2003 年上海华东师范大学自然地理学考研真题 一、名词解释（每题 4 分 共 40 分） 1.科里奥利力 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 2.板块构造学说 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 3.大气活动中心 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 4.温带气旋 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 5.河口三角洲 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 6.等流速公式 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 7.气候地貌叠置性 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 8.冰期与间冰期 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 9.成土因素学说 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 10.生态金字塔 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 二、简答题（每题 10 分 共 50 分） 1.简述自然土壤剖面构造及其特点。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 

2.陆地生态系统的纬度和经度地带性分布特点。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 3.海岸带的动力作用类型及其与海岸地貌的关系。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 4.岩溶作用的化学过程及影响岩溶地貌发育的主要因素。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 5.河流水位，流量及其两者之间的关系。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 三、综述题（每题 20 分 共 60 分） 1.简述气候变化的主要原因。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 2.地形对气候、植物、和土壤的影响作用。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 

___________________________________________ 3.试论述河流与地理环境相互影响，并举例说明。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________