2021 年北京高考英语试题及答案
本试卷共 11 页,共 100 分.考试时长 90 分钟.考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答,在试卷
上作答无效.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.
第一部分 知识运用(共两节,30 分)
第一节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分,共 15 分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项,
并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.
Recently,I took a trip home by train.I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man
with sharp eyes,who kept 1
a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on
her lap.The woman's eye fell on the man's face,and she immediately looked down
and
2
her scarf.
As the night wore on,people began to close their eyes,but the seats were so
uncomfortable that only a very heavy sleeper could manage to get any
3 .The woman
looked over at the man.He was still staring at her.She looked back at him with
fire in her eyes.I was beginning to get 4 ,too.
The train moved on.The little boy was
5
awake on his mother's lap,but the
woman dropped off to sleep.A moment later,he began to
6
the half-open window—one
leg went over it.The man jumped up and
7
the child just before he fell out.
The
8
woke up the woman.She seemed to be in
9 ,and then reality dawned
(显现).“Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the
window,”the man said as he gave the child back to her. .“So I have been watching
the whole time.”The woman was
10 ,and so was I.
1. A. guiding
B. bothering
C. watching
monitoring
2. A. adjusted
B. changed
C. packed
waved
3. A. air
B. joy
C. space
4. A. nervous
B. embarrassed
C. angry
B. still
B. climb
B. rocked
disappointed
5. A. almost
6. A. drag
7. A. grabbed
picked
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D.
D.
D. rest
D.
D. even
D. push
C. hardly
C. knock
C. touched
D.
8. A. alarm
noise
B. quarrel
C. risk
D.
9. A. sorrow
B. relief
C. panic
D. pain
10. A. astonished
B. confused
C. concerned
D.
inspired
第二节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分,共 15 分)
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空.在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词,
在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空.请在答题卡指定区域作答.
A
Why do we dream?Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse
11
(idea).Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.When you sleep,your brain
sorts through everything
12
happened during the day , trying to link new
experiences to old memories. As it
13 (connect) things,your brain tums them
into a story,and you get a dream.
B
Sam is an in-real-life streamer(播主),and he live streams himself just going
about his day.While riding his bike home
14
a cold night,he came across a
sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself.The poor woman wasn't
able to give him any information about
15
she lived.Sam walked her to a nearby
convenience store so that she could
16 (safe) wait for the police to take her
home.
C
There
17 (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over
the past 20 years, 18 (cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according
to a new report from the United Nations.From 2000 to 2019,there were7,348 major
natural disasters around the world, 19 (result) in USD2,970 billion in economic
loss.Much of this increase can be due to climate change.The findings show a critical
need
20 (invest)in disaster prevention.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,38 分)
第一节(共 14 小题;每小题 2 分,共 28 分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上
将该项涂黑.
A
If you are planning to start a career in the field of education,science,or
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culture,then an internship(实习) at UNESCO will be ideal for you.
Who can apply?
You have completed your full-time university studies;or
You are studying in a graduate program for a master's degree.
Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their
studies in a technical institution.
What are the requirements?
You must be at least 20 years old.
You should have a good command (掌握) of either English or French.
You must have an excellent knowledge of office-related software.
You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working
environment.
You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skills.
What do you need to prepare?
Visa:You should obtain the necessary visas.
Travel:You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where
you will do your internship.
Medical insurance:You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid
(有效的)in the target country for the entire period of the internship.UNESCO
will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30,000 for the internship
period.
Medical certificate:You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are
fit to work.
Motivation letter:You should have your motivation letter ready before filling
out the application form.
Your application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our
database for six months.We do not respond to every candidate.If selected,you will
be contacted by a manager.If you do not receive any update within six months,
it means that your application has not been successful.
21. According to this passage,applicants are required to_________.
A. hold a master's degree in science
B. have international work experience
C. be fluent in either English or French
D. present a letter from a technical institution
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22. What will UNESCO provide for the internship period?
A. Limited medical insurance coverage.
B. Training in communication skills.
C. A medical certificate for work.
D. Financial support for travel.
23. What should applicants do before filling out the application form?
A. Contact UNESCO managers.
B. Get access to the database.
C. Keep a motivation letter at hand.
D. Work in a team for six months.
B
I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about
our semester(学期) project of volunteering at a non-profit organization.When the
teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help,my last
choice was Operation Iraqi Children (OIC).My first impression of the organization
was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in
mind.
Then,an OIC representative gave us some details,which somewhat interested
me.After doing some research, I believed that we could really do something for
those kids.When I went online to the OIC website,I saw pictures of the Iraqi
children.Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair(绝
望) and need that I joined this project without hesitation.We decided to collect
as many school supplies as possible,and make them into kits——one kit,one child.
The most rewarding day for our group was project day,when all the efforts we
put into collecting the items finally came together.When I saw the various supplies
we had collected,it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually
be in the hands of an Iraqi child.Over the past four months,I had never imagined
how I would feel once our project was completed.While making the kits,I realized
that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it.I had only focused on the fact
that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on.When
the kits were completed,and ready to be sent overseas,the warm feeling I had was
one I would never forget.
In the beginning,I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another
person.Now that our project is over,I realize that I have affected not only one
life,but ten.With our efforts,ten young boys and girls will now be able to further
their education.
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24.How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning?
A. It would affect his/her initial plans.
B. It would involve traveling overseas.
C. It would not bring him/her a good grade.
D. It would not live up to his/her expectations.
25. What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project?
A. Images of Iraqi children.
B. Research by his/her
classmates.
C. A teacher's introduction.
D. A representative's
comments.
26. The author's OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to__________..
A. become OIC volunteers
B. further their education
C. study in foreign countries
D. influence other
children
27. What can we conclude from this passage?
A. One's potential cannot always be underrated.
B. First impression cannot always be trusted.
C. Actions speak louder than words.
D. He who hesitates is lost.
C
Hundreds of scientists,writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in
an open letter published last December:Policymakers and the rest of us must engage
openly with the risk of global collapse.Researchers in many areas have projected
the widespread collapse as“a credible scenario(情景) this century”.
A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events,food insecurity,
and freshwater shortages might create global collapse.Of course,if you are a
non-human species,collapse is well underway.
The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in
this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most
technologically advanced nations.Not very long ago,it was also unthinkable that
a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously
lacking in flexibility.
The international scholars' warning letter doesn't say exactly what collapse
will look like or when it might happen.Collapseology,the study of collapse,is
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more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday
civilization.Among the signatories(签署者)of the warning was Bob Johnson,the
originator of the“ecological footprint”concept,which measures the total amount
of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle.With the current
footprint of humanity,“it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some
form,possibly within a decade,certainly within this century,”Johnson said in an
email.
Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits, the December
warning letter says,can we have the hope to reduce their“speed,severity and
harm”.And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored.We
all want to hope things will turn out fine.As a poet wrote,
Man is a victim of dope (麻醉品)
In the incurable form of hope.
The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent(执着) on quieting
hope that ignores preparedness.“Let's look directly into the issue of collapse,”
hey say,“and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the
best of a troubling future.”
28. What does the underlined word“germane”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Scientific.
C. Original.
B. Credible.
D. Relevant.
29. As for the public awareness of global collapse,the author is__________.
A. worried
C. surprised
B. puzzled
D. scared
30. What can we learn from this passage?
A. The signatories may change the biophysical limits.
B. The author agrees with the message of the poem.
C. The issue of collapse is being prioritized.
D. The global collapse is well underway.
D
Early fifth-century philosopher St.Augustine famously wrote that he knew what
time was unless someone asked him.Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he
theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it . Today's
state-of-the-art atomic(原子的) clocks have proven Einstein right.Even advanced
physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the
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question you're asking.
Forget about time as an absolute.What if,instead of considering time in terms
of astronomy, we related time to ecology ? What if we allowed environmental
conditions to set the tempo(节奏) of human life?We're increasingly aware of the
fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone,and realizing that
we need to moderate(调节)our actions if we hope to live in balance.What if our
definition of time reflected that?
Recently,I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to
circumstances on our planet,conditions that might change as a result of global
warming.We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total
flow of several major Alaskan rivers,which are sensitive to local and global
environmental changes.We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways
continue to flow at their present rate.If the rivers run faster in the future on
average,the clock will get ahead of standard time.If they run slower,you'll see
the opposite effect.
The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river
dynamics.It's a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from
their own temporal frame(时间框架),and allows us to witness those changes on our
smartwatches or phones.Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live
in harmony with the planet.Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic
time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by
consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.
Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars , early
agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena.In pre-Classical
Greece,for instance,people“corrected”official calendars by shifting dates forward
or backward to reflect the change of season.Temporal connection to the environment
was vital to their survival.Likewise,river time and other timekeeping systems we're
developing may encourage environmental awareness.
When St.Augustine admitted his inability to define time, he highlighted one
of time 's most noticeable qualities:Time becomes meaningful only in a defined
context.Any timekeeping system is valid,and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose.
31. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?
A. Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature.
B. Everyone can define time on their own terms.
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C. The qualities of time vary with how you measure it.
D. Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists.
32. The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to__________.
A. present an assumption
B. evaluate an argument
C. highlight an experiment
D. introduce an approach
33. What can we learn from this passage?
A. Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life.
B. New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems..
C. Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower.
D. Modern technology may help to shape the rivers’ temporal frame.
34. What can we infer from this passage?
A. It is crucial to improve the definition of time.
B. A fixed frame will make time meaningless.
C. We should live in harmony with nature.
D. History is a mirror reflecting reality.
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分,共 10 分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上
将该项涂黑.选项中有两项为多余选项.
Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people.
35
The mental health benefits from music can't be argued.Music could also be helping
you with many other health problems behind the scenes.
36
However, for the same reason, music can be very beneficial if one is
in pain.By distracting (分心) the mind from the pain, music, people say, can lower
stress and anxiety levels.This, of course, can lead to less pain.
Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed. 37
While the validity of the idea is still being assessed,the lowered stress can even
be tied back to blood pressure.Similarly, according to researchers,listening to
just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels,
through the lowering of stress and anxiety.
When it comes to heart health,there is speculation (推测) that it's not the
style of music, but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health.In
one European study,participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their
heart rates and blood pressure. 38
On the other hand,when the music slowed,
the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart
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