1998年博士入学考试英语真题.doc

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1998 年博士入学考试英语真题 PART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSION (15 points, 1 point for each) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers.Attheendofeachconversation,athirdvoicewillaskaquestionabout whatwassaid.Thequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Choosethebestanswerfrom thefourchoicesgivenbymarkingthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracross it on your Answer Sheet. 1. A. He’s going to buy some flowers. B. He’s going to bake the cake. C. He’s going to clean up the floor. D. He’s going to dust and mop the kitchen. A. Go to the cinema. 2. B. Visit a friend of hers. C. Go to bed early. D. Go home for dinner. 3. A. He wants her to pick up the bone on the ground. B. He wants her to take the bone out of the fish. C. He wants his broken bone to be treated. D. He has something to complain about. 4. A. The man had lost his keys. B. The man wasn’t able to open the door. C. The door needed repairing. D. He wanted the woman to help him. 5. A. She’d like to come along. B. She knows her way around the harbor. C. The warm weather is quite pleasant. D. The ride will take all day. 6. A. He is anxious to go to the museum. B. He refuses to go to the museum. C. He doesn’t like to go to the museum. D. He will go with her. 7. A. Two boat tickets. B. Two train tickets. C. Two planes tickets. D. Two tickets for the play. 8. A. He likes the house. B. The look of the house surprises him. C. He thinks the house is too small. D. He is happy to see the house they have bought. 9. A. Sleep late.

B. Visit some friends. C. Buy things. D. Go for a ride. Section B Directions: Inthissection,youwillheartwoshortpassages.Attheendofeach passage, there will be three questions. Both the passage and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices give by making the corresponding letter with a single bar across it on your Answer Sheet. 10. A. A deep, resonant voice. B. Good grammar. C. Understanding of the audience’s point of view. D. Information on the subject. 11. A. Confusing wrong is not good writing. B. Writing is not easy for everyone C. Correct grammar is part of good writing D. Anyone can learn to write 12. A. His advice is still useful today. B. He knew nothing about writing. C. He was a popular teacher. D. He was born under a lucky star. 13. A. 4 14. A. It’s a long country with 1,285,000 kilometer. B. 5 C. 6 D.7 B. It’s a country full of natural resources. C. It’s a country surrounded by Pacific Ocean. D. It’s a country with a lot of Pacific Ocean. 15. A. It has a dry climate. B. It is extremely wet. C. It’s rather cool. D. It depends on each region. PART Ⅱ VOCABULARY (20 points, 1/2 point for each) Section A Directions: Therearetwentyquestionsinthissection.Eachquestionisasentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closet in meaning to the underlinedone.Markthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossitonyour Answer Sheet. 16. Economic development is likely to assume a bigger and more significant role in the world. A. suppose 17. The government has a policy of fostering the police awareness of the dangers C. undertake D. transmit B. presume

D. emphasizing D. unskilled B. succeeded B. surrounded B. described C. refrained D. informed B. careful C. unfinished C. ended D. continued B. sensational C. vivid B. discovering C. hindering C. covered D, removed B. harmful C. contagious D. invading B. let the public know D. aired views against in smoking. A. encouraging 18. The scientists at the University of Bern in Switzerland have used a weakened virus that is not infectious and has proved safe and effective. A. dangerous 19. The police cautioned us about the icy roads after the heavy snow fall last night. A. alerted 20. The carpenter did a clumsy piece of work repairing the staircase. A. wonderful 21. The attempt to bring the quarreling couple together again came off to people’ s astonishment. A. failed 22. It was the coldest winter for forty-five years. Villages in the English countryside were cut off by the snow and the Thames froze over. A. isolated 23. China and India launched dramatic market because they need it to avoid collapse. A. radical 24. The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration and they denounced British arrogance. A. declared the end of C. had a quarrel with 25. What has changed is that capital has become incredibly mobile and much harder for economies to control. A. increasingly 26. Clinton has argued that the best way to keep Haitians at home is to see that democracy and prosperity take root there. A. detect 27. The biggest computer company in Silicon Valley has laid off hundreds of people during the last few months. A. dismissed 28. Cultural patterns of getting food are generated primarily by the natural or physical. A. primitively 29. The question really put him on the spot because he knew almost nothing about it. A. on the way home C. on the watch 30. Establishment or a(n) sound social insurance system is essential for deepening economic reforms. A. durable 31. In a front page editorial they declared: “A required course is a(n) illiberal act.” A. authoritarian 32. The Budlands National Park was established in South Dakota to preserve this B. in a difficult position D. out of condition C. declined D. dispersed B. principally C. preferably B. impractically B. learn C. ensure D. understand D. exceptionally B. undisturbed B. steadfast C. miserable D. unwilling C. healthy D. accurate D. effective C. doubtfully B. detached D. potentially

B. Agitate C. exceedingly B. impressively D. fantastically weirdly beautiful region. A. surprisingly 33. This monument imagine was designed to stir up emotions of awe and respect, but could scarcely evoke feelings of warmth and affection. A. tangle 34. Some mechanism regulates the onset and the rate of deterioration of a living body. A. start 35. Precision instruments allow scientists to measure minute quantities with a high degree of accuracy. A. momentary D. aggression D. stipulate B. various D. brief B. death C. speed C. teem C. any C. in that B. certainty B. subjected D. submitted B. consensual B. in this way C. confidential B. come up with D. consequential C. go along with D. in order that Section B Directions: Therearetwentyquestionsinthissection.Eachquestionisasentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across it on your Answer Sheet. 36. All transactions are strictly ______and we never sell, rent or trade any customer’s name. A. confident 37. Advertising is a distinguished from other forms of communication______ the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered. A. in which 38. Many citizens of the world’s richest nations find it increasingly painful to______ the incessant demand for change that characterizes our time. A. keep up with 39. Perhaps, if we could examine the manners of different nations with______ , we should find no people so rude to be without rules of politeness. A. exactitude D. impartiality 40. The captain______ every member of the crew to rigorous physical hardships. A. endured 41. That country will continue to make new nerves gas weapons after the conclusion of a global treaty banning them______, according to a secret administration policy review. A. makes effect 42. Just as space was______ into regions, time was split up into eras, seasons, and epochs. A. decomposed 43. A doctor’s obligation when he can no longer______ the approach of death is to make the patient comfortable, including easing his pain. A. hang around 44. Many important nature conservation sites are______ as Sites of Special Scientific Interest or National Nature Reserves. A. Bounded C. puts into effect D. puts on effect D. face up with B. takes effect C. appreciation C. experienced D. restrained C. cultivated B. hang on C. hold back D. hold on B. originated C. evolved B. designated D. confined

D. creativity D. uprooted B. shortened B. come by B. credential B. illiterate C. illegible D. illustrative B. blessed C. unfounded C. sheared D. curtailed C. fill up D. lay down 45. With the fall in the number of students studying science, we will have lost many with the potential for intellectual______. A. credibility C. recreation 46. Our worst fear have proved______ after he told us everything about it. A. hosted 47. The village moved further and further away from the city and links with outside community have______. A. withered 48. We hoped to be able to get married early this month, but things didn’t ______as we had expected. A. worked out 49. The teacher made strenuous efforts to read the faint and______ handwriting in his students’ exercise books. A. illegal 50. South Africa’s black majority got its first real______ in governing early lat December. A. remark 51. ______ the difficulty of the task, I shall be lucky to complete it by May. A. Regarding 52. So ______are businessmen by the constantly changing numbers that they often cannot determine whether they are making profit or not. A. outsold 53. The border incident led to the two countries’ ______ diplomatic relations. A. pulling off 54. Without a wholehearted______ to a keen forward-looking vision and a deep insight, you can not be a leader. A. commitment 55. The worker’s promised were increase is being ______while it is examined by the government to see if it is greater than the law allows. A. put back B. determination B. breaking off B. outgrown C. overexcited C. passing off D. falling off B. Given C. Presuming D. overwhelmed C. resolution D. obligation C. put down D. held back B. tale C. speech D. say D. Accepted B. held down PART Ⅲ CLOSE TEST (15 points) Directions: Decidewhichofthechoicesgivenbelowwouldbestcompletethepassage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the correct choices for each blank in your Answer Sheet. One supermarket in Tokyo has managed to solve the problems of shoplifting(商店行动). 56 by cashiers and long lines of customers waiting at the cash registers. It is Japan’s advanced computer technology that has come 57 with the answers. Shoppers at an OK supermarket on the outskirts of the city now push a cart 58 a plastic card chained to it and buy from glass cases where the goods are on display. The plastic magnetic number carries his or her own card. Which is 59 at the entrance. While shopping the customer pushes the card into a slot beside 60 items are wanted and pushes a button or two. The glass-covered vending machines are connected to

a computer that 61 the price of every item in the store. Prices of every purchase are added to automatically. 62 she has finished shopping, the customer hands her card to a cashier who 63 it to the register. A second later the 64 pops out. Shoplifting is physically impossible. Once you touch a commodity the computer remembers it 65 you hide it or 66 you eat it on the spot. A cashier at the OK supermarket is now able to work 15 times faster than her 67 at a conventional supermarket. 68 , are required at the store, which 69 2500 separate items. One man is enough to keep the vending machine filled, because 70 the stock for a certain commodity is at least to run out a red lamp in the computer room sees him. B. made B. up B. without B. filled 56. A. mistake 57. A. together 58. A. with 59. A. collected 60. A. those 61. A. shouts 62. A. Before 63. A. opens 64. A. cash 65. A. except 66. A. before 67. A. friend 68. A. for instance 69. A. loses 70. A. there B. what B. knows B. Immediately B. feeds B. money B. in spite of B. when B. colleague B. still B. needs B. whenever C. done C. along C. carrying C. sent C. the number C. calculates C. After all C. reads D. problems D. on D. under D. shown D. whichever D. puts D. When D. connects C. changes D. total C. no matter how D. the way C. even if C. company C. later C. sells C. most D. watches D. neighbor D. however D. deals D. of PART Ⅳ READING COMPREHENSION (30 points) Directions: Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbyseveralquestionsaboutit. Read the passages carefully and to each question choose the best answer A, B, C orD.MarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheetbyblackeningthecorrespondingletter with a pencil. Passage One In the late 1960’s, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel and glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointed out that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot capacities. Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120,000 kilowatts —enough to support the entire city of Albany New York for a day. Glasswalled skyscrapers can be specially wasteful. The heat loss (or gain) through a wall insulation board. To lessen the strain on heating and

air-conditioning equipment builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. However, mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings. Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a city’s sanitation facilities, too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw sewage each year-as much as a city the size of Stanford Connecticut which has a population of more than 109,000. Skyscrapers also interfere with television reception block bird flyways and obstruct air traffic. In Boston in the late 1960’s some people even feared that shadows from skyscrapers would kill the grass on Boston Common. Still, people continue to build skyscrapers for all the reasons that they have always built them –personal ambition, civic pride, and the desire of owners to have the largest possible amount of rentable spare. 71. The man purpose of the passage is to______. A. compare skyscrapers with other structures B. describe skyscrapers and their effect on the environment C. advocate the use of masonry in the construction of skyscrapers D. illustrate some architectural designs of skyscrapers 72. According to the passage, what is one disadvantage of skyscrapers that have mirrored walls? A. The exterior surrounding air is heated. B. The windows must be cleaned daily. C. Construction time is increased. D. Extra air-conditioning equipment is needed. 73. According to the passage, in the late 1960’s some residents of Boston were concerned with which aspect of skyscrapers? A. The noise from their construction B. The removal of trees from building sites C. the harmful effects on the city’s grass D. The high cost of rentable office space 74. The author raise issues that would most concern which of the following groups? A. Electricians B. Environmentalists C. Aviators D. Teachers 75. Where in the passage does the author compare the energy consumption of skyscrapers with that of a city? A. Lines 5-8 C. Lines 19-21 B. Lines 13-14 D. Lines 22-24 Passage Two I was 22 years old when I was finally received into the church, but I still suffered from an adolescent’s suffocating sons that brought me in love of poetry and rhetoric, sense of history, cosmic distress and indignation. Somehow I felt that some of Mother Church’s ancient glamour might rub off on me and that I might

somehow be transformed by it and become part of its mystery. Of course, that’s not the way it works at all. I believe now that grace grows from within slow but very sure. Shortly after becoming a barrister, when I was 27, in a moment of high hope and idealism and making common cause with the man I had recently married, fought to abolish the death penalty. All but a small circle of friends, whom I shall Honor for ever fell away. Professional doors banged shut. We went to live on the Greek islands of Mikonos. It is a strange place, treeless. From the roof or our house at Virst we could see seven islands in summer lying like dolphins, encircling the whitewashed pigeon house where we make our home. At the tiny church we mad ea group of five, Joseph the tailor, my husband and I and another English couple. We went to enjoy each other’s company as much as to have the pleaure of hearing the service. If the priest didn’t come-as he often couldn’t when the wind blew at force Nine-it didn’t particularly matter. We stayed on to have a drink under the trees and watch the sun set. Years later. I went back to that island with my two sons. Milonos itself had changed not for the better, it had changed from my village into a city where I knew only one person in a hundred. ]The church at Alefantare had changed too. It was packed with a multi-racial group. A priest arrived to say Mass, but there was no one available to serve at alter(祭坛). “Go on.”I said to my son,“you do it.”Unselfconsciously, without hesitation, he took the bell and went up to the alter followed by his brother. It was a moment of timeless, happiness-of total reconciliation. Outside, under the blazing sun, the wind was roaring through the trees of Alefantare. Inside, I felt a total synthesis of all reasons, all motives, and motives, and I knew that for this moment I had come into the world. 76. The writer felt that by becoming a member of the church______. A. she had finally been accepted by society B. she would be charged in some way C. she would finally understand the mystery of religion D. she had fulfilled the purpose of her education. 77. The writer had only just become a barrister when______. A. she decided to give up her career to get married B. she had married someone who disagreed with the abolition of the death penalty C. she lost a small circle of friends of whom she was very fond D. she made herself extremely unpopular with her contemporaries 78. The writer and her husband went to live on Mikonos where______. A. they had an elegant house built for them B. they spent all summer lying in the sun on the rooftop C. they found an usual house to live in D. they spent all summer visiting the surrounding islands 79. She and her husband were regular visitors to the small church on the island because______.

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