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PNGV电池实验手册.pdf
FOREWORD
ACRONYMS
GLOSSARY
ERRATA SHEET
PURPOSE AND APPLICABILITY
Laboratory Cell Testing
Full-Size Cell or Module Testing
Battery System Testing
PNGV Energy Storage Goals
TEST PROFILES DERIVED FROM PNGV GOALS
TEST PROCEDURES
General Test Conditions and Scaling
Temperature Control
Scaling of Performance and Life Cycle Test Profiles
Static Capacity Test
Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization Test
Pulse Power Characterization Profile.
Test Procedure Description.
Available Energy Test (Dual Mode Constant Power)
Self-Discharge Test
Cold Cranking Test
Cold Cranking Test Profile.
Thermal Performance Test
Energy Efficiency Test
Efficiency Test Profiles.
Power Assist Efficiency Test Profile.
Dual Mode Efficiency Test Profile.
Operating Set Point Stability Test
Adjusting the Operating Set Point.
Controlling the State of Charge During the OSPS Test.
Cycle-Life Tests
Controlling and Maintaining State of Charge during Cycling.
Cycle-Life Test Procedure Outline.
Hybrid Life Cycle Test Profiles.
25-Wh Power Assist Life Cycle Test Profile
1500-Wh Dual Mode Life Cycle Test Profile
Correcting A Dual Mode Life Cycle Profile Charge Imbalance
Calendar Life Test
Calendar Life Test Profile.
Reference Performance Tests
Impedance Spectrum Measurements
Module Controls Verification Tests (Module-Level Testing)
Thermal Management Load (System-Level Testing)
ANALYSIS AND REPORTING OF TEST RESULTS
General
Laboratory Cell Performance Test Results
Minimum Test Reporting Requirements
Static Capacity Test
Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization Test
Open-circuit Voltage.
Calculated Resistance Characteristics as a Function of Depth of Discharge
Pulse Power Capability.
Available Energy for Power Assist.
Available Energy for Dual Mode.
Minimum and Maximum DOD Values.
Pulse Power Characterization Profile Voltage Response.
Other Laboratory Cell Performance Characteristics.
Determining Battery Size Factor When Not Supplied By Manufacturer.
Available Energy Test (Dual Mode Constant Power)
Self-Discharge Test
Cold Cranking Test
Thermal Performance Tests
Energy Efficiency Test
Operating Set Point Stability Test
Cycle-Life Tests
Determining Cycle Life and the End-of-Life Condition
Calendar Life Test
Module Controls Verification Tests
System-Level Testing
REFERENCES
Appendix-C_Rev3_020201.pdf
BACKGROUND
CALENDAR LIFE TESTING AT FIXED SOC
CONTINUOUS LIFE CYCLING AT A FIXED TARGET SOC/DOD VALUE
Use of Control Voltage Limiting for State-of-Charge Control
Assumptions
Determination of the Control Voltage (Trial Value)
Overall SOC Control Approach and Use of the Control Voltage
Verification of Target SOC and Adjustment of Control Voltage
CONTINUOUS LIFE CYCLING OVER A SOC/DOD RANGE
ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
Appendix-D_Rev3_120500.pdf
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1. INTRODUCTION
2. HPPC DATA ANALYSIS PROCESS
3. BATTERY PARAMETER ESTIMATOR
3.1 Lumped Parameter Battery Model
3.2 Use of the Battery Parameter Estimator Spreadsheet
3.2.1 Background
3.2.2 Spreadsheet parameters and relationships
3.2.3 Spreadsheet Procedure
4. CYCLE LIFE EFFICIENCY CALCULATION
4.1 Background
4.2 Use of the CLEM Spreadsheet
4.2.1 Spreadsheet Variables
4.2.1.1 Inputs
4.2.1.2 Calculated Values and Outputs
4.2.2 Entering Information into the Spreadsheet
4.2.3 Results From the Spreadsheet
4.2.4 Evaluating Battery Size Factor Using the Spreadsheet
4.2.5 Equations Used for CLEM Spreadsheet Calculations
5. EXTENDED SIMPLIFIED MODEL
5.1 Use of the ESM Spreadsheet
5.1.1 Input Variables
5.1.2 Values Derived and Variables Used:
5.1.3 Procedure and Equations
5.1.4 Output Variables
Appendix-F_Rev3_020201.pdf
BACKGROUND
ASSUMPTIONS
Thermal Management Design and Operation.
Vehicle Usage
Ambient Temperature Variation
INPUT PARAMETERS
EQUATIONS
Battery thermal characteristics
Battery temperatures at the start of each driving period
Duration of battery hold at minimum operating temperature
Net heat input to the battery required during driving periods
Energy consumed attributable to each driving period
Total energy consumption and average per day
PROCEDURE SUMMARY
DOE/ID-10597
Rev. 3
February 2001
PNGV Battery Test Manual
DOE/ID-10597
Revision 3
PNGV Battery Test Manual
Published February 2001
Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE)
Prepared for the
U.S. Department of Energy
Idaho Operations Office
Contract DE-AC07-99ID13727
FOREWORD
This manual was prepared by and for the Partnership for a New Generation
of Vehicles (PNGV) Program Electrochemical Energy Storage Team. It is based
on the goals established for PNGV energy storage development, testing done for
Phases I and II of the PNGV energy storage program, and earlier hybrid test
procedures work sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, particularly at the
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. The specific
procedures were developed primarily to characterize the performance of a
particular device relative to the PNGV requirements. However, it is anticipated
that these procedures will have some utility for characterizing hybrid energy
storage device behavior in general.
A continuing need to improve these procedures is expected. This fourth
published version of the manual continues to emphasize testing of laboratory
cells and full-size cells and modules, with some additional features to support
testing of full-size energy storage systems. Suggestions or comments should be
directed to the author, Gary Hunt, at the INEEL, by email to glh@datawav.net or
to Chet Motloch at motlcg@inel.gov.
PNGV Electrochemical Energy Storage Team Contributors to Date
James Barnes (DOE)
Vince Battaglia (ANL)
Jeff Belt (INEEL)
Calvin Coates (Ford)
Helen Cost (DaimlerChrysler)
John Dunning (General Motors)
Tien Duong (DOE)
Ahsan Habib (General Motors)
Harold Haskins (Ford)
Bernie Heinrich (Chrysler)
Gary Henriksen (ANL)
Gary Hunt (INEEL)
Glenn Lucas (DaimlerChrysler)
Ted Miller (Ford)
Mati Mikkor (Ford)
Bob Minck (Ford)
Chet Motloch (INEEL)
Tim Murphy (INEEL)
Susan Rogers (DOE)
Chris Sloane (General Motors)
Raymond A. Sutula (DOE)
Tom Tartamella (DaimlerChrysler)
Harshad Tataria (General Motors)
David Swan (Aerovironment)
i
ii
CONTENTS
FOREWORD ....................................................................................................................................i
ACRONYMS................................................................................................................................viii
GLOSSARY ...................................................................................................................................ix
ERRATA SHEET (Added February 2002) ....................................................................................xi
1.
PURPOSE AND APPLICABILITY ..................................................................................... 1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Laboratory Cell Testing .............................................................................................. 1
Full-Size Cell or Module Testing................................................................................ 1
Battery System Testing ............................................................................................... 1
PNGV Energy Storage Goals...................................................................................... 1
2.
3.
Test Profiles Derived from PNGV Goals.............................................................................. 2
Test Procedures ..................................................................................................................... 3
3.1 General Test Conditions and Scaling.......................................................................... 3
Temperature Control...................................................................................... 3
Scaling of Performance and Life Cycle Test Profiles.................................... 3
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.2
Static Capacity Test .................................................................................................... 4
3.3 Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization Test ................................................................. 4
Pulse Power Characterization Profile. ........................................................... 4
Test Procedure Description............................................................................ 5
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.4 Available Energy Test (Dual Mode Constant Power)................................................. 7
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
Self-Discharge Test..................................................................................................... 8
Cold Cranking Test ..................................................................................................... 8
3.6.1
Cold Cranking Test Profile............................................................................ 9
Thermal Performance Test.......................................................................................... 9
Energy Efficiency Test.............................................................................................. 10
3.8.1
Efficiency Test Profiles. .............................................................................. 10
3.9 Operating Set Point Stability Test............................................................................. 12
3.9.1 Adjusting the Operating Set Point. .............................................................. 13
3.9.2
Controlling the State of Charge During the OSPS Test............................... 13
3.10 Cycle-Life Tests........................................................................................................ 13
3.10.1 Controlling and Maintaining State of Charge during Cycling..................... 14
iii
3.10.2 Cycle-Life Test Procedure Outline.............................................................. 14
3.10.3 Hybrid Life Cycle Test Profiles................................................................... 15
3.11 Calendar Life Test..................................................................................................... 20
3.11.1 Calendar Life Test Profile. .......................................................................... 21
3.12 Reference Performance Tests.................................................................................... 22
3.13 Impedance Spectrum Measurements......................................................................... 23
3.14 Module Controls Verification Tests (Module-Level Testing) .................................. 23
3.15 Thermal Management Load (System-Level Testing) ............................................... 24
4.
Analysis and Reporting of Test Results .............................................................................. 25
4.1 General...................................................................................................................... 25
4.1.1
Laboratory Cell Performance Test Results.................................................. 25
4.1.2 Minimum Test Reporting Requirements ..................................................... 25
4.2
Static Capacity Test .................................................................................................. 25
4.3 Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization Test ............................................................... 26
4.3.1 Open-circuit Voltage. .................................................................................. 26
4.3.2
Calculated Resistance Characteristics as a Function of Depth of Discharge26
4.3.3
Pulse Power Capability................................................................................ 28
4.3.4 Available Energy for Power Assist.............................................................. 29
4.3.5 Available Energy for Dual Mode. ............................................................... 33
4.3.6 Minimum and Maximum DOD Values. ...................................................... 33
4.3.7
Pulse Power Characterization Profile Voltage Response. ........................... 34
4.3.8 Other Laboratory Cell Performance Characteristics.................................... 34
4.3.9 Determining Battery Size Factor When Not Supplied By Manufacturer. ... 35
4.4 Available Energy Test (Dual Mode Constant Power)............................................... 35
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
Self-Discharge Test................................................................................................... 36
Cold Cranking Test ................................................................................................... 36
Thermal Performance Tests ...................................................................................... 37
Energy Efficiency Test.............................................................................................. 37
4.9 Operating Set Point Stability Test............................................................................. 38
4.10 Cycle-Life Tests........................................................................................................ 38
4.10.1 Determining Cycle Life and the End-of-Life Condition.............................. 38
4.11 Calendar Life Test..................................................................................................... 39
4.12 Module Controls Verification Tests.......................................................................... 39
iv
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