SAP-HANA数据库SQL参考手册.pdf（中文版）

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SAP HANA Database - SQL SAP HANA Appliance Software SPS 04 SAP

目录符号表示 .............................................................................................................................................. 12 引言 ...................................................................................................................................................... 13 SQL ................................................................................................................................................ 13 支持的语言和代码页.................................................................................................................... 13 注释 .............................................................................................................................................. 13 标识符 .......................................................................................................................................... 13 单引号 .......................................................................................................................................... 14 双引号 .......................................................................................................................................... 14 SQL 保留字.................................................................................................................................... 14 数据类型 .............................................................................................................................................. 16 数据类型的分类 ........................................................................................................................... 16 日期时间类型 ............................................................................................................................... 16 Date 格式 .............................................................................................................................. 16 Time 格式 .............................................................................................................................. 17 Timestamp 格式 .................................................................................................................... 18 日期/时间类型支持的函数： ............................................................................................... 19 数字类型 ....................................................................................................................................... 20 字符类型 ....................................................................................................................................... 21 二进制类型 ................................................................................................................................... 22 大对象（LOB）类型 ..................................................................................................................... 22 SQL 数据类型和列存储数据类型之间的映射 .............................................................................. 23 数据类型转换 ............................................................................................................................... 24 类型常量 ....................................................................................................................................... 27 谓词 ...................................................................................................................................................... 29

SAP HANA 数据库– SQL 参考手册比较谓词 ....................................................................................................................................... 29 范围谓词 ....................................................................................................................................... 29 In 谓词 .......................................................................................................................................... 29 Exists 谓词 ..................................................................................................................................... 29 NULL 谓词 ..................................................................................................................................... 30 CONTAINS 谓词 ............................................................................................................................. 30 操作符 .................................................................................................................................................. 33 一元和二元操作符 ....................................................................................................................... 33 操作符优先级 ............................................................................................................................... 33 算术操作符 ................................................................................................................................... 34 字符串操作符 ............................................................................................................................... 34 比较操作符 ................................................................................................................................... 35 逻辑操作符 ................................................................................................................................... 35 集合操作符 ................................................................................................................................... 35 表达式 .................................................................................................................................................. 36 Case 表达式 .................................................................................................................................. 36 Function 表达式 ............................................................................................................................ 36 Aggregate 表达式 .......................................................................................................................... 37 表达式中的子查询 ....................................................................................................................... 37 SQL 函数 ............................................................................................................................................... 39 介绍 .............................................................................................................................................. 39 数据类型转换函数 ....................................................................................................................... 39 CAST ...................................................................................................................................... 39 TO_ALPHANUM ..................................................................................................................... 39 TO_BIGINT ............................................................................................................................. 40 2

SAP HANA 数据库– SQL 参考手册 TO_BINARY ............................................................................................................................ 40 TO_BLOB ................................................................................................................................ 40 TO_CHAR ............................................................................................................................... 41 TO_CLOB ................................................................................................................................ 41 TO_DATE ................................................................................................................................ 41 TO_DATS ................................................................................................................................ 42 TO_DECIMAL .......................................................................................................................... 42 TO_DOUBLE ........................................................................................................................... 43 TO_INT ................................................................................................................................... 43 TO_INTEGER........................................................................................................................... 43 TO_NCHAR ............................................................................................................................. 44 TO_NCLOB ............................................................................................................................. 44 TO_NVARCHAR ...................................................................................................................... 44 TO_REAL ................................................................................................................................ 45 TO_SECONDDATE ................................................................................................................... 45 TO_SMALLDECIMAL ............................................................................................................... 45 TO_SMALLINT ........................................................................................................................ 46 TO_TIME ................................................................................................................................ 46 TO_TIMESTAMP ..................................................................................................................... 46 TO_TINYINT............................................................................................................................ 47 TO_VARCHAR ......................................................................................................................... 47 日期时间函数 ............................................................................................................................... 47 ADD_DAYS ............................................................................................................................. 47 ADD_MONTHS ....................................................................................................................... 48 ADD_SECONDS ....................................................................................................................... 48 3

SAP HANA 数据库– SQL 参考手册 ADD_YEARS ............................................................................................................................ 48 CURRENT_DATE ..................................................................................................................... 49 CURRENT_TIME ...................................................................................................................... 49 CURRENT_TIMESTAMP........................................................................................................... 49 CURRECT_UTCDATE ............................................................................................................... 50 CURRENT_UTCTIME ............................................................................................................... 50 CURRENT_UTCTIMESTAMP .................................................................................................... 50 DAYNAME .............................................................................................................................. 51 DAYOFMONTH ....................................................................................................................... 51 DAYOFYEAR............................................................................................................................ 51 DAYS_BETWEEN ..................................................................................................................... 52 EXTRACT ................................................................................................................................ 52 HOUR ..................................................................................................................................... 52 ISOWEEK ................................................................................................................................ 53 LAST_DAY............................................................................................................................... 53 LOCALTOUTC.......................................................................................................................... 53 MINUTE ................................................................................................................................. 54 MONTH .................................................................................................................................. 54 MONTHNAME ........................................................................................................................ 54 NEXT_DAY .............................................................................................................................. 55 NOW ...................................................................................................................................... 55 QUARTER ............................................................................................................................... 55 SECOND ................................................................................................................................. 56 SECONDS_BETWEEN .............................................................................................................. 56 UTCTOLOCAL.......................................................................................................................... 56 4

SAP HANA 数据库– SQL 参考手册 WEEK ..................................................................................................................................... 57 WEEKDAY ............................................................................................................................... 57 YEAR ...................................................................................................................................... 57 数字函数 ....................................................................................................................................... 58 ABS ........................................................................................................................................ 58 ACOS ...................................................................................................................................... 58 ASIN ....................................................................................................................................... 59 ATAN...................................................................................................................................... 59 ATAN2 .................................................................................................................................... 59 BINTOHEX .............................................................................................................................. 60 BITAND .................................................................................................................................. 60 CEIL ........................................................................................................................................ 60 COS ........................................................................................................................................ 61 COSH ...................................................................................................................................... 61 COT ........................................................................................................................................ 61 EXP ........................................................................................................................................ 62 FLOOR .................................................................................................................................... 62 GREATEST .............................................................................................................................. 62 HEXTOBIN .............................................................................................................................. 63 LEAST ..................................................................................................................................... 63 LN .......................................................................................................................................... 63 LOG ........................................................................................................................................ 64 MOD ...................................................................................................................................... 64 POWER .................................................................................................................................. 65 ROUND .................................................................................................................................. 65 5

SAP HANA 数据库– SQL 参考手册 SIGN ....................................................................................................................................... 65 SIN ......................................................................................................................................... 66 SINH ....................................................................................................................................... 66 SQRT ...................................................................................................................................... 66 TAN ........................................................................................................................................ 67 TANH ..................................................................................................................................... 67 UMINUS ................................................................................................................................. 67 字符串函数 ................................................................................................................................... 68 ASCII ...................................................................................................................................... 68 CHAR ...................................................................................................................................... 68 CONCAT ................................................................................................................................. 68 LCASE ..................................................................................................................................... 69 LEFT ....................................................................................................................................... 69 LENGTH .................................................................................................................................. 69 LOCATE .................................................................................................................................. 70 LOWER ................................................................................................................................... 70 LPAD ...................................................................................................................................... 71 LTRIM..................................................................................................................................... 71 NCHAR ................................................................................................................................... 71 REPLACE ................................................................................................................................. 72 RIGHT ..................................................................................................................................... 72 RPAD ...................................................................................................................................... 72 RTRIM .................................................................................................................................... 73 SUBSTR_AFTER ....................................................................................................................... 73 SUBSTR_BEFORE .................................................................................................................... 74 6

SAP HANA 数据库– SQL 参考手册 SUBSTRING ............................................................................................................................ 74 TRIM ...................................................................................................................................... 74 UCASE .................................................................................................................................... 75 UNICODE ................................................................................................................................ 75 UPPER .................................................................................................................................... 76 杂项函数 ....................................................................................................................................... 76 COALESCE .............................................................................................................................. 76 CURRENT_CONNECTION ........................................................................................................ 77 CURRENCT_SCHEMA .............................................................................................................. 77 CURRENT_USER ..................................................................................................................... 77 GROUPING_ID ........................................................................................................................ 78 IFNULL ................................................................................................................................... 80 MAP ....................................................................................................................................... 80 NULLIF ................................................................................................................................... 81 SESSION_CONTEXT ................................................................................................................. 82 SESSION_USER ....................................................................................................................... 82 SYSUUID ................................................................................................................................. 83 SQL 语句 ............................................................................................................................................... 85 集合定义和操纵语句.................................................................................................................... 85 ALTER AUDIT POLICY .............................................................................................................. 85 ALTER FULLTEXT INDEX .......................................................................................................... 87 ALTER INDEX .......................................................................................................................... 89 ALTER SEQUENCE ................................................................................................................... 89 ALTER TABLE .......................................................................................................................... 91 CREATE AUDIT POLICY ............................................................................................................ 99 7

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