1999 年上海华东师范大学西方经济学及现代经济学考研真 题 西方经济学 一.名词解释（20 分） 1.短期生产函数 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 2.规模不经济 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 3.差别寡头 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 4.税收乘数 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 5.自然失业率 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 

________________________________________________ 二.设某人对某商品的需求函数 p=100—根号 Q，计算价格 p=60 时点价格弹性系数。（10 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 三.假定消费者消费两种商品 x 和 y，x 的边际效用函数为 Mux=40-5x，y 的边际效用函数为 MUy=30-y，消费者的货币收入 M=40，并且 Px=5Py=1，消费者均衡状态下的消费组合应该是 怎么样的?（15 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 四.简要分析需求减少，供给增加条件下均衡产量与均衡价格可能的变动情况（10 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 五.分析通货膨胀的收入分配效应和资源配置效应。（20 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 六.论述凯恩斯主义财政政策和货币政策的手段，并简要分析其在我国的适用性。（25 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 现代经济学 

一.名词解释（20 分） 1.机会成本 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 2.一般均衡 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 3.货币单一规则 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 4.供给学派 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 二.简述题（每个 6 分，共 30 分） 1.简述垄断竞争市场的特点，优缺点以及垄断竞争厂商的均衡条件。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 2.概述劳动要素的需求曲线和供给曲线特点与形成原因。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 

_______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 3.简述规模报酬递增的含义及其产生的原因。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 4.简述恒久性收入说的基本内容。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 5.简述经济增长的主要因素。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 三.论述题（每个 25 分，共 50 分） 1.运用西方宏观经济学的有关理论分析我国目前进行有效需求管理的必要性以及财政政策 和货币政策的相对有效性。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 2.运用微观理论并结合实际分析我国政府以保护价（支持价）敞开收购农民余粮的福利效应 和积极作用。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________