2000 湖北考研英语二真题及答案
Section I Use of English (10%)
Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank
and ma,A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1 (客观答题卡).
We suffer from a conspicuous lack of role models and shared causes. This is 1
ofreason, I think, that many young Asian-Americans continue to assimilate quietly
into America 2 as doctors, scientists and engineers. Our struggles are individual
and familial but 3 communal or political. Ours is a frustratingly limited version
of the AMERICAN DrearrWhile I can strive for 4 into Harvard and become the talk of
the Korean mothers in mlhometown, God forbid that I aim much further and higher than
that —— 5 fame antinfluence as a writer, an intellectual or perhaps president of
the United States. I wish more than anything else to feel like part of something
6 than myself and m~personal ambitions, part of a larger culture. Unfortunately,
by coming to America my parent, 7 the cultural legacy they would have passed on to
me. When I visited 8 last summer, found that I was 9 and chastised by many people
for never learning how to speak Koreanand for turning my 10 on their culture. Taxi
drivers would 11 to stop for me and my Korean-American friends because they knew
from our 12 where we had come from.
And 13 , in spite of the 17 years I have spent in this country, I feel more acutely
consciousthan ever of the fact that I am not completely 14. Recently, a black man
called me a "littleChinese faggot" in a men's room, and a 15 woman on the street
told me to "go back toJapan." Americans, I think, feel a(n) 16 to keep both Asians
and Asian-Americans at asociological, philosophical and geographical distance. With
17 numbers of Asian-American18 applying to top colleges, many white students have
begun to complain about Asian-American 19 and competitiveness, calling us "Asian
nerds." Many Americans consider thisas part of a larger "Asian invasionf associated
20 Japan's export success in America.
01. [A] one
[B] part
[C] much
[D] some
02. [A] country
[B] city
[C] land
[D] society
03. [A] hardly
[B] frequently
[C] approximately
[D] always
04. [A] scholarship
[B] citizenship
[C] admittance
[D] integration
05. [A] toward
[B] near
[C] between
[D] among
06. [A] more
[B] better
[C] larger
[D] longer
07. [A] sold
[B] maintained
[C] memorized
[D] sacrificed
08. [A] Japan
[B] China
[C] Korea
[D] Thailand
09. [A] scorned
[B] respected
[C]surprised
[D] ignored
10. [A] side
[B] head
[C] eyes
[D] back
11. [A] like
[B] refuse
[C] straggle
[D] want
12. [A] skin
[B] clothes
[C] faces
[D] politeness
13. [A] also
[B] so
[C] yet
[D] then
14. [A] hated
[B] ignored
[C] treated
[D] welcome
15. IAI homeless
[B] careless
[C] selfless
[D] shameless
16. [A] fear
[B] need
[C] interest
[D] hate
17. [A] growing
[B] expanding
[C] developing
[D] enlarging
18. [A] people
[B] residents
[C] students
[D] foreigners
19. ,[Al diligence
[B] laziness
[C] hardship
[D] stubbornness
20. [A] for
[B] to
[C] with
[D] at
gection II Reading Comprehension (60%)
Part A (40 %)
Read the following texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,
B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (客观答题卡).
Text 1
InfraGard is a grass-roots effort to respond to the need for cooperation and
collaboration n countering the threat of cybercrime and terrorism to private
businesses and the government. By the end of September, there will be InfraGard
chapters in all 50 states, Calloway said.
With advice from the FBI, each local chapter will be run by a board of directors
that includes members of private industry, the academic community and public
agencies. Banks,utilities, and other businesses and government agencies will use
a secure Web site to share nformation about attempts to hack into their computer
networks. Members can join the system!t no charge.
A key feature of the system is a two-pronged method of reporting attacks. A
"sanitized"description of a hacking attempt or other incident - one that doesn't
reveal the name or ensitive information about the victim- can be shared with the
other members to spot trends?hen a more detailed description also can be sent to
the FBI's computer crimes unit to ietermine if there are grounds for an
investigation.
Cybercrime has jumped in recent years across the nation, particularly in hotbeds
of financial cormmerce and technology like Charlotte. "Ten years ago, all you needed
to protect yourself was a safe, a fence and security officers," said Chris Swecker,
who is in charge of the FBI's Charlotte office. "Now any business with a modem is
subject to attack."
FBE agents investigating computer hacking that disrupted popular Web sites
including Amazon.com, CNN and Yahoo! this year identified several North Carolina
victims. The investigation has also identified computer systems in North Carolina
used by hackers to commit such attacks.
Prosecutions of hackers have been hampered by the reluctance of businesses to
report security intrusions for fear of bad publicity and lost business. Meanwhile,
too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security
for speed and accessibility. Jack Wiles, who will lead the local InfraGard chapter's
board, said a recent report estimated 97 percent of all cybercrime goes undetected.
Wiles, a computer security expert, has a firewall on his personal computer to prevent
hackers from getting into his files.
"I get at least one report a day that somebody was trying to get into my computer,"
he said. "The Net is a wonderful place, but it's also a dangerous one."
21. From the first paragraph, we know
[A] InfraGard is a protective measure aga/nst cybercrime.
[BI InfraGard is a measure of cooperation and collaboration.
[C] there will be 50 InfraGard chapters in all states.
[DJ private business and the government are now committing cybererime.
22. Each local chapter of InfraGard will be run by the following EXCEPT
[Al academic communities.
[B] public agencies.
[C] FBI.
[D] private industry.
23. By saying "too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by
sacrificing security for speed and accessibility" the author means
[A] too many corporations take no notice of the security problem of computers.
[B] criminals are sacrificing security for speed and accessibility.
[C] it's very easy to sacrifice security for speed and accessibility.
[D] many companies suffer from computer hacking because they value speed and
accessibility more than security.
24. All the following are reasons for the rise in cybercrime EXCEPT
[A] victims won't report intrusions by hackers.
[B] vi victims have no fkewalls.
[C] the use of modem is increasing.
[D] companies don't pay enough attention to Security.
25. It can be concluded from the passage that
[A] not all hacking attempts are worthy of investigation.
[B] information of the victims is inaccessible.
[C] InfraGard chapters will be in effect by the end of September.
[D] Amazon.com was once disrupted by hacking.
Text 2
The annual Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup poll of attitudes towards public education
releasedthis week found that a majorty of Americans feel t is important to put "a
qualified,competent teacher in every classroom". Bob Chase, president of the
National EducationAssociation (NEA), the main teachers' union, wasted no time in
pointing out that this willrequire raising teachers' salaries so that more qualified
candidates will enter the profession andstay there.
A study by two economists suggests that the quality of America's teachers has
more to dowith how they are paid rather than how much. The pay of American
public-school teachers isnot based on any measure of performance; instead, it is
determined by a rigid formula based onexperience and years of schooling, factors
massively unimportant in deciding how wellstudents do.
The uniform pay scale invites what economists call adverse selection. Since the
mosttalented teachers are also likely to be good at other professions, they have
a strong incentive toleave education for jobs in which pay is more closely linked
to productivity. For dullards, theincentives are just the opposite.
The data are striking: when test scores are used as a proxy for ability, the
brightestindividuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture. Clever
students are the least likelyto choose education as a major at university. Among
students who do major in education, those with higher test scores are less likely
to become teachers. And among individuals who enterteaching, those with the highest
test scores are the most likely to leave the profession early.
The study takes into consideration the effects of a nationwide 20% real increase
in teachersalaries during the 1980s. It concludes that it had no appreciable effect
on overall teacherquality, in large part because schools do a poor job of. recruiting
and-selecting the best teachers.Also, even if higher salaries lure more qualified
candidates into the profession, the overall effect on quality may be offset by
mediocre teachers who choose to postpone retirement.
The study also takes aim at teacher training. Every state requires that teachers
be licensed,a process that can involve up to two years of education classes, even
for those who have auniversity degree or a graduate degree in the field they would
like to teach. Inevitably, thissystem does little to lure in graduates of top
universities or professionals who would like toenter teaching at mid-career.
26. Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
[A] NEA is the largest society for teachers.
[B] Education-majored students are not as wise as people have assumed.
[C] Young teachers are paid less because their students don't do well enough.
[D] The study is both concerned with the effects of rise in payment and teacher
training.
27. Increase in teacher salaries did not turn out so effective mainly because
of the following reasons EXCEPT .
[A] the authorities do not set standards for qualified teachers.
[BI mediocre teachers postpone retirement.
[C] the salaries were not attractive enough.
[D] teachers didn't have equal opportunities.
28. According to the passage, the reason for clever students' refusal to take
teaching as profession is because .
[A] it offers low pay.
[B] they have interest in other professions.
[C] it does not value productivity.
[D] it uses poor recruiting strategies.
29. "The data are striking: when the brightest individuals shun the teaching
profession at every juncture" means .
[A] students doing well in study are willing to take teaching as a career.
[B] students doing well in study can't avoid choosing teaching as a career.
[C] students doing well in study are reluctant to be teachers.
[D] students doing well in study are not reluctant to be teachers.
30. All can be concluded BUT .
[A] teaching in U.S.A needs a certificate.
[B] the more outstanding one is, the more likely he is to choose teaching.
[C] American public-school teachers are paid in proportion to experience and
years of schooling.
[D] increase in teacher's salaries is to attract more qualified candidates to
teaching.
Text 3
The Nobel prize in economics had a difficult birth. It was created in 1969 to
mimic thefive prizes initiated under Alfred Nobel's will. These had already been
around for 68 years, andpurists fought hard to stop the newcomer. Some members of
the Royal Swedish Academy ofSciences still dismiss economics as unscientific, and
its prize as not a proper Nobel. Earlywinners were among the prize's fiercest critics.
Gunnar Myrdal, who shared the award in 1974,said the prize ought to be abolished
(but he did not return the money). Milton Friedman, winnerin 1976, doubted the
ability of a few people in Stockholm to make decisions respected aroundthe world.
By the 1990s, the Nobel committee had gained a reputation for intransigence.
Gary Becker won only after a flood of nominations forced the cabal in Stockholm to
act. The father of game theory won only after Mr. Nash's sudden recovery from paranoid
schizophrenia,though the disease had no bearing on the quality of his work, the best
of which was done beforehe became ill. Robert Lucas received a prize that many
economists believed he should have hadmuch earlier. In 1998, the prize became the
subject of countless jokes after the collapse of Long-Term Capital Management, a
hedge-fund firm whose founders included Robert Mertonand Myron Scholes, the 1997
Nobel laureates. The Merton/Scholes choice also highlighted another enduring
problem with the prize:untimely deaths. Fischer Black, co-originator of the
options-pricing model for which MessrsMerton and Scholes were recognised, died a
year too soon to join his collaborators on thepodium. Last year, many economists
hoped that Zvi Griliches, a noted econometrician who wasunquestionably deserving
of the prize, and was suffering from a long illness, would win. He didnot, and died
soon afterwards. Because the prize came into being so late, there is still a backlogof
elderly luminaries waiting to be recognised. Paul Samuelson, one of the younger
winners,and Mr Becker, who was a friend of Griliches, want the committee to take
old age explicitlyinto account.
The committee could also cast its net more widely across the profession. Almost
ail the laureates are also theoreticians; advances in empirical work and
applications in the past two decades have yet to be paid due respect, a fact bemoaned
by Mr Becker. Mr Samuelson adds that the economics committee's selection methods
have excessively mimicked those used for the prizes in natural sciences: "If the
right apple fell on your head, and you saw it, then you got the prize. But if you
had a lifetime of excellence in all branches of physics, you didn't get it."
31. From the first paragraph, we learned that .
[A] the Nobel prize in economics was created under Alfred Nobel's will.
[B] Gunnar Myrdal was one of the Nobel prize winners in economics.
[C] Milton Friedman refused to accept the prize.
[D]the Nobel committee had not the ability to make decisions.
32. We can learn from the text that about the winners of the Nobel prize in
economics during 1990s, .
[A] Gary Becker won the prize after he forced the committee to act.
[B]Mr Nash's illness delayed his receiving of the prize.
[C]obert Lucas received the prize earlier than expected.
[D] Robert Merton and Myron Scholes played jokes on the prize.
33. According to the text, the author's attitude toward Nobel prize in economics
is .
[A]doubtful.
[B]positive.
[C] hostile.
[DJ indifferent.
34. From the third paragraph, we learn that .
[A] Fisher Black did not live long enough to win the Nobel prize.
[B] the Nobel committee will soon take old age into account.
[C] younger people are more likely to win the prize.
[D] Zvi Griliches won the prize after he died.
35. In the last paragraph of the text, Mr Samuelson's attitude toward the
economics committee's selection methods is .