owner John Anderson and his
colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car—which was itself worth £35, 000—in
Glasgow city centre, they were
23
to find two policemen standing next to it.
The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was
24
.
The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his
25
.
Mr. Anderson said: "I couldn’t believe that the guy never took a penny. To
think he is sleeping on the streets tonight
26
he could have stolen the money
and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and
27
he didn’t take
the wallet for himself;he thought about others
28
. It’s unbelievable. It
just proves there are
29
guys out there."
Mr. Smith’s act
30
much of the public’s attention. He also won praise
from social media users after Mr. Anderson
31
about the act of kindness on
Facebook.
Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to
32
money for Mr. Smith
and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received £8,000."
I think the faith that everyone has shown
33
him has touched him. People have
been approaching him in the street; he’s had job
34
and all sorts," Mr.
Anderson commented.
For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing
35
. The story once again
tells us that one good turn deserves another.
16. A. hope
B. aim
C. urge
D. effort
17. A. still
18. A. wallet
B. even
B. bag
C. ever
C. box
D. once
D. parcel
19. A. partner
B. colleague
C. owner
D.
policeman
20. A. turned
B. hid
C. stepped
D. reached
21. A. discover
B. collect
C. check
D.
believe
22. A. taking
B. leaving
C. reading
D. writing
23. A. satisfied
B. excited
C. amused
D. shocked
24. A. safe
B. missing
C. found
D. seen
25. A. service
B. support
C. kindness
D.
encouragement
26. A. when
B. if
C. where
D.
because
27. A. rather
B. yet
C. already
D. just
28. A. too
B. though
C. again
instead
29. A. honest
B. polite
C. rich
D.
D.
generous
30. A. gave
B. paid
C. cast
D. drew
31. A. learned
B. posted
C. cared
D.
heard
32. A. borrow
33. A. of
B. raise
B. at
C. save
D. earn
C. for
D. in
D.
34. A. details
B. changes
C. offers
applications
35. A. lesson
B. adventure
C. chance
D.
challenge
第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,共30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将
该项涂黑。
A
My First Marathon(马拉松)
A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant
not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined
to go ahead.
I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher
required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later
informed me that I was "not athletic".
The idea that I was "not athletic" stuck with me for years. When I started
running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about
competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against
my own body and mind. A test of wills!
The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish
line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.
Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So
I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!
At mile 3, I passed a sign: "GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!"
By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite
the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving!
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest
fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses
on running.
I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal.
In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.
Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗
标签), I can now call myself a "marathon winner".
36.
A
month
before
the
marathon,
the
author ____________.
A.
was
well
trained
C.
made
up
his
mind
to
run
B.
felt scared
D.
lost hope
37.
Why did
the
author
mention
the P.E.
class
in
his
7th
year?
A.
To
acknowledge
the
support
of
his teacher.
B.
To
amuse
the readers
with
a
funny
story.
C.
To
show
he
was
not talented
in
sports.
D.
To
share
a
precious memory.
38.
How was
the
author’s
first
marathon?
A.
He
made
it.
B.
He
quit halfway.
C.
He
got
the
first
prize.
D.
He
walked
to
the
end.
39.
What
does
the story
mainly
tell
us?
A.
B.
A
A
man owes
his
success to
his
family
support.
winner
is
one with
a
great
effort
of
will.
C.
Failure
is
the
mother
of
success.
D.
One
is
never
too
old
to
learn.
B
Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation(航空) Center
If you’re looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC)
is the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire
with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.
More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in
engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions.
They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot,
and they leave with real-world applications for what they’re studying in the
classroom.
For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣
誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build
and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated(模拟) flying to
space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives
trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight
and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱) of a variety of flight
simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as
they learn about water- and land-survival through designed tasks and their search
and rescue of "downed" pilot.
With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of
leadership and being part of a bigger task.
All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience
together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.
Stay an hour or stay a week — there is something here for everyone!
For more details, please visit us online at www.oursac.com.
40. Why do people come to SAC?
A. To experience adventures.
B. To look for jobs in aviation.
C. To get a degree in engineering.
D. To learn more about medicine.
41. To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to .
A. fly to space
B. get an Aviation badge first
C. study the principles of flight
D. build and fire model rockets
42. What is the most important for trainees?
A. Leadership.
C. Task planning.
B. Team spirit.
D. Survival skills.
C
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.
Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12
million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to
get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs
of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of
the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics.
The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours,
and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To
confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene
breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to
plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently
broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published
in Current Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break
down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. "